Author: tylerhobbs
Date: Tue May 19 16:42:12 2015
New Revision: 1680340
URL: http://svn.apache.org/r1680340
Log:
Fix links in CQL-2.2.html
Modified:
cassandra/site/publish/doc/cql3/CQL-2.2.html
Modified: cassandra/site/publish/doc/cql3/CQL-2.2.html
URL:
http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/cassandra/site/publish/doc/cql3/CQL-2.2.html?rev=1680340&r1=1680339&r2=1680340&view=diff
==============================================================================
--- cassandra/site/publish/doc/cql3/CQL-2.2.html (original)
+++ cassandra/site/publish/doc/cql3/CQL-2.2.html Tue May 19 16:42:12 2015
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD
XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd";><html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>CQL</title></head><body><p><link
rel="StyleSheet" href="CQL.css" type="text/css" media="screen"></p><h1
id="CassandraQueryLanguageCQLv3.3.0">Cassandra Query Language (CQL)
v3.3.0</h1><span id="tableOfContents"><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL.html#CassandraQueryLanguageCQLv3.3.0">Cassandra Query Language (CQL)
v3.3.0</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a href="CQL.html#CQLSyntax">CQL
Syntax</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL.html#Preamble">Preamble</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#Conventions">Conventions</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#identifiers">Identifiers and keywords</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#constants">Constants</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#Comments">Comments</a></l
i><li><a href="CQL.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#preparedStatement">Prepared Statement</a></li></ol></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#dataDefinition">Data Definition</a><ol style="list-style:
none;"><li><a href="CQL.html#createKeyspaceStmt">CREATE KEYSPACE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#useStmt">USE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#alterKeyspaceStmt">ALTER KEYSPACE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#dropKeyspaceStmt">DROP KEYSPACE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#createTableStmt">CREATE TABLE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#alterTableStmt">ALTER TABLE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#dropTableStmt">DROP TABLE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#truncateStmt">TRUNCATE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#createIndexStmt">CREATE INDEX</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#dropIndexStmt">DROP INDEX</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#createTypeStmt">CREATE TYPE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#alterTypeStmt">ALTER TYPE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#dropTypeStmt">DROP TYPE</a></li><li><a href="CQL.html#createTri
ggerStmt">CREATE TRIGGER</a></li><li><a href="CQL.html#dropTriggerStmt">DROP
TRIGGER</a></li><li><a href="CQL.html#createFunctionStmt">CREATE
FUNCTION</a></li><li><a href="CQL.html#dropFunctionStmt">DROP
FUNCTION</a></li><li><a href="CQL.html#createAggregateStmt">CREATE
AGGREGATE</a></li><li><a href="CQL.html#dropAggregateStmt">DROP
AGGREGATE</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="CQL.html#dataManipulation">Data
Manipulation</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL.html#insertStmt">INSERT</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#updateStmt">UPDATE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#deleteStmt">DELETE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#batchStmt">BATCH</a></li></ol></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#queries">Queries</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL.html#selectStmt">SELECT</a></li></ol></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#types">Data Types</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL.html#usingtimestamps">Working with timestamps</a></li><li><a
href="CQL.html#usingdates">Working with dates</a></li><li
><a href="CQL.html#usingtime">Working with time</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#counters">Counters</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#collections">Working with collections</a></li></ol></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#functions">Functions</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
>href="CQL.html#tokenFun">Token</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#uuidFun">Uuid</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#timeuuidFun">Timeuuid functions</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#blobFun">Blob conversion functions</a></li></ol></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#udfs">User-Defined Functions</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#udas">User-Defined Aggregates</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#json">JSON Support</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
>href="CQL.html#selectJson">SELECT JSON</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#insertJson">INSERT JSON</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#jsonEncoding">JSON Encoding of Cassandra Data
>Types</a></li><li><a href="CQL.html#fromJson">The fromJson()
>Function</a></li><li><a href="CQL.html#toJson">The toJson()
>Function</a></li></ol
></li><li><a href="CQL.html#appendixA">Appendix A: CQL Keywords</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#appendixB">Appendix B: CQL Reserved Types</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#changes">Changes</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.3.0">3.3.0</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.2.0">3.2.0</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.1.7">3.1.7</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.1.6">3.1.6</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.1.5">3.1.5</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.1.4">3.1.4</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.1.3">3.1.3</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.1.2">3.1.2</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.1.1">3.1.1</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.1.0">3.1.0</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.0.5">3.0.5</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.0.4">3.0.4</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.0.3">3.0.3</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.0.2">3.0.2</a></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#a3.0.1">3.0.1</a></li></ol></li><li><a
>href="CQL.html#Versioning">Versioning</a></li></ol></li></ol></span><h2
>id="CQLSyntax">CQL Syntax</h2><h
3 id="Preamble">Preamble</h3><p>This document describes the Cassandra Query
Language (CQL) version 3. CQL v3 is not backward compatible with CQL v2 and
differs from it in numerous ways. Note that this document describes the last
version of the languages. However, the <a href="#changes">changes</a> section
provides the diff between the different versions of CQL v3.</p><p>CQL v3 offers
a model very close to SQL in the sense that data is put in <em>tables</em>
containing <em>rows</em> of <em>columns</em>. For that reason, when used in
this document, these terms (tables, rows and columns) have the same definition
than they have in SQL. But please note that as such, they do
<strong>not</strong> refer to the concept of rows and columns found in the
internal implementation of Cassandra and in the thrift and CQL v2 API.</p><h3
id="Conventions">Conventions</h3><p>To aid in specifying the CQL syntax, we
will use the following conventions in this document:</p><ul><li>Language rules
will be giv
en in a <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur_Form";>BNF</a> -like
notation:</li></ul><pre class="syntax"><pre><start> ::= TERMINAL
<non-terminal1> <non-terminal1>
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' ?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD
XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd";><html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>CQL-2.2</title></head><body><p><link
rel="StyleSheet" href="CQL.css" type="text/css" media="screen"></p><h1
id="CassandraQueryLanguageCQLv3.3.0">Cassandra Query Language (CQL)
v3.3.0</h1><span id="tableOfContents"><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#CassandraQueryLanguageCQLv3.3.0">Cassandra Query Language
(CQL) v3.3.0</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#CQLSyntax">CQL Syntax</a><ol style="list-style:
none;"><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#Preamble">Preamble</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#Conventions">Conventions</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#identifiers">Identifiers and keywords</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#constants">Constants</a></li><li><a href="CQL-2.
2.html#Comments">Comments</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#preparedStatement">Prepared
Statement</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#dataDefinition">Data
Definition</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#createKeyspaceStmt">CREATE KEYSPACE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#useStmt">USE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#alterKeyspaceStmt">ALTER KEYSPACE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#dropKeyspaceStmt">DROP KEYSPACE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#createTableStmt">CREATE TABLE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#alterTableStmt">ALTER TABLE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#dropTableStmt">DROP TABLE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#truncateStmt">TRUNCATE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#createIndexStmt">CREATE INDEX</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#dropIndexStmt">DROP INDEX</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#createTypeStmt">CREATE TYPE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#alterTypeStmt">ALTER TYPE</
a></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#dropTypeStmt">DROP TYPE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#createTriggerStmt">CREATE TRIGGER</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#dropTriggerStmt">DROP TRIGGER</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#createFunctionStmt">CREATE FUNCTION</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#dropFunctionStmt">DROP FUNCTION</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#createAggregateStmt">CREATE AGGREGATE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#dropAggregateStmt">DROP AGGREGATE</a></li></ol></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#dataManipulation">Data Manipulation</a><ol
style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#insertStmt">INSERT</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#updateStmt">UPDATE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#deleteStmt">DELETE</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#batchStmt">BATCH</a></li></ol></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#queries">Queries</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#selectStmt">SELECT</a></li></ol></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#types">Data Types</a><ol style="li
st-style: none;"><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#usingtimestamps">Working with
timestamps</a></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#usingdates">Working with
dates</a></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#usingtime">Working with
time</a></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#counters">Counters</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#collections">Working with
collections</a></li></ol></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#functions">Functions</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#tokenFun">Token</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#uuidFun">Uuid</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#timeuuidFun">Timeuuid functions</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#blobFun">Blob conversion functions</a></li></ol></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#udfs">User-Defined Functions</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#udas">User-Defined Aggregates</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#json">JSON Support</a><ol style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#selectJson">SELECT JSON</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#insertJson">INSERT JSON</a></l
i><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#jsonEncoding">JSON Encoding of Cassandra Data
Types</a></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#fromJson">The fromJson()
Function</a></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#toJson">The toJson()
Function</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#appendixA">Appendix A: CQL
Keywords</a></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#appendixB">Appendix B: CQL Reserved
Types</a></li><li><a href="CQL-2.2.html#changes">Changes</a><ol
style="list-style: none;"><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.3.0">3.3.0</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.2.0">3.2.0</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.1.7">3.1.7</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.1.6">3.1.6</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.1.5">3.1.5</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.1.4">3.1.4</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.1.3">3.1.3</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.1.2">3.1.2</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.1.1">3.1.1</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.1.0">3.1.0</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.0.5">3.0.5</a></li><li><a href="CQL-
2.2.html#a3.0.4">3.0.4</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.0.3">3.0.3</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.0.2">3.0.2</a></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#a3.0.1">3.0.1</a></li></ol></li><li><a
href="CQL-2.2.html#Versioning">Versioning</a></li></ol></li></ol></span><h2
id="CQLSyntax">CQL Syntax</h2><h3 id="Preamble">Preamble</h3><p>This document
describes the Cassandra Query Language (CQL) version 3. CQL v3 is not backward
compatible with CQL v2 and differs from it in numerous ways. Note that this
document describes the last version of the languages. However, the <a
href="#changes">changes</a> section provides the diff between the different
versions of CQL v3.</p><p>CQL v3 offers a model very close to SQL in the sense
that data is put in <em>tables</em> containing <em>rows</em> of
<em>columns</em>. For that reason, when used in this document, these terms
(tables, rows and columns) have the same definition than they have in SQL. But
please note that as such, they do <strong>not</strong
> refer to the concept of rows and columns found in the internal
> implementation of Cassandra and in the thrift and CQL v2 API.</p><h3
> id="Conventions">Conventions</h3><p>To aid in specifying the CQL syntax, we
> will use the following conventions in this document:</p><ul><li>Language
> rules will be given in a <a
> href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur_Form";>BNF</a> -like
> notation:</li></ul><pre class="syntax"><pre><start> ::= TERMINAL
> <non-terminal1> <non-terminal1>
</pre></pre><ul><li>Nonterminal symbols will have <code><angle
brackets></code>.</li><li>As additional shortcut notations to BNF, we’ll
use traditional regular expression’s symbols (<code>?</code>,
<code>+</code> and <code>*</code>) to signify that a given symbol is optional
and/or can be repeated. We’ll also allow parentheses to group symbols and
the <code>[<characters>]</code> notation to represent any one of
<code><characters></code>.</li><li>The grammar is provided for documentation
purposes and leave some minor details out. For instance, the last column
definition in a <code>CREATE TABLE</code> statement is optional but supported
if present even though the provided grammar in this document suggest it is not
supported. </li><li>Sample code will be provided in a code block:</li></ul><pre
class="sample"><pre>SELECT sample_usage FROM cql;
</pre></pre><ul><li>References to keywords or pieces of CQL code in running
text will be shown in a <code>fixed-width font</code>.</li></ul><h3
id="identifiers">Identifiers and keywords</h3><p>The CQL language uses
<em>identifiers</em> (or <em>names</em>) to identify tables, columns and other
objects. An identifier is a token matching the regular expression <code
lang="a-zA-Z">[a-zA-Z0-9_]</code><code>*</code>.</p><p>A number of such
identifiers, like <code>SELECT</code> or <code>WITH</code>, are
<em>keywords</em>. They have a fixed meaning for the language and most are
reserved. The list of those keywords can be found in <a
href="#appendixA">Appendix A</a>.</p><p>Identifiers and (unquoted) keywords are
case insensitive. Thus <code>SELECT</code> is the same than <code>select</code>
or <code>sElEcT</code>, and <code>myId</code> is the same than
<code>myid</code> or <code>MYID</code> for instance. A convention often used
(in particular by the samples of this documentation) is to use u
pper case for keywords and lower case for other identifiers.</p><p>There is a
second kind of identifiers called <em>quoted identifiers</em> defined by
enclosing an arbitrary sequence of characters in double-quotes(<code>"</code>).
Quoted identifiers are never keywords. Thus <code>"select"</code> is not a
reserved keyword and can be used to refer to a column, while
<code>select</code> would raise a parse error. Also, contrarily to unquoted
identifiers and keywords, quoted identifiers are case sensitive (<code>"My
Quoted Id"</code> is <em>different</em> from <code>"my quoted id"</code>). A
fully lowercase quoted identifier that matches <code
lang="a-zA-Z">[a-zA-Z0-9_]</code><code>*</code> is equivalent to the unquoted
identifier obtained by removing the double-quote (so <code>"myid"</code> is
equivalent to <code>myid</code> and to <code>myId</code> but different from
<code>"myId"</code>). Inside a quoted identifier, the double-quote character
can be repeated to escape it, so <code>"fo
o "" bar"</code> is a valid identifier.</p><h3
id="constants">Constants</h3><p>CQL defines the following kind of
<em>constants</em>: strings, integers, floats, booleans, uuids and
blobs:</p><ul><li>A string constant is an arbitrary sequence of characters
characters enclosed by single-quote(<code>'</code>). One can include a
single-quote in a string by repeating it, e.g. <code>'It''s raining
today'</code>. Those are not to be confused with quoted identifiers that use
double-quotes.</li><li>An integer constant is defined by
<code>'-'?[0-9]+</code>.</li><li>A float constant is defined by
<code>'-'?[0-9]+('.'[0-9]*)?([eE][+-]?[0-9+])?</code>. On top of that,
<code>NaN</code> and <code>Infinity</code> are also float constants.</li><li>A
boolean constant is either <code>true</code> or <code>false</code> up to
case-insensitivity (i.e. <code>True</code> is a valid boolean
constant).</li><li>A <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier";>UUID</a>
constant is defined b
y <code>hex{8}-hex{4}-hex{4}-hex{4}-hex{12}</code> where <code>hex</code> is
an hexadecimal character, e.g. <code>[0-9a-fA-F]</code> and <code>{4}</code> is
the number of such characters.</li><li>A blob constant is an hexadecimal number
defined by <code>0[xX](hex)+</code> where <code>hex</code> is an hexadecimal
character, e.g. <code>[0-9a-fA-F]</code>.</li></ul><p>For how these constants
are typed, see the <a href="#types">data types section</a>.</p><h3
id="Comments">Comments</h3><p>A comment in CQL is a line beginning by either
double dashes (<code>--</code>) or double slash
(<code>//</code>).</p><p>Multi-line comments are also supported through
enclosure within <code>/*</code> and <code>*/</code> (but nesting is not
supported).</p><pre class="sample"><pre>-- This is a comment
// This is a comment too
