You should check out this wiki:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Thin_Client_Security which describes some of
the differences between full nodes and thin clients. Thin clients store
the blockchain metadata  (block headers) and core nodes store the actual
blocks. For a bitcoin core fullnode there is now also the option to run
in pruned mode, which saves a lot of space.


On 07/12/2017 08:51 AM, Yubin Ruan wrote:
> Many thanks!
>
> Then is it true to say, even though a regular node, which is not full
> node, also have to store full metadata of the whole block chain
> history? I mean, even if they don't have to store all the transaction
> log, they have to store all the block metadata (which contain the
> roots of Merkle tree) to determine determine whether a transaction is
> valid. Is that true?
>
> Thanks,
> Yubin


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