STANDARD, Fluorescent Lamps
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Lamp Construction
Type of Fluorescent Lamps
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Product Description Guide
Cross Reference Guide
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Lamp Construction
The fluorescent lamp is a low pressure mercury, electric discharge lamp that
consists of a glass tube filled with a mixture of argon gas and mercury vapour
at low pressure. When the current flows through the ionized gas, between the
electrodes, it emits ultraviolet radiation from the mercury arc which is
converted
to visible light by phosphor coating on the inside glass of the tube.
To operate, the fluorescent lamp needs a ballast to limit the current and to
provide the necessary starting voltages. Each fluorescent lamp requires a
ballast
designed for its electrical characteristics.
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Base
Glass
Gas
Stem Press
Lead-in wires
Several different types used to connect the lamp to the electric circuit and to
support the lamp in its lampholder.
Usually a straight glass tube.
Can also be circular or U-shaped.
Usually argon or a mixture of inert gases at low pressure. Krypton is also
sometimes used.
The lead-in wires have an air tight seal and are made of a specific wire to
assure a similar coefficient of expansion as that of the glass.
Connect to the base and carry the current to and from the cathodes and the
mercury arc.
Phosphor Coating
Mercury
Cathode
Exhaust tube
Coating inside the bulb transforms ultra-violet radiation into visible light.
The colour of the light reproduced depends on composition of phosphor.
A small quantity of liquid mercury is placed in the bulb to furnish mercury
vapour.
"Hot Cathodes" at each end of the lamp are coated with emissive materials which
emit electrons. Usually made of coiled-coil or single-coil tungsten wire.
Ai is exhausted through this tube during manufacturing and inert gas introduced
into the bulb.
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Dale Leavens, Cochrane Ontario Canada
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