Thanks for the historical perspective, puzzler! 

In addition to performance considerations, *Clojure Programming* points to 
an inconsistency between hash codes for longs and BigIntegers as a 
motivation. 

Using the example number from that excellent book on Clojure 1.5.1 (on Java 
8, FWIW), I can cause this:

#{6948736584 (biginteger 6948736584)}

; => #{6948736584 6948736584}


#{6948736584 (bigint 6948736584)}

; => IllegalArgumentException Duplicate key: 6948736584  
clojure.lang.PersistentHashSet.createWithCheck (PersistentHashSet.java:56)

(System/getProperty "java.version")

; => "1.8.0_05"


(clojure-version)

; => "1.5.1"


On Clojure 1.6, thankfully both fail, even in the face of the inconsistency 
between .hashCode implementations. If that essentially addresses the 2nd 
rationale for introducing a special BigInt class, maybe with both things 
being fixed with Java 8 and Clojure 1.6 BigInteger could come back as the 
sole arbitrary precision representation of ℤ.

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