There may also be some ambiguity about which kinds of failures are meant to be included among the "failed breeders". The phrase does seem to cover individuals who fail in the midst of breeding (losing their eggs or unfledged young to predation or accident), but what about those who fail earlier in the attempt (being eliminated in the competitions to secure desirable patches of ground or obtain mates), or those who just fail to breed (join the northward migration, but don't make it all the way to the breeding grounds, or do get there but then make little or no attempt to reproduce)? With several kinds of failures occurring at different points in the breeding calendar, there might be several waves of early south-bounders to confound the picture.

-Geo



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