svn commit: r1739659 [16/18] - in /calcite/site: ./ avatica/ avatica/community/ avatica/develop/ avatica/docs/ avatica/downloads/ avatica/news/ avatica/news/2016/03/03/separate-project/ avatica/news/2016/03/18/release-1.7.1/ avatica/news/releases/ comm...

Sun, 17 Apr 2016 14:26:43 -0700 

Modified: calcite/site/docs/stream.html
URL: 
http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/calcite/site/docs/stream.html?rev=1739659&r1=1739658&r2=1739659&view=diff
==============================================================================
--- calcite/site/docs/stream.html (original)
+++ calcite/site/docs/stream.html Sun Apr 17 21:26:04 2016
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   <meta charset="UTF-8">
   <title>Streaming</title>
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
-  <meta name="generator" content="Jekyll v2.4.0">
+  <meta name="generator" content="Jekyll v3.0.3">
   <link rel="stylesheet" 
href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,300italic,400,400italic,700,700italic,900">
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/screen.css">
   <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico">
@@ -813,35 +813,35 @@
 streaming queries.</p>
 
 <ul id="markdown-toc">
-  <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#an-example-schema">An example schema</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#a-simple-query">A simple query</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#filtering-rows">Filtering rows</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#projecting-expressions">Projecting expressions</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#tumbling-windows">Tumbling windows</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#tumbling-windows-improved">Tumbling windows, improved</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#hopping-windows">Hopping windows</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#grouping-sets">GROUPING SETS</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#filtering-after-aggregation">Filtering after 
aggregation</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#sub-queries-views-and-sqls-closure-property">Sub-queries, 
views and SQL’s closure property</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#converting-between-streams-and-relations">Converting between 
streams and relations</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#the-pie-chart-problem-relational-queries-on-streams">The 
“pie chart” problem: Relational queries on streams</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#sorting">Sorting</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#table-constructor">Table constructor</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#sliding-windows">Sliding windows</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#cascading-windows">Cascading windows</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#joining-streams-to-tables">Joining streams to tables</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#joining-streams-to-streams">Joining streams to streams</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#dml">DML</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#punctuation">Punctuation</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#state-of-the-stream">State of the stream</a>    <ul>
-      <li><a href="#implemented">Implemented</a></li>
-      <li><a href="#not-implemented">Not implemented</a></li>
-      <li><a href="#to-do-in-this-document">To do in this document</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#introduction" 
id="markdown-toc-introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#an-example-schema" id="markdown-toc-an-example-schema">An 
example schema</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#a-simple-query" id="markdown-toc-a-simple-query">A simple 
query</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#filtering-rows" id="markdown-toc-filtering-rows">Filtering 
rows</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#projecting-expressions" 
id="markdown-toc-projecting-expressions">Projecting expressions</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#tumbling-windows" id="markdown-toc-tumbling-windows">Tumbling 
windows</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#tumbling-windows-improved" 
id="markdown-toc-tumbling-windows-improved">Tumbling windows, improved</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#hopping-windows" id="markdown-toc-hopping-windows">Hopping 
windows</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#grouping-sets" id="markdown-toc-grouping-sets">GROUPING 
SETS</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#filtering-after-aggregation" 
id="markdown-toc-filtering-after-aggregation">Filtering after 
aggregation</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#sub-queries-views-and-sqls-closure-property" 
id="markdown-toc-sub-queries-views-and-sqls-closure-property">Sub-queries, 
views and SQL’s closure property</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#converting-between-streams-and-relations" 
id="markdown-toc-converting-between-streams-and-relations">Converting between 
streams and relations</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#the-pie-chart-problem-relational-queries-on-streams" 
id="markdown-toc-the-pie-chart-problem-relational-queries-on-streams">The 
“pie chart” problem: Relational queries on streams</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#sorting" id="markdown-toc-sorting">Sorting</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#table-constructor" id="markdown-toc-table-constructor">Table 
constructor</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#sliding-windows" id="markdown-toc-sliding-windows">Sliding 
windows</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#cascading-windows" 
id="markdown-toc-cascading-windows">Cascading windows</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#joining-streams-to-tables" 
id="markdown-toc-joining-streams-to-tables">Joining streams to tables</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#joining-streams-to-streams" 
id="markdown-toc-joining-streams-to-streams">Joining streams to streams</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#dml" id="markdown-toc-dml">DML</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#punctuation" id="markdown-toc-punctuation">Punctuation</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#state-of-the-stream" 
id="markdown-toc-state-of-the-stream">State of the stream</a>    <ul>
+      <li><a href="#implemented" 
id="markdown-toc-implemented">Implemented</a></li>
+      <li><a href="#not-implemented" id="markdown-toc-not-implemented">Not 
implemented</a></li>
+      <li><a href="#to-do-in-this-document" 
id="markdown-toc-to-do-in-this-document">To do in this document</a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
-  <li><a href="#functions">Functions</a></li>
-  <li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#functions" id="markdown-toc-functions">Functions</a></li>
+  <li><a href="#references" id="markdown-toc-references">References</a></li>
 </ul>
 
 <h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ a stream, which is basically an in-memor
   <li>Lots of existing tools can generate standard SQL.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<p>If you don’t use the <code>STREAM</code> keyword, you are back in regular
+<p>If you don’t use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">STREAM</code> 
keyword, you are back in regular
 standard SQL.</p>
 
 <h2 id="an-example-schema">An example schema</h2>
@@ -878,107 +878,107 @@ standard SQL.</p>
 <p>Our streaming SQL examples use the following schema:</p>
 
 <ul>
-  <li><code>Orders (rowtime, productId, orderId, units)</code> - a stream and 
a table</li>
-  <li><code>Products (rowtime, productId, name)</code> - a table</li>
-  <li><code>Shipments (rowtime, orderId)</code> - a stream</li>
+  <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">Orders (rowtime, productId, orderId, 
units)</code> - a stream and a table</li>
+  <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">Products (rowtime, productId, 
name)</code> - a table</li>
+  <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">Shipments (rowtime, orderId)</code> - a 
stream</li>
 </ul>
 
 <h2 id="a-simple-query">A simple query</h2>
 
 <p>Let’s start with the simplest streaming query:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span class="o">*</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="o">*</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span><span 
class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">orderId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">units</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">2</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">07</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">20</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">6</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">11</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">12</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">24</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">24</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span></code></pre></figure>
 
-<p>This query reads all columns and rows from the <code>Orders</code> stream.
+<p>This query reads all columns and rows from the <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">Orders</code> stream.
 Like any streaming query, it never terminates. It outputs a record whenever
-a record arrives in <code>Orders</code>.</p>
+a record arrives in <code class="highlighter-rouge">Orders</code>.</p>
 
-<p>Type <code>Control-C</code> to terminate the query.</p>
+<p>Type <code class="highlighter-rouge">Control-C</code> to terminate the 
query.</p>
 
-<p>The <code>STREAM</code> keyword is the main extension in streaming SQL. It 
tells the
+<p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">STREAM</code> keyword is the main 
extension in streaming SQL. It tells the
 system that you are interested in incoming orders, not existing ones. The 
query</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span><span 
class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">orderId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">units</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------</span>
- <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">30</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">3</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------
+</span> <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">30</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">3</span>
  <span class="mi">08</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">45</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">10</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">10</span>
  <span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">27</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">44</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">2</span>
 
-<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">records</span> <span 
class="n">returned</span><span class="p">.</span></code></pre></div>
+<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">records</span> <span 
class="n">returned</span><span class="p">.</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <p>is also valid, but will print out all existing orders and then terminate. We
 call it a <em>relational</em> query, as opposed to <em>streaming</em>. It has 
traditional
 SQL semantics.</p>
 
-<p><code>Orders</code> is special, in that it has both a stream and a table. 
If you try to run
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">Orders</code> is special, in that it has 
both a stream and a table. If you try to run
 a streaming query on a table, or a relational query on a stream, Calcite gives
 an error:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> 
<span class="n">Shipments</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span 
class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Shipments</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
-<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="n">Cannot</span> <span class="k">convert</span> <span 
class="n">stream</span> <span class="s1">&#39;SHIPMENTS&#39;</span> <span 
class="k">to</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="k">table</span>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="n">Cannot</span> <span class="k">convert</span> <span 
class="n">stream</span> <span class="s1">'SHIPMENTS'</span> <span 
class="k">to</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="k">table</span>
 
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span 
class="n">Products</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
-<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="n">Cannot</span> <span class="k">convert</span> <span 
class="k">table</span> <span class="s1">&#39;PRODUCTS&#39;</span> <span 
class="k">to</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span 
class="n">stream</span></code></pre></div>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="n">Cannot</span> <span class="k">convert</span> <span 
class="k">table</span> <span class="s1">'PRODUCTS'</span> <span 
class="k">to</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span 
class="n">stream</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <h1 id="filtering-rows">Filtering rows</h1>
 
-<p>Just as in regular SQL, you use a <code>WHERE</code> clause to filter 
rows:</p>
+<p>Just as in regular SQL, you use a <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">WHERE</code> clause to filter rows:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span class="o">*</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="o">*</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
 <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">units</span> <span 
class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">orderId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">units</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">07</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">20</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">6</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">11</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">12</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">24</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">24</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <h1 id="projecting-expressions">Projecting expressions</h1>
 
-<p>Use expressions in the <code>SELECT</code> clause to choose which columns 
to return or
+<p>Use expressions in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">SELECT</code> clause 
to choose which columns to return or
 compute expressions:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
-  <span class="s1">&#39;An order for &#39;</span> <span class="o">||</span> 
<span class="n">units</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="s1">&#39; 
&#39;</span>
-    <span class="o">||</span> <span class="k">CASE</span> <span 
class="n">units</span> <span class="k">WHEN</span> <span class="mi">1</span> 
<span class="k">THEN</span> <span class="s1">&#39;unit&#39;</span> <span 
class="k">ELSE</span> <span class="s1">&#39;units&#39;</span> <span 
class="k">END</span>
-    <span class="o">||</span> <span class="s1">&#39; of product #&#39;</span> 
<span class="o">||</span> <span class="n">productId</span> <span 
class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">description</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
+  <span class="s1">'An order for '</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span 
class="n">units</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="s1">' '</span>
+    <span class="o">||</span> <span class="k">CASE</span> <span 
class="n">units</span> <span class="k">WHEN</span> <span class="mi">1</span> 
<span class="k">THEN</span> <span class="s1">'unit'</span> <span 
class="k">ELSE</span> <span class="s1">'units'</span> <span class="k">END</span>
+    <span class="o">||</span> <span class="s1">' of product #'</span> <span 
class="o">||</span> <span class="n">productId</span> <span class="k">AS</span> 
<span class="n">description</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span><span 
class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">description</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+---------------------------------------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">for</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">units</span> 
<span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">30</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+---------------------------------------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">for</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">units</span> 
<span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">30</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">for</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">unit</span> 
<span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">10</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">for</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">units</span> 
<span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">20</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">07</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">for</span> <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="n">units</span> 
<span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">30</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">by</span> <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="n">units</span> 
<span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">10</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">by</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">unit</span> <span 
class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">10</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">for</span> <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="n">units</span> 
<span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">40</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">24</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">by</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">units</span> 
<span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">10</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">24</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">11</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">An</span> <span class="k">order</span> <span 
class="k">by</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">units</span> 
<span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">product</span> <span 
class="o">#</span><span class="mi">10</span></code></pre></figure>
 
-<p>We recommend that you always include the <code>rowtime</code> column in the 
<code>SELECT</code>
+<p>We recommend that you always include the <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">rowtime</code> column in the <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">SELECT</code>
 clause. Having a sorted timestamp in each stream and streaming query makes it
-possible to do advanced calculations later, such as <code>GROUP BY</code> and 
<code>JOIN</code>.</p>
+possible to do advanced calculations later, such as <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">GROUP BY</code> and <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">JOIN</code>.</p>
 
 <h1 id="tumbling-windows">Tumbling windows</h1>
 
@@ -1006,9 +1006,9 @@ differences are:</p>
 <p><img src="/img/window-types.png" alt="Window types" /></p>
 
 <p>First we’ll look a <em>tumbling window</em>, which is defined by a 
streaming
-<code>GROUP BY</code>. Here is an example:</p>
+<code class="highlighter-rouge">GROUP BY</code>. Here is an example:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">CEIL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span> 
<span class="k">TO</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span> 
<span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="n">CEIL</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="k">TO</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">units</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">units</span>
@@ -1016,22 +1016,22 @@ differences are:</p>
 <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">CEIL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span> 
<span class="k">TO</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> 
<span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span> <span class="o">|</span>       <span 
class="k">c</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">units</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">24</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------
+</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">24</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">7</span>
  <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">11</span>
- <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">12</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">12</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <p>The result is a stream. At 11 o’clock, Calcite emits a sub-total for every
-<code>productId</code> that had an order since 10 o’clock, timestamped 11 
o’clock.
+<code class="highlighter-rouge">productId</code> that had an order since 10 
o’clock, timestamped 11 o’clock.
 At 12 o’clock, it will emit
 the orders that occurred between 11:00 and 12:00. Each input row contributes to
 only one output row.</p>
 
 <p>How did Calcite know that the 10:00:00 sub-totals were complete at 11:00:00,
-so that it could emit them? It knows that <code>rowtime</code> is increasing, 
and it knows
-that <code>CEIL(rowtime TO HOUR)</code> is also increasing. So, once it has 
seen a row
+so that it could emit them? It knows that <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">rowtime</code> is increasing, and it knows
+that <code class="highlighter-rouge">CEIL(rowtime TO HOUR)</code> is also 
increasing. So, once it has seen a row
 at or after 11:00:00, it will never see a row that will contribute to a 
10:00:00
 total.</p>
 
@@ -1043,23 +1043,23 @@ and the stream has a mechanism (such as
 to declare that a particular value will never be seen again, then
 the column or expression is said to be <em>quasi-monotonic</em>.</p>
 
-<p>Without a monotonic or quasi-monotonic expression in the <code>GROUP 
BY</code> clause,
+<p>Without a monotonic or quasi-monotonic expression in the <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">GROUP BY</code> clause,
 Calcite is
 not able to make progress, and it will not allow the query:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">units</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">units</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
 <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
-<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="n">Streaming</span> <span class="n">aggregation</span> <span 
class="n">requires</span> <span class="k">at</span> <span 
class="n">least</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span 
class="n">monotonic</span> <span class="n">expression</span> <span 
class="k">in</span> <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> 
<span class="n">clause</span></code></pre></div>
+<span class="n">ERROR</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="n">Streaming</span> <span class="n">aggregation</span> <span 
class="n">requires</span> <span class="k">at</span> <span 
class="n">least</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span 
class="n">monotonic</span> <span class="n">expression</span> <span 
class="k">in</span> <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> 
<span class="n">clause</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <p>Monotonic and quasi-monotonic columns need to be declared in the schema.
 The monotonicity is
 enforced when records enter the stream and assumed by queries that read from
 that stream. We recommend that you give each stream a timestamp column called
-<code>rowtime</code>, but you can declare others to be monotonic, 
<code>orderId</code>, for example.</p>
+<code class="highlighter-rouge">rowtime</code>, but you can declare others to 
be monotonic, <code class="highlighter-rouge">orderId</code>, for example.</p>
 
 <p>We discuss punctuation, watermarks, and other ways of making progress
 <a href="#punctuation">below</a>.</p>
@@ -1068,54 +1068,54 @@ that stream. We recommend that you give
 
 <p>The previous example of tumbling windows was easy to write because the 
window
 was one hour. For intervals that are not a whole time unit, say 2 hours or
-2 hours and 17 minutes, you cannot use <code>CEIL</code>, and the expression 
gets more
+2 hours and 17 minutes, you cannot use <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">CEIL</code>, and the expression gets more
 complicated.</p>
 
 <p>Calcite supports an alternative syntax for tumbling windows:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">units</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">units</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
-<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span> <span class="o">|</span>       <span 
class="k">c</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">units</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">24</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------
+</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">24</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">7</span>
  <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">11</span>
- <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">12</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">12</span></code></pre></figure>
 
-<p>As you can see, it returns the same results as the previous query. The 
<code>TUMBLE</code>
+<p>As you can see, it returns the same results as the previous query. The 
<code class="highlighter-rouge">TUMBLE</code>
 function returns a grouping key that is the same for all the rows that will end
-up in a given summary row; the <code>TUMBLE_END</code> function takes the same 
arguments
+up in a given summary row; the <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">TUMBLE_END</code> function takes the same arguments
 and returns the time at which that window ends;
-there is also a <code>TUMBLE_START</code> function.</p>
+there is also a <code class="highlighter-rouge">TUMBLE_START</code> 
function.</p>
 
-<p><code>TUMBLE</code> has an optional parameter to align the window.
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">TUMBLE</code> has an optional parameter to 
align the window.
 In the following example,
 we use a 30 minute interval and 0:12 as the alignment time,
 so the query emits summaries at 12 and 42 minutes past each hour:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span>
-  <span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;30&#39;</span> <span 
class="k">MINUTE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">TIME</span> 
<span class="s1">&#39;0:12&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span 
class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span>
+  <span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'30'</span> <span 
class="k">MINUTE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">TIME</span> 
<span class="s1">'0:12'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span 
class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">units</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">units</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
-<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;30&#39;</span> <span 
class="k">MINUTE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">TIME</span> 
<span class="s1">&#39;0:12&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'30'</span> <span 
class="k">MINUTE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">TIME</span> 
<span class="s1">'0:12'</span><span class="p">),</span>
   <span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span> <span class="o">|</span>       <span 
class="k">c</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">units</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">42</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">24</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">42</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">24</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">42</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">42</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">7</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">7</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">12</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">42</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">42</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <h1 id="hopping-windows">Hopping windows</h1>
 
@@ -1127,48 +1127,48 @@ from 08:00 to 11:00 (or 10:59.9 if weâ�
 and a row timestamped 12:00 containing data from 09:00
 to 12:00.</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span>
-  <span class="n">HOP_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">INTERVAL</span> 
<span class="s1">&#39;3&#39;</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span 
class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span>
+  <span class="n">HOP_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">INTERVAL</span> 
<span class="s1">'3'</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span> 
<span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">units</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">units</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
-<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">HOP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span 
class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span 
class="s1">&#39;3&#39;</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span 
class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">HOP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> 
<span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'3'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">);</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span>        <span 
class="k">c</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">units</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+----------+-------</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">|</span>    
<span class="mi">27</span>
- <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">|</span>    
<span class="mi">50</span></code></pre></div>
+<span class="c1">----------+----------+-------
+</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="o">|</span>    
<span class="mi">27</span>
+ <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">|</span>    
<span class="mi">50</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <p>In this query, because the retain period is 3 times the emit period, every 
input
-row contributes to exactly 3 output rows. Imagine that the <code>HOP</code> 
function
+row contributes to exactly 3 output rows. Imagine that the <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">HOP</code> function
 generates a collection of group keys for incoming row, and places its values
 in the accumulators of each of those group keys. For example,
-<code>HOP(10:18:00, INTERVAL '1' HOUR, INTERVAL '3')</code> generates 3 
periods</p>
+<code class="highlighter-rouge">HOP(10:18:00, INTERVAL '1' HOUR, INTERVAL 
'3')</code> generates 3 periods</p>
 
-<p><code>[08:00, 09:00)
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">[08:00, 09:00)
 [09:00, 10:00)
 [10:00, 11:00)
 </code></p>
 
 <p>This raises the possibility of allowing user-defined partitioning functions
-for users who are not happy with the built-in functions <code>HOP</code> and 
<code>TUMBLE</code>.</p>
+for users who are not happy with the built-in functions <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">HOP</code> and <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">TUMBLE</code>.</p>
 
 <p>We can build complex complex expressions such as an exponentially decaying
 moving average:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">HOP_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">),</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="n">HOP_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">),</span>
   <span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span>
-  <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">unitPrice</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span 
class="n">EXP</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">rowtime</span> 
<span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">HOP_START</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">))</span> <span 
class="k">SECOND</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">))</span>
-   <span class="o">/</span> <span class="k">SUM</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">EXP</span><span class="p">((</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span 
class="n">HOP_START</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">SECOND</span> 
<span class="o">/</span> <span class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span 
class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span 
class="p">))</span>
+  <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">unitPrice</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span 
class="n">EXP</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">rowtime</span> 
<span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">HOP_START</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">))</span> <span 
class="k">SECOND</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">))</span>
+   <span class="o">/</span> <span class="k">SUM</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">EXP</span><span class="p">((</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span 
class="n">HOP_START</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">SECOND</span> 
<span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span 
class="s1">'1'</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">))</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
-<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">HOP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span 
class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span class="k">SECOND</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span 
class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span><span 
class="p">),</span>
-  <span class="n">productId</span></code></pre></div>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">HOP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> 
<span class="k">SECOND</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span>
+  <span class="n">productId</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <p>Emits:</p>
 
 <ul>
-  <li>a row at <code>11:00:00</code> containing rows in <code>[10:00:00, 
11:00:00)</code>;</li>
-  <li>a row at <code>11:00:01</code> containing rows in <code>[10:00:01, 
11:00:01)</code>.</li>
+  <li>a row at <code class="highlighter-rouge">11:00:00</code> containing rows 
in <code class="highlighter-rouge">[10:00:00, 11:00:00)</code>;</li>
+  <li>a row at <code class="highlighter-rouge">11:00:01</code> containing rows 
in <code class="highlighter-rouge">[10:00:01, 11:00:01)</code>.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p>The expression weighs recent orders more heavily than older orders.
@@ -1176,96 +1176,96 @@ Extending the window from 1 hour to 2 ho
 virtually no effect on the accuracy of the result (but use more memory
 and compute).</p>
 
-<p>Note that we use <code>HOP_START</code> inside an aggregate function 
(<code>SUM</code>) because it
+<p>Note that we use <code class="highlighter-rouge">HOP_START</code> inside an 
aggregate function (<code class="highlighter-rouge">SUM</code>) because it
 is a value that is constant for all rows within a sub-total. This
-would not be allowed for typical aggregate functions (<code>SUM</code>, 
<code>COUNT</code>
+would not be allowed for typical aggregate functions (<code 
class="highlighter-rouge">SUM</code>, <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">COUNT</code>
 etc.).</p>
 
-<p>If you are familiar with <code>GROUPING SETS</code>, you may notice that 
partitioning
-functions can be seen as a generalization of <code>GROUPING SETS</code>, in 
that they
+<p>If you are familiar with <code class="highlighter-rouge">GROUPING 
SETS</code>, you may notice that partitioning
+functions can be seen as a generalization of <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">GROUPING SETS</code>, in that they
 allow an input row to contribute to multiple sub-totals.
-The auxiliary functions for <code>GROUPING SETS</code>,
-such as <code>GROUPING()</code> and <code>GROUP_ID</code>,
+The auxiliary functions for <code class="highlighter-rouge">GROUPING 
SETS</code>,
+such as <code class="highlighter-rouge">GROUPING()</code> and <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">GROUP_ID</code>,
 can be used inside aggregate functions, so it is not surprising that
-<code>HOP_START</code> and <code>HOP_END</code> can be used in the same 
way.</p>
+<code class="highlighter-rouge">HOP_START</code> and <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">HOP_END</code> can be used in the same way.</p>
 
 <h1 id="grouping-sets">GROUPING SETS</h1>
 
-<p><code>GROUPING SETS</code> is valid for a streaming query provided that 
every
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">GROUPING SETS</code> is valid for a 
streaming query provided that every
 grouping set contains a monotonic or quasi-monotonic expression.</p>
 
-<p><code>CUBE</code> and <code>ROLLUP</code> are not valid for streaming 
query, because they will
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">CUBE</code> and <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">ROLLUP</code> are not valid for streaming query, 
because they will
 produce at least one grouping set that aggregates everything (like
-<code>GROUP BY ()</code>).</p>
+<code class="highlighter-rouge">GROUP BY ()</code>).</p>
 
 <h1 id="filtering-after-aggregation">Filtering after aggregation</h1>
 
-<p>As in standard SQL, you can apply a <code>HAVING</code> clause to filter 
rows emitted by
-a streaming <code>GROUP BY</code>:</p>
+<p>As in standard SQL, you can apply a <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">HAVING</code> clause to filter rows emitted by
+a streaming <code class="highlighter-rouge">GROUP BY</code>:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
   <span class="n">productId</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
-<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">productId</span>
+<span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">productId</span>
 <span class="k">HAVING</span> <span class="k">COUNT</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span 
class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span 
class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">units</span><span 
class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span 
class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <h1 id="sub-queries-views-and-sqls-closure-property">Sub-queries, views and 
SQL’s closure property</h1>
 
-<p>The previous <code>HAVING</code> query can be expressed using a 
<code>WHERE</code> clause on a
+<p>The previous <code class="highlighter-rouge">HAVING</code> query can be 
expressed using a <code class="highlighter-rouge">WHERE</code> clause on a
 sub-query:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="p">(</span>
-  <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
+  <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span>
     <span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span>
     <span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span>
     <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">units</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">su</span>
   <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
-  <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">)</span>
+  <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="k">c</span> <span 
class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span 
class="n">su</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span 
class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span></code></pre></figure>
 
-<p><code>HAVING</code> was introduced in the early days of SQL, when a way was 
needed to
-perform a filter <em>after</em> aggregation. (Recall that <code>WHERE</code> 
filters rows before
-they enter the <code>GROUP BY</code> clause.)</p>
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">HAVING</code> was introduced in the early 
days of SQL, when a way was needed to
+perform a filter <em>after</em> aggregation. (Recall that <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">WHERE</code> filters rows before
+they enter the <code class="highlighter-rouge">GROUP BY</code> clause.)</p>
 
 <p>Since then, SQL has become a mathematically closed language, which means 
that
 any operation you can perform on a table can also perform on a query.</p>
 
 <p>The <em>closure property</em> of SQL is extremely powerful. Not only does 
it render
-<code>HAVING</code> obsolete (or, at least, reduce it to syntactic sugar), it 
makes views
+<code class="highlighter-rouge">HAVING</code> obsolete (or, at least, reduce 
it to syntactic sugar), it makes views
 possible:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span 
class="n">HourlyOrderTotals</span> <span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">su</span><span 
class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span>
-  <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span 
class="n">HourlyOrderTotals</span> <span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">su</span><span 
class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span>
+  <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span>
     <span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="o">*</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">units</span><span class="p">)</span>
   <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
-  <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">;</span>
+  <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">HourlyOrderTotals</span>
 <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="k">c</span> <span 
class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span 
class="n">su</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span 
class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span></code></pre></figure>
 
-<p>Sub-queries in the <code>FROM</code> clause are sometimes referred to as 
“inline views”,
+<p>Sub-queries in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">FROM</code> clause are 
sometimes referred to as “inline views”,
 but really, they are more fundamental than views. Views are just a convenient
 way to carve your SQL into manageable chunks by giving the pieces names and
 storing them in the metadata repository.</p>
@@ -1275,38 +1275,38 @@ than they are on relations. Streaming qu
 operators all running continuously, and often those pipelines get quite long.
 Nested queries and views help to express and manage those pipelines.</p>
 
-<p>And, by the way, a <code>WITH</code> clause can accomplish the same as a 
sub-query or
+<p>And, by the way, a <code class="highlighter-rouge">WITH</code> clause can 
accomplish the same as a sub-query or
 a view:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">WITH</span> <span class="n">HourlyOrderTotals</span> <span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">su</span><span 
class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="p">(</span>
-  <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">WITH</span> <span 
class="n">HourlyOrderTotals</span> <span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">su</span><span 
class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+  <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">TUMBLE_END</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span>
     <span class="k">COUNT</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="o">*</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="k">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">units</span><span class="p">)</span>
   <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
-  <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">)</span>
+  <span class="k">GROUP</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">TUMBLE</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span 
class="n">HOUR</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">HourlyOrderTotals</span>
 <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="k">c</span> <span 
class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span 
class="n">su</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span 
class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <h1 id="converting-between-streams-and-relations">Converting between streams 
and relations</h1>
 
-<p>Look back at the definition of the <code>HourlyOrderTotals</code> view.
+<p>Look back at the definition of the <code 
class="highlighter-rouge">HourlyOrderTotals</code> view.
 Is the view a stream or a relation?</p>
 
-<p>It does not contain the <code>STREAM</code> keyword, so it is a relation.
+<p>It does not contain the <code class="highlighter-rouge">STREAM</code> 
keyword, so it is a relation.
 However, it is a relation that can be converted into a stream.</p>
 
 <p>You can use it in both relational and streaming queries:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="o">#</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span 
class="n">relation</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">will</span> 
<span class="n">query</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span 
class="n">historic</span> <span class="n">Orders</span> <span 
class="k">table</span><span class="p">.</span>
-<span class="o">#</span> <span class="k">Returns</span> <span 
class="n">the</span> <span class="n">largest</span> <span 
class="nb">number</span> <span class="k">of</span> <span 
class="n">product</span> <span class="o">#</span><span class="mi">10</span> 
<span class="n">ever</span> <span class="n">sold</span> <span 
class="k">in</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span class="n">hour</span><span 
class="p">.</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="o">#</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span 
class="n">relation</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">will</span> 
<span class="n">query</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span 
class="n">historic</span> <span class="n">Orders</span> <span 
class="k">table</span><span class="p">.</span>
+<span class="o">#</span> <span class="k">Returns</span> <span 
class="n">the</span> <span class="n">largest</span> <span 
class="n">number</span> <span class="k">of</span> <span 
class="n">product</span> <span class="o">#</span><span class="mi">10</span> 
<span class="n">ever</span> <span class="n">sold</span> <span 
class="k">in</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span class="n">hour</span><span 
class="p">.</span>
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="k">max</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">su</span><span class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">HourlyOrderTotals</span>
 <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">productId</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span>
@@ -1315,14 +1315,14 @@ However, it is a relation that can be co
 <span class="o">#</span> <span class="k">Returns</span> <span 
class="k">every</span> <span class="n">hour</span> <span class="k">in</span> 
<span class="n">which</span> <span class="k">at</span> <span 
class="n">least</span> <span class="n">one</span> <span 
class="n">product</span> <span class="o">#</span><span class="mi">10</span> 
<span class="n">was</span> <span class="n">sold</span><span class="p">.</span>
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">HourlyOrderTotals</span>
-<span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">productId</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span 
class="p">;</span></code></pre></div>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">productId</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span 
class="p">;</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <p>This approach is not limited to views and sub-queries.
 Following the approach set out in CQL [<a href="#ref1">1</a>], every query
 in streaming SQL is defined as a relational query and converted to a stream
-using the <code>STREAM</code> keyword in the top-most <code>SELECT</code>.</p>
+using the <code class="highlighter-rouge">STREAM</code> keyword in the 
top-most <code class="highlighter-rouge">SELECT</code>.</p>
 
-<p>If the <code>STREAM</code> keyword is present in sub-queries or view 
definitions, it has no
+<p>If the <code class="highlighter-rouge">STREAM</code> keyword is present in 
sub-queries or view definitions, it has no
 effect.</p>
 
 <p>At query preparation time, Calcite figures out whether the relations 
referenced
@@ -1342,15 +1342,15 @@ number of orders for each product over t
 
 <p><img src="/img/pie-chart.png" alt="Pie chart" /></p>
 
-<p>But the <code>Orders</code> stream only contains a few records, not an 
hour’s summary.
+<p>But the <code class="highlighter-rouge">Orders</code> stream only contains 
a few records, not an hour’s summary.
 We need to run a relational query on the history of the stream:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">productId</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span 
class="p">)</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
-<span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span 
class="k">BETWEEN</span> <span class="k">current_timestamp</span> <span 
class="o">-</span> <span class="nb">INTERVAL</span> <span 
class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span> <span class="n">HOUR</span>
-              <span class="k">AND</span> <span 
class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre></div>
+<span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span 
class="k">BETWEEN</span> <span class="k">current_timestamp</span> <span 
class="o">-</span> <span class="n">INTERVAL</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> 
<span class="n">HOUR</span>
+              <span class="k">AND</span> <span 
class="k">current_timestamp</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre></figure>
 
-<p>If the history of the <code>Orders</code> stream is being spooled to the 
<code>Orders</code> table,
+<p>If the history of the <code class="highlighter-rouge">Orders</code> stream 
is being spooled to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">Orders</code> table,
 we can answer the query, albeit at a high cost. Better, if we can tell the
 system to materialize one hour summary into a table,
 maintain it continuously as the stream flows,
@@ -1358,31 +1358,31 @@ and automatically rewrite queries to use
 
 <h1 id="sorting">Sorting</h1>
 
-<p>The story for <code>ORDER BY</code> is similar to <code>GROUP BY</code>.
+<p>The story for <code class="highlighter-rouge">ORDER BY</code> is similar to 
<code class="highlighter-rouge">GROUP BY</code>.
 The syntax looks like regular SQL, but Calcite must be sure that it can deliver
 timely results. It therefore requires a monotonic expression on the leading 
edge
-of your <code>ORDER BY</code> key.</p>
+of your <code class="highlighter-rouge">ORDER BY</code> key.</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span 
class="n">CEIL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span> 
<span class="k">TO</span> <span class="n">hour</span><span class="p">)</span> 
<span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">rowtime</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span> 
<span class="n">orderId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">units</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="n">CEIL</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="k">TO</span> <span 
class="n">hour</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span 
class="n">rowtime</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">orderId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">units</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
 <span class="k">ORDER</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span 
class="n">CEIL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rowtime</span> 
<span class="k">TO</span> <span class="n">hour</span><span class="p">)</span> 
<span class="k">ASC</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">units</span> 
<span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">orderId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">units</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">20</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">20</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">2</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">40</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">11</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">12</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">6</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">12</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span>
- <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span></code></pre></div>
+ <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span></code></pre></figure>
 
 <p>Most queries will return results in the order that they were inserted,
 because the engine is using streaming algorithms, but you should not rely on 
it.
 For example, consider this:</p>
 
-<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span 
class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> <span class="o">*</span>
+<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" 
data-lang="sql"><span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">STREAM</span> 
<span class="o">*</span>
 <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">Orders</span>
 <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">productId</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
 <span class="k">UNION</span> <span class="k">ALL</span>
@@ -1391,21 +1391,21 @@ For example, consider this:</p>
 <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">productId</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">;</span>
 
   <span class="n">rowtime</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">productId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">orderId</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">units</span>
-<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------</span>
- <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>
+<span class="c1">----------+-----------+---------+-------
+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">4</span>
  <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">18</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">07</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">8</span> <span class="o">|</span>    <span 
class="mi">20</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">02</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
    <span class="mi">9</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">6</span>
  <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">04</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>        <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>   
   <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="o">|</span>     <span 
class="mi">1</span>

[... 1578 lines stripped ...]

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