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The Al Mohler Crosswalk Commentary � 
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Tuesday, August 24, 2004

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>>  Are You Retro or Metro? Culture War from the Left

Are you Retro or Metro? That's the question raised by a series of
unusual advertisements placed in some of the nation's leading
newspapers. Featuring the question in bold relief, the ads portray
"Retro Americans" as backward, rural, conservative, and Christian, while
"Metro Americans" are forward-thinking, technological, urbane, and
sophisticated--as well as secular. Newspaper readers have been
scratching their heads for days, wondering about the meaning of these
odd representations. Now we know--these ads are nothing less than a
declaration of culture war from the Left.

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The "Metro versus Retro" campaign is the brainchild of John Sperling, an
eccentric eighty-three year old billionaire most famous as the founder
of the University of Phoenix, the nation's largest for-profit academic
institution. Sperling has an agenda--a big one--and that's to push the
Democratic Party to the far left, arguing that it must leave behind any
hope of securing a political base among Retro Americans. While the
thought of an even more liberal Democratic Party may be enough to send
shivers down the national spine, a closer look at Sperling's agenda is
even scarier.

Though the newspaper ads are minimalist, Sperling and four coauthors
have released a massive book distributed through Amazon.com. In The
Great Divide: Retro versus Metro America, Sperling and his associates
set out an audacious plan to divide America along class, culture, and
religious lines.

Starting with a map of the nation, The Great Divide assigns a Metro or
Retro label to each state. "Geographically, America is two nations. We
call these two nations Retro and Metro America. Retro America is defined
by the South, the Midwest, and the Rocky Mountain states; Metro America
by the two coasts and the Great Lakes states," they argue. These states
are roughly analogous to the "red states" and "blue states" that are now
a staple of modern political analysis. Even as Red America voted
overwhelmingly for George Bush, the Blue states voted for Al Gore.

The Great Divide is a convoluted argument filled with inconsistencies
and odd-ball claims. The work falls short as a work of serious sociology
or cultural analysis, but it is profoundly meaningful as a prophetic
warning of what at least some on the Left would hope to see in an
all-out culture war in America.

Sperling and his team direct their aim at the South, the Rocky Mountain
states, and the Midwest as centers of backwardness, Christian
conservatism, agricultural values, and "extraction industries."
According to their analysis, the Metro states are associated with the
Democratic Party, while the Retro states are largely Republican. Though
some form of cultural division has marked American life throughout most
of the nation's history, Sperling and his coauthors argue that the
cultural divide is now reaching an acute stage.

These authors write with an attitude of condescension that is nothing
less than astounding, and their confidence in their grasp of both facts
and analysis is undermined by their eccentric and self-serving
conclusions. The Great Divide simply separates Americans along lines of
class, education, Christian conviction, aesthetic taste, and rural
versus metropolitan residents. As a piece of cultural analysis, the book
is crude, reductionistic, and lacking in seriousness. As a text for
political analysis, the book is both extreme and cruel. As a factor in
our current cultural debates, the book is nothing less than scary. John
Sperling is adamantly opposed to everything George Bush represents, and
he is opposed to virtually everything President George W. Bush has done.
He wants to revamp the nation's economy, reshape the nation's political
debate, and even restructure the American government. He points to the
Constitutional Convention of 1789 as an example of Retro supremacy.
Retro America's political and economic power is rooted in the U.S.
Constitution's failure to provide for an absolute democracy. Sperling
and his associates call for the elimination of the Electoral College,
and they describe the Senate as "a mockery of democracy." The Great
Divide offers an unembarrassed elitist vision of America, calling for
the smart people who live in the cities to seize power from the dumb
folk who live on farms and in states located in the South and what the
Hollywood elite calls "fly-over country." The big states, which tend to
be Metro, should seize power from the smaller states, which tend to be
Retro. "Over the past 200 years, America has paid a terrible price for
the senatorial power of the small states, especially the veto power that
can be exercised by one-third of the Senate."

The book also suggests that large metropolitan areas might just declare
themselves to be states, claiming representation in the U.S. Senate and
expanding Metro power in Congress's upper chamber. Throughout the book,
the authors argue that the dominance of agriculture and the "extraction
industries" explain much of the backwardness of the South and other
Retro regions. These extraction industries would include oil, coal, and
other fossil-fuel industries. Energy is a big issue for The Great
Divide's authors. As they see it, Retro America is largely funded by
Metro America's dependence upon these backward states for fuel and
energy needs. In a statement that might charitably be described as
eccentric, the authors argue, "Although Metro America is gaining
increasing independence from Retro energy, the current arrangement of
energy flow from Retro to Metro and money flow from Metro to Retro is
the product of historical precedence and political power rather than
rational economic arrangement." What in the world can this mean?

How are we to understand that Metro America is "gaining increasing
independence" from energy needs? Is New York City's electricity now
derived from millions of yuppies riding stationary bikes attached to
electric generators? Is Los Angeles piping in power from another planet
without telling the rest of the country? Are New Age channelers
directing new and undisclosed energy sources to San Francisco, Portland,
and Seattle?

Virtually all Americans would agree that independence from fossil fuels
would be a great gain for the nation. Nevertheless, it is precisely
liberals like John Sperling who have closed off virtually any other
alternative. The obvious alternative to fossil fuels for electric
generation is the building of additional atomic energy plants. But
nuclear power--which produces virtually no air pollution and requires no
foreign dependence--is vehemently opposed by the very people who oppose
the use of fossil fuels.

Readers will hardly be shocked to know that The Great Divide's authors
hate Wal-Mart and McDonald's--places none of them are likely to
frequent. These authors are about as likely to be seen eating a Big Mac
while headed for Wal-Mart as Ronald McDonald is likely to be seen
crossing the graduation platform at Harvard or Yale. They hate
mainstream America and everything it represents. They also oppose
agricultural values and see family farms and agricultural communities as
hopelessly mired in conservative values. And yet, though they appear to
hate farms, they apparently still want to eat. Go figure.

According to their analysis, dumb people live in the South and in rural
areas while smart people--the "creative class"--head for metropolitan
areas such as San Francisco, Boston, New York, and the like. As they
explain, "creative people move to these places because of the abundant,
high-quality amenities and the opportunity to validate their identities
as creative people. There is a vibrancy of street life, cafe culture,
arts, music, and outdoor activities. These people also seem to care
about physical fitness and access to outdoor activities and the
wilderness. They want to live in a safe and clean environment."

By inference, we should assume that conservative and thus "uncreative"
people continue to live in the South, in the Midwest, in the Rocky
Mountain states, and in rural contexts because they love fast food,
cherish low-quality amenities, neglect physical fitness, and are happy
to live in unsafe and unclean environments. All this is due, we must
presume, to the fact that they lack interest in "validating" their
identities as creative people.

Just think of this--if a conservative billionaire and his cronies bought
a series of well-placed advertisements in leading national newspapers,
describing liberals, metropolitan residents, and northerners in these
terms, the national media would be in an absolute uproar.

The Great Divide is nothing less than a declaration of culture war
against conservative values and the Americans who hold them. The work is
filled with hate, cultural condescension, and bizarre proposals backed
up with harebrained analysis. Nevertheless, the book's greatest insult
to the American character is its all-out assault on Christian
conviction. This book assaults mainstream America and authentic
Christianity. How will the prophets of cultural "tolerance" respond to
this?

____________________________________

R. Albert Mohler, Jr. is president of The Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky.  For more articles and resources by
Dr. Mohler, and for information on The Albert Mohler Program, a daily
national radio program broadcast on the Salem Radio Network, go to
www.albertmohler.com.  For information on The Southern Baptist
Theological Seminary, go to www.sbts.edu.  Send feedback to
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