> On Sep 22, 2026, at 10:46 AM, Otto Moerbeek <[email protected]> wrote:
> I suppose your machine is trashing. Allocating many gigs on a 2GB
> machine will do that. The memory will be returned an become available
> in the end on process exit, but it probably takes a long while and you
> machine might appear stalled. Your statement that killing ftpd
> does not help is likely a misdiagnosis.
I used sendbug on a VM, not the production server, apologies. The production
server has 256 GB RAM. The ftpd children were long gone for a whole week
before I noticed the inactive memory was sitting at 57 GB.
>
> What do you mean by "Inactive memory"? How do you measure it? It is
> not a term used by e.g. top or ps.
vmstat -s
Look for “pages inactive”
>
> Show us some data of the various stages of your test. I did not
> manage to reproduce locally.
Sure thing. Here are the steps I took:
methone:~$ vmstat -s | head -n 5
4096 bytes per page
60977357 pages managed
4158777 pages free
605119 pages active
34302 pages inactive
methone:~/temp$ du -chsx data
8.1G data
8.1G total
methone:~/temp$ ./mmapdos > /dev/null
methone:~/temp$ vmstat -s | head -n 5
4096 bytes per page
60977357 pages managed
2054420 pages free
568188 pages active
2136312 pages inactive
Now those 8 GB inactive pages will go away when I delete the data folder. The
UVM subsystem will not attempt to free them on its own when it needs more
memory because they were mmap’d in a process.
Here is dmesg from the server:
OpenBSD 8.0-beta (PU.MP) #188: Thu Sep 10 07:29:06 EDT 2026
[email protected]:/home/brian/sys/arch/amd64/compile/PU.MP
real mem = 257562853376 (245631MB)
avail mem = 249725575168 (238156MB)
random: good seed from bootblocks
mpath0 at root
scsibus0 at mpath0: 256 targets
mainbus0 at root
bios0 at mainbus0: SMBIOS rev. 3.0 @ 0xec9b0 (42 entries)
bios0: vendor American Megatrends Inc. version "3.4" date 06/05/2021
bios0: Supermicro X10SRD-F
acpi0 at bios0: ACPI 5.0
acpi0: sleep states S0 S4 S5
acpi0: tables DSDT FACP APIC FPDT FIDT SPMI MCFG UEFI HPET NFIT WDDT SSDT NITR
SSDT SSDT PRAD DMAR HEST BERT ERST EINJ
acpi0: wakeup devices IP2P(S4) EHC1(S4) EHC2(S4) RP01(S4) RP02(S4) RP03(S4)
RP04(S4) RP05(S4) RP06(S4) RP07(S4) RP08(S4) BR1A(S4) BR1B(S4) BR2A(S4)
BR2B(S4) BR2C(S4) [...]
acpitimer0 at acpi0: 3579545 Hz, 24 bits
acpimadt0 at acpi0 addr 0xfee00000: PC-AT compat
cpu0 at mainbus0: apid 0 (boot processor)
cpu0: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.06 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu0: cpuid 1
edx=bfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE>
ecx=77fefbff<SSE3,PCLMUL,DTES64,MWAIT,DS-CPL,VMX,SMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,SDBG,FMA3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,PCID,DCA,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,x2APIC,MOVBE,POPCNT,DEADLINE,AES,XSAVE,AVX,F16C,RDRAND>
cpu0: cpuid 6 eax=77<SENSOR,ARAT,PTS> ecx=9<EFFFREQ>
cpu0: cpuid 7.0
ebx=21cbfbb<FSGSBASE,TSC_ADJUST,BMI1,HLE,AVX2,SMEP,BMI2,ERMS,INVPCID,RTM,PQM,RDSEED,ADX,SMAP,PT>
edx=9c000400<MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,L1DF,SSBD>
cpu0: cpuid a vers=3, gp=4, gpwidth=48, ff=3, ffwidth=48
cpu0: cpuid d.1 eax=1<XSAVEOPT>
cpu0: cpuid 80000001 edx=2c100800<NXE,PAGE1GB,RDTSCP,LONG>
ecx=121<LAHF,ABM,3DNOWP>
cpu0: cpuid 80000007 edx=100<ITSC>
cpu0: MELTDOWN
cpu0: 32KB 64b/line 8-way D-cache, 32KB 64b/line 8-way I-cache, 256KB 64b/line
8-way L2 cache, 45MB 64b/line 20-way L3 cache
cpu0: smt 0, core 0, package 0, type P
mtrr: Pentium Pro MTRR support, 10 var ranges, 88 fixed ranges
cpu0: apic clock running at 100MHz
cpu0: mwait min=64, max=64, C-substates=0.2.1.2, IBE
cpu1 at mainbus0: apid 2 (application processor)
cpu1: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.09 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu1: smt 0, core 1, package 0, type P
cpu2 at mainbus0: apid 4 (application processor)
cpu2: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.12 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu2: smt 0, core 2, package 0, type P
cpu3 at mainbus0: apid 6 (application processor)
cpu3: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.23 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu3: smt 0, core 3, package 0, type P
cpu4 at mainbus0: apid 8 (application processor)
cpu4: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.29 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu4: smt 0, core 4, package 0, type P
cpu5 at mainbus0: apid 16 (application processor)
cpu5: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.29 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu5: smt 0, core 8, package 0, type P
cpu6 at mainbus0: apid 18 (application processor)
cpu6: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.36 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu6: smt 0, core 9, package 0, type P
cpu7 at mainbus0: apid 20 (application processor)
cpu7: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.38 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu7: smt 0, core 10, package 0, type P
cpu8 at mainbus0: apid 22 (application processor)
cpu8: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.34 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu8: smt 0, core 11, package 0, type P
cpu9 at mainbus0: apid 32 (application processor)
cpu9: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.43 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu9: smt 0, core 16, package 0, type P
cpu10 at mainbus0: apid 34 (application processor)
cpu10: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.50 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu10: smt 0, core 17, package 0, type P
cpu11 at mainbus0: apid 36 (application processor)
cpu11: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.63 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu11: smt 0, core 18, package 0, type P
cpu12 at mainbus0: apid 38 (application processor)
cpu12: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.69 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu12: smt 0, core 19, package 0, type P
cpu13 at mainbus0: apid 40 (application processor)
cpu13: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.50 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu13: smt 0, core 20, package 0, type P
cpu14 at mainbus0: apid 48 (application processor)
cpu14: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.87 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu14: smt 0, core 24, package 0, type P
cpu15 at mainbus0: apid 50 (application processor)
cpu15: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.88 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu15: smt 0, core 25, package 0, type P
cpu16 at mainbus0: apid 52 (application processor)
cpu16: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.56 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu16: smt 0, core 26, package 0, type P
cpu17 at mainbus0: apid 54 (application processor)
cpu17: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2100.88 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu17: smt 0, core 27, package 0, type P
cpu18 at mainbus0: apid 1 (application processor)
cpu18: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.50 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu18: smt 1, core 0, package 0, type SP
cpu19 at mainbus0: apid 3 (application processor)
cpu19: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.83 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu19: smt 1, core 1, package 0, type SP
cpu20 at mainbus0: apid 5 (application processor)
cpu20: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.82 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu20: smt 1, core 2, package 0, type SP
cpu21 at mainbus0: apid 7 (application processor)
cpu21: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.26 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu21: smt 1, core 3, package 0, type SP
cpu22 at mainbus0: apid 9 (application processor)
cpu22: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.80 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu22: smt 1, core 4, package 0, type SP
cpu23 at mainbus0: apid 17 (application processor)
cpu23: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.25 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu23: smt 1, core 8, package 0, type SP
cpu24 at mainbus0: apid 19 (application processor)
cpu24: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.52 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu24: smt 1, core 9, package 0, type SP
cpu25 at mainbus0: apid 21 (application processor)
cpu25: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.77 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu25: smt 1, core 10, package 0, type SP
cpu26 at mainbus0: apid 23 (application processor)
cpu26: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.33 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu26: smt 1, core 11, package 0, type SP
cpu27 at mainbus0: apid 33 (application processor)
cpu27: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.10 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu27: smt 1, core 16, package 0, type SP
cpu28 at mainbus0: apid 35 (application processor)
cpu28: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.53 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu28: smt 1, core 17, package 0, type SP
cpu29 at mainbus0: apid 37 (application processor)
cpu29: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.10 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu29: smt 1, core 18, package 0, type SP
cpu30 at mainbus0: apid 39 (application processor)
cpu30: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.53 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu30: smt 1, core 19, package 0, type SP
cpu31 at mainbus0: apid 41 (application processor)
cpu31: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.48 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu31: smt 1, core 20, package 0, type SP
cpu32 at mainbus0: apid 49 (application processor)
cpu32: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.65 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu32: smt 1, core 24, package 0, type SP
cpu33 at mainbus0: apid 51 (application processor)
cpu33: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.51 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu33: smt 1, core 25, package 0, type SP
cpu34 at mainbus0: apid 53 (application processor)
cpu34: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.44 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu34: smt 1, core 26, package 0, type SP
cpu35 at mainbus0: apid 55 (application processor)
cpu35: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v4 @ 2.10GHz, 2101.51 MHz, 06-4f-01, patch
0b000040
cpu35: smt 1, core 27, package 0, type SP
ioapic0 at mainbus0: apid 1 pa 0xfec00000, version 20, 24 pins
ioapic1 at mainbus0: apid 2 pa 0xfec01000, version 20, 24 pins
acpimcfg0 at acpi0
acpimcfg0: addr 0x80000000, bus 0-255
acpihpet0 at acpi0: 14318179 Hz
acpiprt0 at acpi0: bus 255 (UNC0)
acpiprt1 at acpi0: bus 0 (PCI0)
acpiprt2 at acpi0: bus 6 (RP05)
acpiprt3 at acpi0: bus 7 (BR80)
acpiprt4 at acpi0: bus 1 (BR1A)
acpiprt5 at acpi0: bus -1 (BR2C)
acpipci0 at acpi0 UNC0: 0x00000010 0x00000011 0x00000000
"ACPI0004" at acpi0 not configured
acpipci1 at acpi0 PCI0: 0x00000010 0x00000011 0x00000000
"PNP0003" at acpi0 not configured
acpicmos0 at acpi0
"PNP0501" at acpi0 not configured
"PNP0501" at acpi0 not configured
"IPI0001" at acpi0 not configured
acpibtn0 at acpi0: PWRB
"PNP0C33" at acpi0 not configured
"PNP0C14" at acpi0 not configured
"ACPI000D" at acpi0 not configured
acpicpu0 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu1 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu2 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu3 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu4 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu5 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu6 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu7 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu8 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu9 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu10 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu11 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu12 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu13 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu14 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu15 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu16 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu17 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu18 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu19 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu20 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu21 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu22 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu23 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu24 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu25 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu26 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu27 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu28 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu29 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu30 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu31 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu32 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu33 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu34 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
acpicpu35 at acpi0: C2(350@41 mwait.3@0x20), C1(1016@1 mwait.1), PSS
ipmi at mainbus0 not configured
cpu0: using VERW MDS workaround (except on vmm entry)
cpu0: Enhanced SpeedStep 2100 MHz: speeds: 2101, 2100, 2000, 1900, 1800, 1700,
1600, 1500, 1400, 1300, 1200 MHz
pci0 at mainbus0 bus 255
"Intel Xeon-D QPI Link" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 11 function 0 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D QPI Link" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 11 function 1 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D QPI Link" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 11 function 2 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D QPI Debug" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 11 function 3 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 12 function 0 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 12 function 1 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 12 function 2 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 12 function 3 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 12 function 4 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 12 function 5 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fe6 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 12 function 6 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fe7 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 12 function 7 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fe8 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 13 function 0 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fe9 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 13 function 1 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fea (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 13 function 2 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6feb (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 13 function 3 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fec (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 13 function 4 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fed (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 13 function 5 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fee (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 13 function 6 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fef (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 13 function 7 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6ff0 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 14 function 0 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6ff1 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 14 function 1 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 15 function 0 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 15 function 1 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6ffa (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 15 function 2 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6ffb (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 15 function 3 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 15 function 4 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 15 function 5 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Cache" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 15 function 6 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D PCIE" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 16 function 0 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 R2PCIe Agent" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 16 function 1 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Ubox" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 16 function 5 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Ubox" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 16 function 6 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Ubox" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 16 function 7 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Home Agent" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 18 function 0 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Home Agent" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 18 function 1 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6f60 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 18 function 4 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6f38 (class DASP subclass Time and Frequency,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 18 function 5 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 19 function 0 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 19 function 1 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 19 function 2 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 19 function 3 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 19 function 6 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 19 function 7 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 20 function 0 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 20 function 1 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 20 function 2 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 20 function 3 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 20 function 4 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 20 function 5 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 20 function 6 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Memory" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 20 function 7 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 RAS" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 22 function 0 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6f79 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 22 function 1 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6f6a (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 22 function 2 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6f6b (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 22 function 3 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DDRIO" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 22 function 6 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DDRIO" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 22 function 7 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 Thermal" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 23 function 0 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fd1 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 23 function 1 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fd2 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 23 function 2 not configured
vendor "Intel", unknown product 0x6fd3 (class system subclass miscellaneous,
rev 0x01) at pci0 dev 23 function 3 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DDRIO" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 23 function 4 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DDRIO" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 23 function 5 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DDRIO" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 23 function 6 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DDRIO" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 23 function 7 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D PCU" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 30 function 0 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D PCU" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 30 function 1 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D PCU" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 30 function 2 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D PCU" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 30 function 3 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D PCU" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 30 function 4 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D PCU" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 31 function 0 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D PCU" rev 0x01 at pci0 dev 31 function 2 not configured
pci1 at mainbus0 bus 0
pchb0 at pci1 dev 0 function 0 "Intel Xeon-D Host" rev 0x01
ppb0 at pci1 dev 1 function 0 "Intel Xeon-D PCIE" rev 0x01
pci2 at ppb0 bus 1
ppb1 at pci1 dev 2 function 0 "Intel Xeon-D PCIE" rev 0x01
pci3 at ppb1 bus 2
em0 at pci3 dev 0 function 0 "Intel I350" rev 0x01: msi, address
00:25:90:97:d4:de
em1 at pci3 dev 0 function 1 "Intel I350" rev 0x01: msi, address
00:25:90:97:d4:df
ppb2 at pci1 dev 3 function 0 "Intel Xeon-D PCIE" rev 0x01
pci4 at ppb2 bus 3
ppb3 at pci1 dev 3 function 2 "Intel Xeon-D PCIE" rev 0x01
pci5 at ppb3 bus 4
"Intel E5 v4 DMA" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 4 function 0 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DMA" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 4 function 1 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DMA" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 4 function 2 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DMA" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 4 function 3 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DMA" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 4 function 4 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DMA" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 4 function 5 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DMA" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 4 function 6 not configured
"Intel E5 v4 DMA" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 4 function 7 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Address Map" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 5 function 0 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D Hot Plug" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 5 function 1 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D RAS" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 5 function 2 not configured
"Intel Xeon-D I/O APIC" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 5 function 4 not configured
"Intel C610 MS SPSR" rev 0x05 at pci1 dev 17 function 0 not configured
xhci0 at pci1 dev 20 function 0 "Intel C610 xHCI" rev 0x05: msi, xHCI 1.0
usb0 at xhci0: USB revision 3.0
uhub0 at usb0 configuration 1 interface 0 "Intel xHCI root hub" rev 3.00/1.00
addr 1
"Intel C610 MEI" rev 0x05 at pci1 dev 22 function 0 not configured
"Intel C610 MEI" rev 0x05 at pci1 dev 22 function 1 not configured
"Intel C610 USB" rev 0x05 at pci1 dev 26 function 0 not configured
ppb4 at pci1 dev 28 function 0 "Intel C610 PCIE" rev 0xd5
pci6 at ppb4 bus 5
ppb5 at pci1 dev 28 function 4 "Intel C610 PCIE" rev 0xd5: msi
pci7 at ppb5 bus 6
ppb6 at pci7 dev 0 function 0 "ASPEED Technology AST1150 PCI" rev 0x03
pci8 at ppb6 bus 7
vga1 at pci8 dev 0 function 0 "ASPEED Technology AST2000" rev 0x30
wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation)
wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation)
"Intel C610 USB" rev 0x05 at pci1 dev 29 function 0 not configured
pcib0 at pci1 dev 31 function 0 "Intel C610 LPC" rev 0x05
ahci0 at pci1 dev 31 function 2 "Intel C610 AHCI" rev 0x05: msi, AHCI 1.3
ahci0: port 0: 6.0Gb/s
ahci0: port 1: 6.0Gb/s
scsibus1 at ahci0: 32 targets
sd0 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0: <ATA, INTEL SSDSC2KB03, XCV1> naa.55cd2e4155354a37
sd0: 3662830MB, 512 bytes/sector, 7501476528 sectors, thin
sd1 at scsibus1 targ 1 lun 0: <ATA, INTEL SSDSC2KB03, XCV1> naa.55cd2e4155354a2b
sd1: 3662830MB, 512 bytes/sector, 7501476528 sectors, thin
ichiic0 at pci1 dev 31 function 3 "Intel C610 SMBus" rev 0x05: apic 1 int 18
iic0 at ichiic0
pchtemp0 at pci1 dev 31 function 6 "Intel C610 Thermal" rev 0x05
isa0 at pcib0
isadma0 at isa0
com0 at isa0 port 0x3f8/8 irq 4: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo
com1 at isa0 port 0x2f8/8 irq 3: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo
pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5 irq 1 irq 12
vmm0 at mainbus0: VMX/EPT
enable mbufs in high memory
uhub1 at uhub0 port 14 configuration 1 interface 0 "ATEN International product
0x7000" rev 2.00/0.00 addr 2
uhidev0 at uhub1 port 1 configuration 1 interface 0 "ATEN International product
0x2419" rev 1.10/1.00 addr 3
uhidev0: iclass 3/1
ukbd0 at uhidev0
wskbd0 at ukbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0
uhidev1 at uhub1 port 1 configuration 1 interface 1 "ATEN International product
0x2419" rev 1.10/1.00 addr 3
uhidev1: iclass 3/1
ums0 at uhidev1: 3 buttons, Z dir
wsmouse0 at ums0 mux 0
vscsi0 at root
scsibus2 at vscsi0: 256 targets
softraid0 at root
scsibus3 at softraid0: 256 targets
sd2 at scsibus3 targ 1 lun 0: <OPENBSD, SR RAID 1, 006>
sd2: 30725MB, 512 bytes/sector, 62926013 sectors
sd3 at scsibus3 targ 2 lun 0: <OPENBSD, SR RAID 0, 006>
sd3: 7264208MB, 512 bytes/sector, 14877098752 sectors
root on sd2a (06f462fc41cffdbe.a) swap on sd2b dump on sd2b
>
> -Otto
>
> On Mon, Sep 21, 2026 at 02:36:39PM -0400, [email protected] wrote:
>
>>> Synopsis: ftpd fails to munmap on premature data socket disconnect
>>> inside send_data
>>> Category: system
>>> Environment:
>> System : OpenBSD 8.0
>> Details : OpenBSD 8.0-beta (PU.MP) #188: Thu Sep 10 07:29:06 EDT 2026
>>
>> [email protected]:/home/brian/sys/arch/amd64/compile/PU.MP
>>
>> Architecture: OpenBSD.amd64
>> Machine : amd64
>>> Description:
>> I witnessed a scenario where a user was downloading the majority of my
>> mirror using FTP with ~15 simultaneous connections. Normally this would not
>> be a problem except this user was disconnecting the data socket prematurely
>> for whatever reason.
>> Because SIGPIPE is wired up in ftpd, the send_data function never gets to
>> munmap. This lead to a scenario where I had ~57 GB of inactive memory used.
>> The inactive memory reduced the available memory for the UVM file cache
>> which caused unnecessary disk I/O.
>> Restarting ftpd did not release the inactive memory. The only solution
>> was to reboot the server or write a small program to malloc ~70 GB of memory
>> which was large enough to eat through the free and inactive memory. A third
>> solution, which is not viable
>> for obvious reasons, would be to delete the files. It is worth noting
>> that login classes cannot prevent the ballooning.
>>> How-To-Repeat:
>> Initiate an FTP download of a small file (under 16 MB) and disconnect the
>> data socket before the download finishes. Do this repeatedly across many
>> unique files until you witness the inactive memory balloon.
>> Here is a simple program that calls mmap and does not munmap. When this
>> program exits, the inactive memory will remain. This is normally not an
>> issue except it does block UVM file cache from growing which causes
>> unnecessary disk I/O. Delete the data
>> directory to return the inactive memory to the free bucket.
>>
>> // mkdir data; for i in `seq 0 4095`; do dd if=/dev/urandom
>> of=data/test$i.txt bs=1m count=2; done
>>
>> #include <sys/stat.h>
>> #include <sys/mman.h>
>> #include <stdio.h>
