Dear Flavio,
That does seem to me a bit of a mystery that you have there. Ie It isn’t as if 
you are doing back soaking ie now with a mother liquor minus a heavy atom. 
Hopefully others will provide insights,
Best wishes,
John 
Emeritus Professor John R Helliwell DSc

> On 22 Apr 2025, at 10:04, Flavio Di Pisa <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> 
> Dear community,
> 
> I’ve observed differences when crystallizing the same protein using two 
> different setups: microbatch under (Al’s) oil and vapor diffusion sitting 
> drop.
> 
> The protein crystallizes in a condition containing 50 mM cadmium as one of 
> the precipitating agents. In the sitting drop setup, I observe 2 well-defined 
> cadmium ions at the so-called mineralization site (please see PDB entry 5lg8 
> and the related paper: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1614302114), 
> with occupancies close to 1, as confirmed by the anomalous signal, plus other 
> "anomalous blob" near to this site.
> 
> However, in the microbatch under oil setup, I never observe these cadmium 
> ions. Instead, I consistently detect only one cadmium ion with high 
> occupancy, and occasionally a second one with lower occupancy.
> 
> In summary, crystallizing the same protein using these two setups results in 
> different metal-binding behavior.
> 
> My question is: could it be that in microbatch under oil, ions might diffuse 
> away from the mineralization site? Could this account for the reduced number 
> of cadmium ions observed? Additionally, and more importantly, could the 
> crystallization setup influence the soaking efficiency of other metals, such 
> as iron (the natural substrate of this protein)?
> 
> I’ve attached two screenshots:
> 
> One (orange blob) represents the protein crystallized via vapor diffusion, 
> showing two well-defined anomalous peaks.
> 
> The other shows the same site in a crystal grown via microbatch, where only 
> one anomalous signal (in white) is visible.
> 
> I hope I’ve been clear. Thank you in advance, and I wish you all a great day!
> 
> Best regards,
> Flavio
> 
> 
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> <Schermata del 2025-04-22 10-54-23.png>
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