It's six one way - half a dozen the other. Personally I like decimal but for those "brain freeze" moments it's nice to know the binary also, just to get back on track or to check the other method .. However the examples below didn't take into account for the zero or ones.. Instead of 16 there should be 14 subnets. Than again, you could use SUBNET ZERO on the router. my pennies worth Rick Message Posted at: http://www.groupstudy.com/form/read.php?f=7&i=15580&t=15580 -------------------------------------------------- FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/cisco.html Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]