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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-9728?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=14615287#comment-14615287
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Tom van der Woerdt commented on CASSANDRA-9728:
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At the time of creating this ticket there were only two compaction tasks 
running (the limit is at 8): one for the index, one for the main table. 
However, it did mention there were 6000-ish pending compaction tasks, which 
seemed strange as it wasn't doing anything with them.

Right now the queue size is down to ~4000 and it lists more concurrent 
compactions (still only one for the index), there are now 200 fewer index 
sstables, but querying is still really slow. 

Interesting to note is that the index compaction seems to be doing the entire 
index in one go (~5GB) and by my estimation will spend a week doing that.

I am not sure whether there are two separate issues going on in this ticket, or 
just a single one. One is that queries on indexes became 10x slower somewhere 
between 2.1.5 and 2.1.7, the other is that the index compactions seem to be 
taking forever.

> Very bad read performance after 2.1.5->2.1.7 upgrade
> ----------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: CASSANDRA-9728
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-9728
>             Project: Cassandra
>          Issue Type: Bug
>            Reporter: Tom van der Woerdt
>
> After upgrading from 2.1.5 to 2.1.7, read performance has significantly 
> slowed down for queries that use indexes. A query that used to take under a 
> second to execute now takes 8 seconds or longer.
> The table I am noticing this on is a fairly large table (possibly pushing 
> Cassandra's limits a bit, with around 1TB per node) with a single index.
> {noformat}
> CREATE TABLE the_table (
>     id bigint PRIMARY KEY,
>     id_2 bigint,
>     field_1 ascii,
>     field_2 blob, -- "Wide" column in that it's on average 15KB
>     field_3 ascii,
>     field_4 ascii,
>     field_5 text,
>     field_6 ascii
> )  WITH compaction = {'class': 
> 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.LeveledCompactionStrategy'}
>     AND compression = {'chunk_length_kb': '1024', 'sstable_compression': 
> 'org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.DeflateCompressor'};
> CREATE INDEX the_table_id_2_idx ON the_table (id_2);
> {noformat}
> Compaction status, according to nodetool's cfstats :
> index:                SSTables in each level: [1714/4, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
> main:                SSTables in each level: [79/4, 1, 105/100, 1049/1000, 
> 172, 0, 0, 0, 0]
> It's had a few days to catch up, but the indexes don't seem to be catching up 
> well. Do note that the performance issue I'm reporting was also experienced 
> when the main table had not yet caught up. Queries fetching by the primary 
> key have been equally fast before and after the compaction catch-up.
> One thing I have noticed is that cfstats is reporting a *LOT* of reads on the 
> index, while there's no way I'm firing that many queries:
>                 Local read count: 6670463
>                 Local read latency: 4.134 ms
> Based on the application's logs, I would say there shouldn't have been more 
> than 5000 queries against the index since Cassandra was started on this node.
> What may also be relevant is that during the upgrade to 2.1.7, nodes that 
> were still on 2.1.5 were responding quickly (tested in cqlsh), while nodes 
> that had already upgraded were slow. Even when only one node was left to be 
> upgraded, that node was fast with responding.
> For completeness, the query that's slow is {{select * from the_table where 
> id_2=?}}



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