I don't have a list to add here, as my review on the topic awaits feedback on 
the corrections (self-advertisement πŸ˜‡) but perhaps we should consider that 
machine learning and AI are two different beasts. Admittingly, I don't always 
make a proper distinction either.

Surely, many of us get their heads around machine learning, which usually 
covers so called shallow learners that firmly sit in well-known concepts of 
statistics. This type of machine learning doesn't require many resources and is 
accessible to almost anyone with an average laptop. Plenty of software in MX 
and EM use these tools and no-one every thinks about them.

I think, Andrea, perhaps, was looking more into the direction of AI (based on 
so many cryo-EM references listed πŸ™‚, where this is a standard tool), which 
requires a lot more understanding and thought as well as resources and would 
appear to many as a magic black box. This type of machine learning has only 
recently taken off due to huge leaps in hardware development, which many of us 
can't afford to buy, unless it is provided through some shared resource. Having 
said that, an average graphics card GPU is often a good start. And if one isn't 
the book reading kind (usually due to lack of time), there are lots of good 
blogs, videos and other online resources to get one into the basics.

The papers that should clearly be added, are those for protein structure 
prediction, as, in a way, they determine a structure, albeit with a different 
kind of experiment:

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2021/07/19/science.abj8754
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2

Cheers

M
________________________________
From: CCP4 bulletin board <CCP4BB@JISCMAIL.AC.UK> on behalf of Nave, Colin 
(DLSLtd,RAL,LSCI) <000064fdcfc6624b-dmarc-requ...@jiscmail.ac.uk>
Sent: 04 August 2021 09:34
To: CCP4BB@JISCMAIL.AC.UK <CCP4BB@JISCMAIL.AC.UK>
Subject: Re: [ccp4bb] AI papers in experimental macromolecular structure 
determination

Bernhard
What qualifies? Good question.
There are plenty of books on AI/machine learning but, as always, it is more 
efficient/lazier to read reviews than the books themselves. I think the London 
Review of Books allows limited access to its articles so most should be able to 
read this
https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v43/n02/paul-taylor/insanely-complicated-hopelessly-inadequate?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F
It might be interesting (though perhaps not useful)  to classify the examples 
for macromolecular structure determination in to categories such as GOFAI etc. 
However, this particular term is rather pejorative as it would mean describing 
the developers as old fashioned!

Colin




-----Original Message-----
From: CCP4 bulletin board <CCP4BB@JISCMAIL.AC.UK> On Behalf Of Bernhard Rupp
Sent: 03 August 2021 21:00
To: CCP4BB@JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: Re: [ccp4bb] AI papers in experimental macromolecular structure 
determination

Maybe we should get to the root of this - what qualifies as machine learning 
and what not?

Do nonparametric predictors such as KDE qualify?

https://www.ruppweb.org/mattprob/default.html

Happy toa dd to the confusion.

-----Original Message-----
From: CCP4 bulletin board <CCP4BB@JISCMAIL.AC.UK> On Behalf Of Tim Gruene
Sent: Tuesday, August 3, 2021 11:59
To: CCP4BB@JISCMAIL.AC.UK
Subject: Re: [ccp4bb] AI papers in experimental macromolecular structure 
determination

Hello Andrea,

profile fitting, like it is done in mosflm
(https://doi.org/10.1107/S090744499900846X) or evalccd, or ... probably also 
qualify as AI/machine learning.

Best wishes,
Tim

On Tue, 3 Aug 2021 11:43:06 +0000
"Thorn, Dr. Andrea" <andrea.th...@uni-hamburg.de> wrote:

> Dear colleagues,
> I have compiled a list of papers that cover the application of
> AI/machine learning methods in single-crystal structure determination
> (mostly macromolecular crystallography) and single-particle Cryo-EM.
> The draft list is attached below.
>
> If I missed any papers, please let me know. I will send the final list
> back here, for the benefit of all who are interested in the topic.
>
> Best wishes,
>
>
> Andrea.
>
>
> __
> General:
> - Gopalakrishnan, V., Livingston, G., Hennessy, D., Buchanan, B. &
> Rosenberg, J. M. (2004). Acta Cryst D. 60, 1705–1716.
> - Morris, R. J. (2004). Acta Cryst D. 60, 2133–2143.
>
> Micrograph preparation:
> - (2020). Journal of Structural Biology. 210, 107498.
>
> Particle Picking:
> - Sanchez-Garcia, R., Segura, J., Maluenda, D., Carazo, J. M. &
> Sorzano, C. O. S. (2018). IUCrJ. 5, 854–865.
> - Al-Azzawi, A., Ouadou, A., Tanner, J. J. & Cheng, J. (2019). BMC
> Bioinformatics. 20, 1–26.
> - George, B., Assaiya, A., Roy, R. J., Kembhavi, A., Chauhan, R.,
> Paul, G., Kumar, J. & Philip, N. S. (2021). Commun Biol. 4, 1–12.
> - Lata, K. R., Penczek, P. & Frank, J. (1995). Ultramicroscopy. 58,
> 381–391.
> - Nguyen, N. P., Ersoy, I., Gotberg, J., Bunyak, F. & White, T. A.
> (2021). BMC Bioinformatics. 22, 1–28.
> - Wang, F., Gong, H., Liu, G., Li, M., Yan, C., Xia, T., Li, X. &
> Zeng, J. (2016). Journal of Structural Biology. 195, 325–336.
> - Wong, H. C., Chen, J., Mouche, F., Rouiller, I. & Bern, M. (2004).
> Journal of Structural Biology. 145, 157–167.
>
> Motion description in Cryo-EM:
> - Matsumoto, S., Ishida, S., Araki, M., Kato, T., Terayama, K. &
> Okuno, Y. (2021). Nat Mach Intell. 3, 153–160.
> - Zhong, E. D., Bepler, T., Berger, B. & Davis, J. H. (2021). Nat
> Methods. 18, 176–185.
>
> Local resolution:
> - Avramov, T. K., Vyenielo, D., Gomez-Blanco, J., Adinarayanan, S.,
> Vargas, J. & Si, D. (2019). Molecules. 24, 1181.
> - RamΓ­rez-Aportela, E., Mota, J., Conesa, P., Carazo, J. M. & Sorzano,
> C. O. S. (2019). IUCrJ. 6, 1054–1063.
> - (2021). QAEmap: A Novel Local Quality Assessment Method for Protein
> Crystal Structures Using Machine Learning.
>
> Map post-processing:
> - Sanchez-Garcia, R., Gomez-Blanco, J., Cuervo, A., Carazo, J. M.,
> Sorzano, C. O. S. & Vargas, J. (2020). BioRxiv. 2020.06.12.148296.
>
> Secondary structure assignment in map:
> - Subramaniya, S. R. M. V., Terashi, G. & Kihara, D. (2019). Nat
> Methods. 16, 911–917.
> - Li, R., Si, D., Zeng, T., Ji, S. & He, J. (2016). 2016 IEEE
> International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM),
> Vol. pp. 41–46.
> - Si, D., Ji, S., Nasr, K. A. & He, J. (2012). Biopolymers. 97,
> 698–708.
> - He, J. & Huang, S.-Y. Brief Bioinform.
> - Lyu, Z., Wang, Z., Luo, F., Shuai, J. & Huang, Y. (2021). Frontiers
> in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 9,.
> - Mostosi, P., Schindelin, H., Kollmannsberger, P. & Thorn, A.
> (2020). Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
>
> Automatic structure building:
> - Alnabati, E. & Kihara, D. (2020). Molecules. 25, 82.
> - Si, D., Moritz, S. A., Pfab, J., Hou, J., Cao, R., Wang, L., Wu, T.
> & Cheng, J. (2020). Sci Rep. 10, 1–22.
> - Moritz, S. A., Pfab, J., Wu, T., Hou, J., Cheng, J., Cao, R., Wang,
> L. & Si, D. (2019).
> - Chojnowski, G., Pereira, J. & Lamzin, V. S. (2019). Acta Cryst D.
> 75, 753–763.
>
> Crystallization:
> - Liu, R., Freund, Y. & Spraggon, G. (2008). Acta Cryst D. 64,
> 1187–1195.
> - (2004). Methods. 34, 390–407.
> - Bruno, A. E., Charbonneau, P., Newman, J., Snell, E. H., So, D. R.,
> Vanhoucke, V., Watkins, C. J., Williams, S. & Wilson, J. (2018). PLOS
> ONE. 13, e0198883.
>
> Crystal centering:
> - Ito, S., Ueno, G. & Yamamoto, M. (2019). J Synchrotron Rad. 26,
> 1361–1366.
> - Crystal centering using deep learning in X-ray crystallography.
> - Elbasir, A., Moovarkumudalvan, B., Kunji, K., Kolatkar, P. R., Mall,
> R. & Bensmail, H. (2019). Bioinformatics. 35, 2216–2225.
>
> Diffraction image analysis:
> - Czyzewski, A., Krawiec, F., Brzezinski, D., Porebski, P. J. & Minor,
> W. (2021). Expert Systems with Applications. 174, 114740.
>
> Peak search in serial crystallography:
> Ke, T.-W., Brewster, A. S., Yu, S. X., Ushizima, D., Yang, C. &
> Sauter, N. K. (2018). J Synchrotron Rad. 25, 655–670.
>
> Space group assignment from diffraction image (small molecules):
> Aguiar, J. A., Gong, M. L., Unocic, R. R., Tasdizen, T. & Miller, B.
> D. (2019). Science Advances. 5, eaaw1949.
>
> Data quality assessment in MX:
> - Vollmar, M., Parkhurst, J. M., Jaques, D., BaslΓ©, A., Murshudov, G.
> N., Waterman, D. G. & Evans, G. (2020). IUCrJ. 7, 342–354.
>
> Ligand recognition:
> Kowiel, M., Brzezinski, D., Porebski, P. J., Shabalin, I. G.,
> Jaskolski, M. & Minor, W. (2019). Bioinformatics. 35, 452–461.
>
> Prediction of missing atoms in small molecular structures:
> Thomas, N., Smidt, T., Kearnes, S., Yang, L., Li, L., Kohlhoff, K. &
> Riley, P. (2018).
>
> ADP estimation (small molecules):
> Gagner, V. A., Jensen, M. & Katona, G. (2021). Mach. Learn.: Sci.
> Technol. 2, 035033.
>
>
> --
> Dr. Andrea Thorn | group leader
> andrea.th...@uni-hamburg.de
>
> Institute for Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, UniversitΓ€t
> Hamburg Luruper Chaussee 149 / Bldg. 610 (HARBOR) | 22761 Hamburg |
> Germany Tel. +49 (0)40 42838 3651
> www.thorn-lab.de<http://www.thorn-lab.de> | 
> www.insidecorona.net<http://www.insidecorona.net>
>
>
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Tim Gruene
Head of the Centre for X-ray Structure Analysis Faculty of Chemistry University 
of Vienna

Phone: +43-1-4277-70202

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