kaxil commented on code in PR #62922:
URL: https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/62922#discussion_r4338223595


##########
task-sdk/src/airflow/sdk/execution_time/task_runner.py:
##########
@@ -955,6 +990,633 @@ def mark_success_url(self) -> str:
         return self.log_url
 
 
+class CheckpointDeserializationError(Exception):
+    """An indexed task's checkpoint holds a value serde refuses to restore, 
such as a class off the allow-list."""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class IndexedTaskState:
+    status: TaskInstanceState
+    result: Any | None = None
+    # Outlet asset events the indexed task recorded on a previous successful 
attempt. Outlet events
+    # only reach the server on the parent's success payload 
(_handle_current_task_success), so an
+    # attempt that fails never registers what its succeeded indexed tasks 
emitted. An indexed task skipped
+    # on retry (because it already succeeded) never re-executes, so it never 
re-emits into the
+    # fresh OutletEventAccessors created for the new attempt; persisting a 
snapshot here lets
+    # IndexedTaskLifecycle replay it, which is the only way those events 
survive, and it
+    # cannot double-emit because the failed attempt sent nothing.
+    outlet_events: list[dict[str, Any]] | None = None
+    # Digest of the input the indexed task ran with. An index only means the 
same work while its input
+    # is the same, so a checkpoint is honoured on a later attempt only when 
this still matches:
+    # after the upstream was cleared and produced other values, the indexed 
task runs again.
+    fingerprint: str | None = None
+    # The attempt that wrote the checkpoint. After a manual clear only the 
checkpoints written since
+    # are resumed from (see Checkpoints), which this tells apart from those 
left by the run before.
+    try_number: int = 0
+    # The other XComs the indexed task pushed, by their key before the index 
suffix. The runner deletes
+    # every XCom before an attempt, so an indexed task skipped on retry has 
them pushed again from here,
+    # next to its result, as a mapped task instance that succeeded keeps its 
own.
+    xcoms: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+
+    def record_outlet_events(self, accessors: OutletEventAccessors) -> None:
+        """
+        Keep a JSON-safe snapshot of the outlet asset events the indexed task 
recorded.
+
+        Persisted with the checkpoint so a later attempt can 
:meth:`replay_outlet_events` when
+        the indexed task is skipped because it already succeeded.
+        """
+        events: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+        for _asset_or_alias, accessor in accessors.items():
+            if isinstance(accessor.key, AssetUniqueKey):
+                events.append(
+                    {
+                        "kind": "asset",
+                        "name": accessor.key.name,
+                        "uri": accessor.key.uri,
+                        "extra": accessor.extra,
+                        "partition_keys": sorted(accessor.partition_keys),
+                    }
+                )
+            for alias_event in accessor.asset_alias_events:
+                events.append(
+                    {
+                        "kind": "asset_alias",
+                        "source_alias_name": alias_event.source_alias_name,
+                        "dest_asset_key": {
+                            "name": alias_event.dest_asset_key.name,
+                            "uri": alias_event.dest_asset_key.uri,
+                        },
+                        "dest_asset_extra": alias_event.dest_asset_extra,
+                        "extra": alias_event.extra,
+                    }
+                )
+        if events:
+            self.outlet_events = events
+
+    def replay_outlet_events(self, target: OutletEventAccessorsProtocol) -> 
None:
+        """
+        Re-emit into ``target`` the events the indexed task recorded on a 
previous attempt.
+
+        An indexed task skipped on retry (because it already succeeded) never 
re-executes, so it
+        never re-emits into the fresh ``OutletEventAccessors`` created for the 
new attempt. The
+        failed attempt sent nothing to the server either (outlet events travel 
only on the success
+        payload), so replaying cannot emit an event twice; without it the 
events would be lost.
+        They land in the parent's accessors as 
:meth:`IndexedTaskRunner.merge_outlet_events_into`
+        lands the live ones: one event per asset per task instance.
+        """
+        for event in self.outlet_events or ():
+            if event["kind"] == "asset":
+                accessor = target[Asset(name=event["name"], uri=event["uri"])]
+                accessor.extra.update(event["extra"])
+                if event["partition_keys"]:
+                    accessor.add_partitions(event["partition_keys"])
+            else:
+                
target[AssetAlias(name=event["source_alias_name"])].asset_alias_events.append(
+                    AssetAliasEvent(
+                        source_alias_name=event["source_alias_name"],
+                        
dest_asset_key=AssetUniqueKey(**event["dest_asset_key"]),
+                        dest_asset_extra=event["dest_asset_extra"],
+                        extra=event["extra"],
+                    )
+                )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_key(index: int) -> str:
+        # The task state store is already scoped to the parent task instance 
(dag, run, task and
+        # map index), so the key carries no identity, only a namespace that 
keeps the operator's own
+        # entries apart from anything user code stores from inside an indexed 
task.
+        return f"_iterable_{index}"
+
+    def serialize(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        # The checkpoint travels to the supervisor as a JsonValue, which 
rejects anything that is not
+        # plain JSON (tuples, datetimes, models, ...). Serde turns those into 
JSON-compatible
+        # structures and restores them on read, exactly as XCom does with the 
same result.
+        data: dict[str, Any] = {"status": self.status.value}
+        if self.result is not None:
+            data["result"] = serde_serialize(self.result)
+        if self.outlet_events:
+            data["outlet_events"] = self.outlet_events
+        if self.fingerprint:
+            data["fingerprint"] = self.fingerprint
+        if self.try_number:
+            data["try_number"] = self.try_number
+        if self.xcoms:
+            data["xcoms"] = {key: serde_serialize(value) for key, value in 
self.xcoms.items()}
+        return data
+
+    @classmethod
+    def deserialize(cls, raw: Any) -> IndexedTaskState | None:
+        """
+        Restore a checkpoint, or None when there is none.
+
+        A result or XCom value serde fails to restore raises 
:class:`CheckpointDeserializationError`:
+        a class off the allow-list (``ImportError``), one it has no 
deserializer for or whose
+        constructor refuses the data (``TypeError``), a pydantic model that 
changed since the
+        checkpoint was written (``ValidationError``, a ``ValueError``), or 
whatever else a class
+        raises. Refused once, it is refused on every retry. ``raw`` is already 
read, so nothing
+        transient can fail here, and every failure is taken as a refusal.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(raw, Mapping):
+            return None
+        try:
+            result = serde_deserialize(raw.get("result"))
+            xcoms = (
+                {key: serde_deserialize(value) for key, value in 
raw["xcoms"].items()}
+                if raw.get("xcoms")
+                else None
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise CheckpointDeserializationError(str(e)) from e
+        return cls(
+            status=TaskInstanceState(raw["status"]),
+            result=result,
+            outlet_events=raw.get("outlet_events"),
+            fingerprint=raw.get("fingerprint"),
+            try_number=raw.get("try_number", 0),
+            xcoms=xcoms,
+        )
+
+
+class IndexedTaskInstance(RuntimeTaskInstance):
+    """
+    Indexed task instance to run a mapped operator.
+
+    It shares the parent task instance's identity, so what an iteration pushes 
or stores lands in
+    the parent's scope, suffixed with the index so that iterations never 
overwrite each other:
+    XComs through :meth:`xcom_push`, task state through 
:attr:`task_state_store`. Reading back
+    follows the same rule: :meth:`xcom_pull` of the iteration's own XComs adds 
the index, a pull
+    from another task does not, as the store's accessor adds it to every key 
of its own. The
+    operator's own checkpoints go to the parent's store unsuffixed, under their
+    ``_iterable_<index>`` keys.
+    """
+
+    index: int
+    parent_task_state_store: TaskStateStoreAccessor
+    input_fingerprint: str | None = None
+    # The XComs the indexed task pushed other than its return value, by their 
key before the index
+    # suffix: kept in memory while it runs and written once, with its SUCCESS 
checkpoint.
+    pushed_xcoms: dict[str, Any] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+    # The params processed for this index's operator when they differ from the 
iterated task's:
+    # the index iterates ``params``, or the operator set its own. None when 
the parent's apply.
+    own_params: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_indexed_task(
+        cls, *, context: Context, index: int, operator: BaseOperator, 
input_fingerprint: str | None = None
+    ) -> IndexedTaskInstance:
+        """
+        Create the runtime instance for one index of an iterated task from the 
parent's context.
+
+        The instance shares the parent task instance's identity (id, run, map 
index, try number and
+        retry budget), so XComs and task state land in the parent's scope, and 
carries the unmapped
+        operator for that index. The budget is the parent's ``max_tries`` 
rather than the operator's
+        ``retries``: a manual clear raises it, and it is the parent Airflow 
retries. The parent's
+        state store comes from the context, the same accessor the operator's
+        checkpoints use. ``model_construct`` skips Pydantic validation on 
purpose: one instance is built per
+        indexed task, and the parent was validated already, so only the index 
needs checking here.
+        """
+        if index < 0:
+            raise ValueError(f"IndexedTaskInstance requires index >= 0, got 
{index}")
+        parent = context["ti"]
+        return cls.model_construct(
+            id=parent.id,
+            parent_task_state_store=context["task_state_store"],
+            # The parent's: an iteration's XComs and state belong to the task 
instance that runs it.
+            task_id=parent.task_id,
+            dag_id=operator.dag_id,
+            run_id=parent.run_id,
+            map_index=parent.map_index,
+            region_id=getattr(parent, "region_id", None),
+            region_index=getattr(parent, "region_index", None),
+            index=index,
+            input_fingerprint=input_fingerprint,
+            max_tries=parent.max_tries,
+            start_date=parent.start_date,
+            state=TaskInstanceState.SCHEDULED.value,
+            is_mapped=True,
+            task=operator,
+            try_number=parent.try_number,
+            # The dag run, logical date and the rest the server sent for the 
task instance that
+            # runs this iteration: its template context, get_previous_ti() and 
the like read them.
+            _ti_context_from_server=getattr(parent, "_ti_context_from_server", 
None),
+        )
+
+    def xcom_push(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: Any,
+    ):
+        super().xcom_push(key=f"{key}_{self.index}", value=value)
+        self._record_push(key, value)
+
+    async def axcom_push(
+        self,
+        key: str,
+        value: Any,
+    ):
+        await super().axcom_push(key=f"{key}_{self.index}", value=value)
+        self._record_push(key, value)
+
+    def _record_push(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        # The return value has its own slot on the checkpoint and is published 
by the operator.
+        if key != BaseXCom.XCOM_RETURN_KEY:

Review Comment:
   If an operator pushes its result with `ti.xcom_push("return_value", v)` and 
returns None, nothing of it reaches the checkpoint: this skips the key for 
`pushed_xcoms`, and `result` is None. That's fine until a sibling fails. On the 
retry the runner has already deleted the XComs, the replay pushes nothing for 
this index, and downstream reads None. Could `_record_push` keep it when the 
operator returns None?



##########
providers/openlineage/tests/unit/openlineage/extractors/test_manager.py:
##########
@@ -402,6 +402,34 @@ def execute(self, context: Context) -> Any:
     assert metadata.outputs == outlets
 
 
[email protected](not AIRFLOW_V_3_4_PLUS, reason=".iterate() is available 
from Airflow 3.4")

Review Comment:
   The PR is on the 3.5.0 milestone now and `v3-4-test` has branched, so once 
3.4.x is in the provider compatibility matrix this test runs on an Airflow 
without `.iterate()`. Gating on `hasattr(OperatorPartial, "iterate")` would 
hold whichever release it lands in. The `versionadded:: 3.4.0` on the docs page 
needs the same bump.



##########
task-sdk/src/airflow/sdk/execution_time/lazy_sequence.py:
##########
@@ -88,6 +113,36 @@ def __hash__(self):
     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[T]:
         return LazyXComIterator(seq=self)
 
+    def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[T]:
+        return AsyncLazyXComIterator(seq=self)
+
+    async def aget(self, index: int) -> T:
+        """Async counterpart of ``self[index]``; the same 
``GetXComSequenceItem`` request via ``asend``."""
+        from airflow.sdk.execution_time.comms import (
+            ErrorResponse,
+            GetXComSequenceItem,
+            XComSequenceIndexResult,
+        )
+        from airflow.sdk.execution_time.task_runner import SUPERVISOR_COMMS
+        from airflow.sdk.execution_time.xcom import XCom
+
+        source = (xcom_arg := self._xcom_arg).operator
+        msg = await SUPERVISOR_COMMS.asend(
+            GetXComSequenceItem(
+                previous_iteration=self._previous_iteration,
+                key=xcom_arg.key,
+                dag_id=source.dag_id,
+                task_id=source.task_id,
+                run_id=self._ti.run_id,
+                offset=index,
+            ),
+        )
+        if isinstance(msg, ErrorResponse):
+            raise IndexError(index)
+        if not isinstance(msg, XComSequenceIndexResult):
+            raise TypeError(f"Got unexpected response to GetXComSequenceItem: 
{msg!r}")
+        return XCom._load(_XComWrapper(msg.root), 
previous_iteration=self._previous_iteration)

Review Comment:
   `XCom._load` runs the backend's `deserialize_value` here on the event loop 
thread, so with an object-storage XCom backend every indexed task in flight 
waits for each item's download. `aget_one` already moves the same call off the 
loop with `asyncio.to_thread` (xcom.py:600), and the same change fits here.



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