GitHub user Nickalus12 added a comment to the discussion: Can't build docker 
images based on slim-2.8.0 or higher

This is a classic symptom of the transition from Debian 11 (Bullseye) to Debian 
12 (Bookworm). Airflow 2.7.3 images were Bullseye-based, but 2.8.0 shifted the 
default to Bookworm.

The GPG "NO_PUBKEY" and "invalid signature" errors are usually a red herring in 
CI environments. The real issue is almost always that your GitLab runner's host 
is running an older version of Docker or `libseccomp` that doesn't support the 
syscalls (like `faccessat2` or `clone3`) that Bookworm’s `apt` and `gpg` now 
rely on. When the syscall is blocked by an outdated seccomp profile, `apt` 
fails to verify signatures and throws these misleading errors.

You can usually fix this by updating your GitLab runner's Docker version (to 
20.10.10+ at a minimum) or ensuring the `docker:dind` service version you're 
using in your `.gitlab-ci.yml` is current. I believe switching to 
`docker:24-dind` or `docker:27-dind` often resolves this immediately.

If you can't touch the runner infrastructure, you might be able to work around 
it by temporarily using a more permissive security policy in your build 
command, though this depends on your runner's configuration:

```bash
docker build --security-opt seccomp=unconfined .
```

Also, a quick check on your Dockerfile: make sure you're switching to `USER 
root` before running those `apt` commands. Airflow's slim images default to 
`USER airflow` (UID 50000), and while that usually causes a "Permission denied" 
error, it can occasionally cause weirdness with local keyrings during `apt-get 
update`.

```dockerfile
FROM apache/airflow:slim-2.11.2-python3.10
USER root
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y ...
USER airflow
```

I'd bet on the Docker-in-Docker version/host compatibility being the primary 
culprit here, though. Bookworm is much pickier about the container runtime than 
Bullseye was.

GitHub link: 
https://github.com/apache/airflow/discussions/64583#discussioncomment-16412645

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