See https://groups.google.com/d/topic/clojure/2dHvX7bf7nA/discussion, 
http://stackoverflow.com/a/22409846/1756702, where the old and new state of 
an atom is returned using the lower-level compare-and-set! operation.

On Tuesday, April 8, 2014 10:41:50 AM UTC-5, John Hume wrote:
>
> I sometimes find that after mutating an atom, I want to create some 
> side-effect that depends on the old and new state as well as the context in 
> which the change was made. Because of the dependence on context, a watch 
> doesn't work (unless there's something I'm not thinking of). So I add 
> things to the new atom state (returned by swap!) purely to tell the calling 
> code what side-effect to have (or give it the data it needs to decide what 
> side-effect to have). That additional state isn't used anywhere other than 
> the fn that called swap!.
>
> One gotcha to this approach is that one must be careful not to leave some 
> old side-effect causing state in place to cause another side-effect based 
> on stale data.
>
> Is there a name for this pattern? A standard way of implementing it? A 
> better alternative?
>
> One alternative I'm aware of is using mutable locals (provided by 
> https://github.com/ztellman/proteus) as a side-channel of communication 
> from swap!. Both approaches strike me as messy, though a let-mutable 
> probably makes it more obvious that something funny is going on, and it 
> doesn't pollute the atom.
>
> Thanks.
> -hume.
>

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