>So they inoculate with an inert version of the bacteria that causes the
>infection? Didn't know you could stymie bacteria like that?

Vaccines for bacterial disease (like leptospirosis in dogs for instance) do not 
cause the disease (that would certainly be undesirable), they use inactive or 
killed bacteria that stimulate an immune reaction to the antigens in the 
bacteria. The T-cells can then "jump into action" when a live bacteria of the 
same strain is encountered. 

We actually do tend to WAY over-vaccinate our pets. Generally the only reason 
to re-vaccinate is in cases like the flu where the infectious agent mutates (we 
don't for instance get most childhood vaccines throughout our lives since those 
give lifelong immunity). Most vaccines for pets are not changed year-to-year so 
there is little reason to vaccinate past the original series of shots they get. 
There is a big push right on doing more research on immunity several years out 
so we can extend the time between shots for things like rabies that are often 
state requirements. 


MJS



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