realpath -m //sysname/rootdir/. returns "/sysname/rootdir" This is incorrect, according to POSIX.
and #3-4 have specific meanings in various applications that in usage. 1) leading double slashes are to be preserved My Notes: in combining paths like pathcat(//, sys, /a) => should get //sys/a in combining paths like pathcat(//, /sys, /a) => /sys sys specifies it wants to be directory, not a system., so at root, '//' refer to no system, and we just get: '/sys/a' 2) final slash indicates end node is a directory 3) a final . in a source specifies something under the directory name. ~4?) I don't think /.. at end of a pathname can be safely deleted and have same meaning as without it, but brain is too tired to detail right now.