https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=34802

            Bug ID: 34802
           Summary: GNU ld misplaces a valid 4-GiB-aligned common symbol
                    after a 32-bit shift
           Product: binutils
           Version: 2.47
            Status: UNCONFIRMED
          Severity: normal
          Priority: P2
         Component: ld
          Assignee: unassigned at sourceware dot org
          Reporter: basavesh.shivakumar at wsu dot edu
  Target Milestone: ---

Created attachment 17122
  --> https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=17122&action=edit
repro

I'm reporting this bug on behalf of my team: Ananta Srikar Puranam, Emily West,
Dr. Swarn Priya, Dr. Peng Gao and Dr. Basavesh Ammanaghatta Shivakumar.

Summary
=======

An assembler-produced ELF64 COMMON alignment of 2^32 makes current GNU ld shift
an unsigned 32-bit value by 32 in bfd_generic_define_common_symbol; fail-fast
UBSan aborts, while sanitizer-recovery and plain current/released builds can
place the symbol at +8 modulo its requested alignment. The one-field 2^31
control is clean and correctly aligned.

Reproduction
============

1. Download and extract
`bfd-generic-common-alignment-shift-ubsan-reproducer.tar.gz`.
2. Run the following command with an ld.bfd or all-target `ld-new` binary that
   supports the emulation used by the reproducer:

       LD_BFD=/path/to/ld-new sh repro.sh

The archive contains the fixed input files, independent controls, helper
scripts needed by `repro.sh`, and their checksums. The script uses a temporary
directory and does not modify the source tree.

Observed result
===============

An assembler-produced ELF64 COMMON alignment of 2^32 makes current GNU ld shift
an unsigned 32-bit value by 32 in bfd_generic_define_common_symbol; fail-fast
UBSan aborts, while sanitizer-recovery and plain current/released builds can
place the symbol at +8 modulo its requested alignment. The one-field 2^31
control is clean and correctly aligned.

Expected result
===============

GNU ld should either produce the correct output or reject the input with a
normal diagnostic. It should not crash, hang, execute undefined behavior, read
outside an input-derived allocation, or produce the described malformed
output.

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