airborne12 commented on code in PR #67918:
URL: https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/67918#discussion_r4079409551


##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/analysis/invertedindex/AnalyzerIdentityBuilder.java:
##########
@@ -150,47 +302,589 @@ private static String 
buildIdentityFromPolicyProperties(IndexPolicyTypeEnum type
      * Resolve a component (tokenizer) to its identity.
      */
     private static String resolveComponentIdentity(String name, 
IndexPolicyTypeEnum expectedType) {
+        return resolveComponentIdentity(name, expectedType, null);
+    }
+
+    /** {@code fold} is the case-folding context of a char filter, or null 
without a downstream fold. */
+    private static String resolveComponentIdentity(
+            String name, IndexPolicyTypeEnum expectedType, FoldContext fold) {
         if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(name)) {
             return "";
         }
 
-        // Check if it's a built-in component
-        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
-                && IndexPolicy.BUILTIN_TOKENIZERS.contains(name)) {
-            return name;
+        // Existing named policies take precedence over built-ins for upgrade 
compatibility.
+        try {
+            Env env = Env.getCurrentEnv();
+            if (env != null && env.getIndexPolicyMgr() != null) {
+                IndexPolicy policy = 
env.getIndexPolicyMgr().getPolicyByName(name);
+                if (policy != null && policy.getType() == expectedType) {
+                    if (policy.isInvalid()) {
+                        return "invalid-policy:" + policy.getId() + ":" + 
policy.getName();
+                    }
+                    Map<String, String> props = policy.getProperties();
+                    if (props != null && !props.isEmpty()) {
+                        TreeMap<String, String> sortedProps = new 
TreeMap<>(props);
+                        String type = sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE);
+                        String normalizedType = 
normalizeBuiltinComponentName(type, expectedType);
+                        if (normalizedType != null) {
+                            if ("empty".equals(normalizedType)) {
+                                return "";
+                            }
+                            sortedProps.put(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE, 
normalizedType);
+                            canonicalizeEffectiveComponentProperties(
+                                    sortedProps, normalizedType, expectedType);
+                            if (sortedProps.size() == 1) {
+                                return normalizedType;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
+                                && 
"ngram".equals(sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE))) {
+                            // This setting only limits policy creation; it 
does not change emitted tokens.
+                            sortedProps.remove(PROP_MAX_NGRAM_DIFF);
+                        }
+                        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.CHAR_FILTER
+                                && 
CHAR_REPLACE_FILTER.equals(sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE))) {
+                            String replacement = sortedProps.getOrDefault(
+                                    PROP_REPLACEMENT, 
CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT);
+                            String pattern = canonicalizeCharReplacePattern(
+                                    sortedProps.getOrDefault(PROP_PATTERN, 
CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_PATTERN),
+                                    replacement, fold);
+                            if (pattern.isEmpty()) {
+                                return "";
+                            }
+                            if (isCharReplaceDefault(pattern, replacement, 
fold)) {
+                                // Restating the factory defaults is the bare 
built-in reference.
+                                sortedProps.remove(PROP_PATTERN);
+                                sortedProps.remove(PROP_REPLACEMENT);
+                            } else {
+                                sortedProps.put(PROP_PATTERN, pattern);
+                                sortedProps.put(PROP_REPLACEMENT, replacement);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (normalizedType != null && sortedProps.size() == 1) 
{
+                            return normalizedType;
+                        }
+                        return sortedProps.toString();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            // Fall through to built-in resolution or the original name.
+        }
+
+        String normalizedName = normalizeBuiltinComponentName(name, 
expectedType);
+        return "empty".equals(normalizedName) ? "" : normalizedName == null ? 
name : normalizedName;
+    }
+
+    /** Whether this canonical char_replace configuration is what a bare 
built-in reference gets. */
+    private static boolean isCharReplaceDefault(String pattern, String 
replacement, FoldContext fold) {
+        return CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT.equals(replacement)
+                && canonicalizeCharReplacePattern(
+                        CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_PATTERN, replacement, 
fold).equals(pattern);
+    }
+
+    private static void canonicalizeEffectiveComponentProperties(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, String type, 
IndexPolicyTypeEnum expectedType) {
+        if ("pinyin".equals(type)) {
+            removeBooleanDefaults(properties, true,
+                    "keep_first_letter", "keep_full_pinyin", 
"keep_none_chinese",
+                    "keep_none_chinese_together", 
"keep_none_chinese_in_first_letter",
+                    "lowercase", "trim_whitespace", "ignore_pinyin_offset",
+                    "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize");
+            removeBooleanDefaults(properties, false,
+                    "keep_separate_first_letter", "keep_joined_full_pinyin", 
"keep_original",
+                    "keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin", 
"remove_duplicated_term",
+                    "fixed_pinyin_offset", "keep_separate_chinese");
+            removeIntegerDefault(properties, "limit_first_letter_length", 16);
+            canonicalizePinyinDependencies(properties, expectedType);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKEN_FILTER) {
+            if ("asciifolding".equals(type)) {
+                removeBooleanDefaults(properties, false, "preserve_original");
+            } else if ("word_delimiter".equals(type)) {
+                removeBooleanDefaults(properties, true, "generate_word_parts", 
"generate_number_parts",
+                        "split_on_case_change", "split_on_numerics", 
"stem_english_possessive");
+                removeBooleanDefaults(properties, false, "catenate_words", 
"catenate_numbers",
+                        "catenate_all", "preserve_original");
+                canonicalizeWordSet(properties, "protected_words");
+                canonicalizeTypeTable(properties);
+            } else if ("icu_normalizer".equals(type)) {
+                canonicalizeIcuNormalizerDefaults(properties, false);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.CHAR_FILTER) {
+            if ("icu_normalizer".equals(type)) {
+                canonicalizeIcuNormalizerDefaults(properties, true);
+            }
+            return;
         }
 
-        // For custom component, get its properties
+        if (expectedType != IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER) {
+            return;
+        }
+        switch (type) {
+            case "ngram":
+            case "edge_ngram":
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "min_gram", 1);
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "max_gram", 2);
+                canonicalizeWordSet(properties, "token_chars");
+                canonicalizeCustomTokenChars(properties);
+                break;
+            case "standard":
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "max_token_length", 255);
+                break;
+            case "char_group":
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "max_token_length", 255);
+                canonicalizeTokenizeOnChars(properties);
+                break;
+            case "keyword":
+                // BE only range-checks buffer_size; the emitted term is 
always capped by a constant.
+                properties.remove("buffer_size");
+                break;
+            case "basic":
+                canonicalizeBasicExtraChars(properties);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void removeBooleanDefaults(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, boolean defaultValue, 
String... keys) {
+        for (String key : keys) {
+            String value = properties.get(key);
+            if (value == null || !("true".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || 
"false".equalsIgnoreCase(value))) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            boolean parsed = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+            if (parsed == defaultValue) {
+                properties.remove(key);
+            } else {
+                properties.put(key, Boolean.toString(parsed));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void removeIntegerDefault(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, String key, int defaultValue) {
+        String value = properties.get(key);
+        if (value == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         try {
-            Env env = Env.getCurrentEnv();
-            if (env == null || env.getIndexPolicyMgr() == null) {
-                return name;
+            int parsed = Integer.parseInt(value);
+            if (parsed == defaultValue) {
+                properties.remove(key);
+            } else {
+                properties.put(key, Integer.toString(parsed));
             }
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            // Invalid policies keep their original identity.
+        }
+    }
 
-            IndexPolicy policy = env.getIndexPolicyMgr().getPolicyByName(name);
-            if (policy == null || policy.getType() != expectedType) {
-                return name;
+    private static void canonicalizeIcuNormalizerDefaults(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, boolean hasMode) {
+        String name = properties.get("name");
+        if (name != null) {
+            String normalizedName = name.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            if ("nfkc_cf".equals(normalizedName)) {
+                properties.remove("name");
+            } else {
+                properties.put("name", normalizedName);
             }
-            if (policy.isInvalid()) {
-                return "invalid-policy:" + policy.getId() + ":" + 
policy.getName();
+        }
+        String filter = properties.get("unicode_set_filter");
+        if (filter != null && filter.isEmpty()) {
+            // BE treats an explicit empty string like an absent filter.
+            properties.remove("unicode_set_filter");
+        } else if (filter != null) {
+            try {
+                UnicodeSet unicodeSet = new UnicodeSet(filter);
+                if (unicodeSet.isEmpty()) {
+                    properties.remove("unicode_set_filter");
+                } else {
+                    properties.put("unicode_set_filter", 
unicodeSet.toPattern(false));
+                }
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Invalid policies keep their original identity.
             }
+        }
+        if (hasMode) {
+            canonicalizeIcuNormalizerMode(properties);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void canonicalizeIcuNormalizerMode(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        removeStringDefault(properties, "mode", "compose");
+        if (!"decompose".equals(properties.get("mode"))) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // BE ignores mode for nfd/nfkd, and nfc/nfkc in decompose mode are 
the same ICU instances.
+        String name = properties.get("name");
+        if ("nfc".equals(name) || "nfd".equals(name)) {
+            properties.put("name", "nfd");
+            properties.remove("mode");
+        } else if ("nfkc".equals(name) || "nfkd".equals(name)) {
+            properties.put("name", "nfkd");
+            properties.remove("mode");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // BE reads these settings as unordered sets of trimmed, non-empty words.
+    private static void canonicalizeWordSet(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties, String key) {
+        String value = properties.get(key);
+        if (value == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        TreeSet<String> words = new TreeSet<>();
+        for (String word : value.split(",")) {
+            String trimmed = trimAsciiWhitespace(word);
+            if (!trimmed.isEmpty()) {
+                words.add(trimmed);
+            }
+        }
+        if (words.isEmpty()) {
+            properties.remove(key);
+        } else {
+            properties.put(key, String.join(",", words));
+        }
+    }
 
-            Map<String, String> props = policy.getProperties();
-            if (props == null || props.isEmpty()) {
-                return name;
+    // BE matches custom token characters as a code point set ORed with the 
named classes.
+    private static void canonicalizeCustomTokenChars(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        String value = properties.get("custom_token_chars");
+        if (value == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        String tokenChars = properties.getOrDefault("token_chars", "");
+        Set<String> classes = new TreeSet<>(List.of(tokenChars.split(",")));
+        StringBuilder canonical = new StringBuilder();
+        value.codePoints().distinct().sorted()
+                .filter(codePoint -> !isCoveredByAsciiClass(codePoint, 
classes))
+                .forEach(canonical::appendCodePoint);
+        if (canonical.length() == 0 && !value.isEmpty() && 
classes.remove("custom")) {
+            properties.remove("custom_token_chars");
+            properties.put("token_chars", String.join(",", classes));
+            return;
+        }
+        properties.put("custom_token_chars", canonical.toString());
+    }
+
+    // BE collects tokenize_on_chars entries into sets and checks the 
categories before the literals.
+    private static void canonicalizeTokenizeOnChars(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        List<String> entries = 
parseEntryList(properties.get("tokenize_on_chars"));
+        if (entries == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        TreeSet<String> canonical = new TreeSet<>(entries);
+        Set<String> classes = new TreeSet<>(canonical);
+        classes.retainAll(CHAR_GROUP_TYPES);
+        canonical.removeIf(entry -> entry.indexOf('\\') < 0
+                && entry.codePointCount(0, entry.length()) == 1
+                && isCoveredByAsciiClass(entry.codePointAt(0), classes));
+        putEntryList(properties, "tokenize_on_chars", canonical);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether a named character class of the ngram or char_group tokenizer 
already matches this
+     * code point. Only ASCII is judged: its categories never change between 
the ICU versions FE
+     * and BE link against, and the class predicates agree there.
+     */
+    private static boolean isCoveredByAsciiClass(int codePoint, Set<String> 
classes) {
+        if (codePoint >= 128) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int type = UCharacter.getType(codePoint);
+        for (String name : classes) {
+            switch (name) {
+                case "letter":
+                    if (UCharacter.isLetter(codePoint)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "digit":
+                    if (UCharacter.isDigit(codePoint)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "whitespace":
+                    if (UCharacter.isWhitespace(codePoint)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "punctuation":
+                    if (type == UCharacter.START_PUNCTUATION || type == 
UCharacter.END_PUNCTUATION
+                            || type == UCharacter.OTHER_PUNCTUATION || type == 
UCharacter.CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
+                            || type == UCharacter.DASH_PUNCTUATION || type == 
UCharacter.INITIAL_PUNCTUATION
+                            || type == UCharacter.FINAL_PUNCTUATION) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "symbol":
+                    if (type == UCharacter.CURRENCY_SYMBOL || type == 
UCharacter.MATH_SYMBOL
+                            || type == UCharacter.OTHER_SYMBOL || type == 
UCharacter.MODIFIER_SYMBOL) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
             }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
 
-            // Build identity from sorted properties
-            TreeMap<String, String> sortedProps = new TreeMap<>(props);
-            if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
-                    && "ngram".equals(sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE))) 
{
-                // This setting only limits policy creation; it does not 
change emitted tokens.
-                sortedProps.remove(PROP_MAX_NGRAM_DIFF);
+    // BE builds a per-character type map where a later rule for the same 
character wins.
+    private static void canonicalizeTypeTable(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        List<String> rules = parseEntryList(properties.get("type_table"));
+        if (rules == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        TreeMap<Integer, String> types = new TreeMap<>();
+        for (String rule : rules) {
+            int arrow = rule.lastIndexOf("=>");
+            if (arrow < 0 || rule.indexOf('\n') >= 0 || rule.indexOf('\r') >= 
0) {
+                return;
             }
-            return sortedProps.toString();
-        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
-            return name;
+            String character = trimAsciiWhitespace(rule.substring(0, arrow));
+            String type = trimAsciiWhitespace(rule.substring(arrow + 2));
+            // Escaped characters keep the original identity rather than 
reproducing BE unescaping.
+            if (character.indexOf('\\') >= 0 || character.codePointCount(0, 
character.length()) != 1
+                    || !WORD_DELIMITER_TYPES.contains(type)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            types.put(character.codePointAt(0), type);
+        }
+        // A rule that restates BE's own classification changes nothing, but a 
table made only of
+        // such rules still replaces BE's default table, which classifies 
Latin-1 differently.
+        TreeMap<Integer, String> effectiveTypes = new TreeMap<>(types);
+        effectiveTypes.entrySet().removeIf(
+                entry -> 
entry.getValue().equals(defaultWordDelimiterType(entry.getKey())));
+        if (effectiveTypes.isEmpty()) {
+            effectiveTypes = types;

Review Comment:
   Confirmed in BE: both explicit no-op tables build the same generated type 
vector, while an absent table uses a different default vector. Commit 0e06be4 
gives all such explicit tables one identity marker and keeps absent versus 
explicit distinct. The FE test covers `[a => LOWER]` versus `[b => LOWER]` and 
the absent-table negative; `AnalyzerIdentityBuilderTest` passed (53 tests).



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/analysis/invertedindex/AnalyzerIdentityBuilder.java:
##########
@@ -150,47 +302,589 @@ private static String 
buildIdentityFromPolicyProperties(IndexPolicyTypeEnum type
      * Resolve a component (tokenizer) to its identity.
      */
     private static String resolveComponentIdentity(String name, 
IndexPolicyTypeEnum expectedType) {
+        return resolveComponentIdentity(name, expectedType, null);
+    }
+
+    /** {@code fold} is the case-folding context of a char filter, or null 
without a downstream fold. */
+    private static String resolveComponentIdentity(
+            String name, IndexPolicyTypeEnum expectedType, FoldContext fold) {
         if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(name)) {
             return "";
         }
 
-        // Check if it's a built-in component
-        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
-                && IndexPolicy.BUILTIN_TOKENIZERS.contains(name)) {
-            return name;
+        // Existing named policies take precedence over built-ins for upgrade 
compatibility.
+        try {
+            Env env = Env.getCurrentEnv();
+            if (env != null && env.getIndexPolicyMgr() != null) {
+                IndexPolicy policy = 
env.getIndexPolicyMgr().getPolicyByName(name);
+                if (policy != null && policy.getType() == expectedType) {
+                    if (policy.isInvalid()) {
+                        return "invalid-policy:" + policy.getId() + ":" + 
policy.getName();
+                    }
+                    Map<String, String> props = policy.getProperties();
+                    if (props != null && !props.isEmpty()) {
+                        TreeMap<String, String> sortedProps = new 
TreeMap<>(props);
+                        String type = sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE);
+                        String normalizedType = 
normalizeBuiltinComponentName(type, expectedType);
+                        if (normalizedType != null) {
+                            if ("empty".equals(normalizedType)) {
+                                return "";
+                            }
+                            sortedProps.put(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE, 
normalizedType);
+                            canonicalizeEffectiveComponentProperties(
+                                    sortedProps, normalizedType, expectedType);
+                            if (sortedProps.size() == 1) {
+                                return normalizedType;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
+                                && 
"ngram".equals(sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE))) {
+                            // This setting only limits policy creation; it 
does not change emitted tokens.
+                            sortedProps.remove(PROP_MAX_NGRAM_DIFF);
+                        }
+                        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.CHAR_FILTER
+                                && 
CHAR_REPLACE_FILTER.equals(sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE))) {
+                            String replacement = sortedProps.getOrDefault(
+                                    PROP_REPLACEMENT, 
CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT);
+                            String pattern = canonicalizeCharReplacePattern(
+                                    sortedProps.getOrDefault(PROP_PATTERN, 
CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_PATTERN),
+                                    replacement, fold);
+                            if (pattern.isEmpty()) {
+                                return "";
+                            }
+                            if (isCharReplaceDefault(pattern, replacement, 
fold)) {
+                                // Restating the factory defaults is the bare 
built-in reference.
+                                sortedProps.remove(PROP_PATTERN);
+                                sortedProps.remove(PROP_REPLACEMENT);
+                            } else {
+                                sortedProps.put(PROP_PATTERN, pattern);
+                                sortedProps.put(PROP_REPLACEMENT, replacement);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (normalizedType != null && sortedProps.size() == 1) 
{
+                            return normalizedType;
+                        }
+                        return sortedProps.toString();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            // Fall through to built-in resolution or the original name.
+        }
+
+        String normalizedName = normalizeBuiltinComponentName(name, 
expectedType);
+        return "empty".equals(normalizedName) ? "" : normalizedName == null ? 
name : normalizedName;
+    }
+
+    /** Whether this canonical char_replace configuration is what a bare 
built-in reference gets. */
+    private static boolean isCharReplaceDefault(String pattern, String 
replacement, FoldContext fold) {
+        return CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT.equals(replacement)
+                && canonicalizeCharReplacePattern(
+                        CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_PATTERN, replacement, 
fold).equals(pattern);
+    }
+
+    private static void canonicalizeEffectiveComponentProperties(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, String type, 
IndexPolicyTypeEnum expectedType) {
+        if ("pinyin".equals(type)) {
+            removeBooleanDefaults(properties, true,
+                    "keep_first_letter", "keep_full_pinyin", 
"keep_none_chinese",
+                    "keep_none_chinese_together", 
"keep_none_chinese_in_first_letter",
+                    "lowercase", "trim_whitespace", "ignore_pinyin_offset",
+                    "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize");
+            removeBooleanDefaults(properties, false,
+                    "keep_separate_first_letter", "keep_joined_full_pinyin", 
"keep_original",
+                    "keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin", 
"remove_duplicated_term",
+                    "fixed_pinyin_offset", "keep_separate_chinese");
+            removeIntegerDefault(properties, "limit_first_letter_length", 16);
+            canonicalizePinyinDependencies(properties, expectedType);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKEN_FILTER) {
+            if ("asciifolding".equals(type)) {
+                removeBooleanDefaults(properties, false, "preserve_original");
+            } else if ("word_delimiter".equals(type)) {
+                removeBooleanDefaults(properties, true, "generate_word_parts", 
"generate_number_parts",
+                        "split_on_case_change", "split_on_numerics", 
"stem_english_possessive");
+                removeBooleanDefaults(properties, false, "catenate_words", 
"catenate_numbers",
+                        "catenate_all", "preserve_original");
+                canonicalizeWordSet(properties, "protected_words");
+                canonicalizeTypeTable(properties);
+            } else if ("icu_normalizer".equals(type)) {
+                canonicalizeIcuNormalizerDefaults(properties, false);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.CHAR_FILTER) {
+            if ("icu_normalizer".equals(type)) {
+                canonicalizeIcuNormalizerDefaults(properties, true);
+            }
+            return;
         }
 
-        // For custom component, get its properties
+        if (expectedType != IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER) {
+            return;
+        }
+        switch (type) {
+            case "ngram":
+            case "edge_ngram":
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "min_gram", 1);
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "max_gram", 2);
+                canonicalizeWordSet(properties, "token_chars");
+                canonicalizeCustomTokenChars(properties);
+                break;
+            case "standard":
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "max_token_length", 255);
+                break;
+            case "char_group":
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "max_token_length", 255);
+                canonicalizeTokenizeOnChars(properties);
+                break;
+            case "keyword":
+                // BE only range-checks buffer_size; the emitted term is 
always capped by a constant.
+                properties.remove("buffer_size");
+                break;
+            case "basic":
+                canonicalizeBasicExtraChars(properties);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void removeBooleanDefaults(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, boolean defaultValue, 
String... keys) {
+        for (String key : keys) {
+            String value = properties.get(key);
+            if (value == null || !("true".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || 
"false".equalsIgnoreCase(value))) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            boolean parsed = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+            if (parsed == defaultValue) {
+                properties.remove(key);
+            } else {
+                properties.put(key, Boolean.toString(parsed));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void removeIntegerDefault(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, String key, int defaultValue) {
+        String value = properties.get(key);
+        if (value == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         try {
-            Env env = Env.getCurrentEnv();
-            if (env == null || env.getIndexPolicyMgr() == null) {
-                return name;
+            int parsed = Integer.parseInt(value);
+            if (parsed == defaultValue) {
+                properties.remove(key);
+            } else {
+                properties.put(key, Integer.toString(parsed));
             }
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            // Invalid policies keep their original identity.
+        }
+    }
 
-            IndexPolicy policy = env.getIndexPolicyMgr().getPolicyByName(name);
-            if (policy == null || policy.getType() != expectedType) {
-                return name;
+    private static void canonicalizeIcuNormalizerDefaults(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, boolean hasMode) {
+        String name = properties.get("name");
+        if (name != null) {
+            String normalizedName = name.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            if ("nfkc_cf".equals(normalizedName)) {
+                properties.remove("name");
+            } else {
+                properties.put("name", normalizedName);
             }
-            if (policy.isInvalid()) {
-                return "invalid-policy:" + policy.getId() + ":" + 
policy.getName();
+        }
+        String filter = properties.get("unicode_set_filter");
+        if (filter != null && filter.isEmpty()) {
+            // BE treats an explicit empty string like an absent filter.
+            properties.remove("unicode_set_filter");
+        } else if (filter != null) {
+            try {
+                UnicodeSet unicodeSet = new UnicodeSet(filter);
+                if (unicodeSet.isEmpty()) {
+                    properties.remove("unicode_set_filter");
+                } else {
+                    properties.put("unicode_set_filter", 
unicodeSet.toPattern(false));
+                }
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Invalid policies keep their original identity.
             }
+        }
+        if (hasMode) {
+            canonicalizeIcuNormalizerMode(properties);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void canonicalizeIcuNormalizerMode(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        removeStringDefault(properties, "mode", "compose");
+        if (!"decompose".equals(properties.get("mode"))) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // BE ignores mode for nfd/nfkd, and nfc/nfkc in decompose mode are 
the same ICU instances.
+        String name = properties.get("name");
+        if ("nfc".equals(name) || "nfd".equals(name)) {
+            properties.put("name", "nfd");
+            properties.remove("mode");
+        } else if ("nfkc".equals(name) || "nfkd".equals(name)) {
+            properties.put("name", "nfkd");
+            properties.remove("mode");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // BE reads these settings as unordered sets of trimmed, non-empty words.
+    private static void canonicalizeWordSet(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties, String key) {
+        String value = properties.get(key);
+        if (value == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        TreeSet<String> words = new TreeSet<>();
+        for (String word : value.split(",")) {
+            String trimmed = trimAsciiWhitespace(word);
+            if (!trimmed.isEmpty()) {
+                words.add(trimmed);
+            }
+        }
+        if (words.isEmpty()) {
+            properties.remove(key);
+        } else {
+            properties.put(key, String.join(",", words));
+        }
+    }
 
-            Map<String, String> props = policy.getProperties();
-            if (props == null || props.isEmpty()) {
-                return name;
+    // BE matches custom token characters as a code point set ORed with the 
named classes.
+    private static void canonicalizeCustomTokenChars(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        String value = properties.get("custom_token_chars");
+        if (value == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        String tokenChars = properties.getOrDefault("token_chars", "");
+        Set<String> classes = new TreeSet<>(List.of(tokenChars.split(",")));
+        StringBuilder canonical = new StringBuilder();
+        value.codePoints().distinct().sorted()
+                .filter(codePoint -> !isCoveredByAsciiClass(codePoint, 
classes))
+                .forEach(canonical::appendCodePoint);
+        if (canonical.length() == 0 && !value.isEmpty() && 
classes.remove("custom")) {
+            properties.remove("custom_token_chars");
+            properties.put("token_chars", String.join(",", classes));
+            return;
+        }
+        properties.put("custom_token_chars", canonical.toString());
+    }
+
+    // BE collects tokenize_on_chars entries into sets and checks the 
categories before the literals.
+    private static void canonicalizeTokenizeOnChars(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        List<String> entries = 
parseEntryList(properties.get("tokenize_on_chars"));
+        if (entries == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        TreeSet<String> canonical = new TreeSet<>(entries);
+        Set<String> classes = new TreeSet<>(canonical);
+        classes.retainAll(CHAR_GROUP_TYPES);
+        canonical.removeIf(entry -> entry.indexOf('\\') < 0
+                && entry.codePointCount(0, entry.length()) == 1
+                && isCoveredByAsciiClass(entry.codePointAt(0), classes));
+        putEntryList(properties, "tokenize_on_chars", canonical);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether a named character class of the ngram or char_group tokenizer 
already matches this
+     * code point. Only ASCII is judged: its categories never change between 
the ICU versions FE
+     * and BE link against, and the class predicates agree there.
+     */
+    private static boolean isCoveredByAsciiClass(int codePoint, Set<String> 
classes) {
+        if (codePoint >= 128) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int type = UCharacter.getType(codePoint);
+        for (String name : classes) {
+            switch (name) {
+                case "letter":
+                    if (UCharacter.isLetter(codePoint)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "digit":
+                    if (UCharacter.isDigit(codePoint)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "whitespace":
+                    if (UCharacter.isWhitespace(codePoint)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "punctuation":
+                    if (type == UCharacter.START_PUNCTUATION || type == 
UCharacter.END_PUNCTUATION
+                            || type == UCharacter.OTHER_PUNCTUATION || type == 
UCharacter.CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
+                            || type == UCharacter.DASH_PUNCTUATION || type == 
UCharacter.INITIAL_PUNCTUATION
+                            || type == UCharacter.FINAL_PUNCTUATION) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "symbol":
+                    if (type == UCharacter.CURRENCY_SYMBOL || type == 
UCharacter.MATH_SYMBOL
+                            || type == UCharacter.OTHER_SYMBOL || type == 
UCharacter.MODIFIER_SYMBOL) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
             }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
 
-            // Build identity from sorted properties
-            TreeMap<String, String> sortedProps = new TreeMap<>(props);
-            if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
-                    && "ngram".equals(sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE))) 
{
-                // This setting only limits policy creation; it does not 
change emitted tokens.
-                sortedProps.remove(PROP_MAX_NGRAM_DIFF);
+    // BE builds a per-character type map where a later rule for the same 
character wins.
+    private static void canonicalizeTypeTable(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        List<String> rules = parseEntryList(properties.get("type_table"));
+        if (rules == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        TreeMap<Integer, String> types = new TreeMap<>();
+        for (String rule : rules) {
+            int arrow = rule.lastIndexOf("=>");
+            if (arrow < 0 || rule.indexOf('\n') >= 0 || rule.indexOf('\r') >= 
0) {
+                return;
             }
-            return sortedProps.toString();
-        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
-            return name;
+            String character = trimAsciiWhitespace(rule.substring(0, arrow));
+            String type = trimAsciiWhitespace(rule.substring(arrow + 2));
+            // Escaped characters keep the original identity rather than 
reproducing BE unescaping.
+            if (character.indexOf('\\') >= 0 || character.codePointCount(0, 
character.length()) != 1
+                    || !WORD_DELIMITER_TYPES.contains(type)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            types.put(character.codePointAt(0), type);
+        }
+        // A rule that restates BE's own classification changes nothing, but a 
table made only of
+        // such rules still replaces BE's default table, which classifies 
Latin-1 differently.
+        TreeMap<Integer, String> effectiveTypes = new TreeMap<>(types);
+        effectiveTypes.entrySet().removeIf(
+                entry -> 
entry.getValue().equals(defaultWordDelimiterType(entry.getKey())));
+        if (effectiveTypes.isEmpty()) {
+            effectiveTypes = types;
+        }
+        List<String> canonicalRules = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry : effectiveTypes.entrySet()) {
+            canonicalRules.add(new String(Character.toChars(entry.getKey())) + 
"=>" + entry.getValue());
+        }
+        putEntryList(properties, "type_table", canonicalRules);
+    }
+
+    /** BE's u_charType classification of an ASCII code point, or null for 
anything else. */
+    private static String defaultWordDelimiterType(int codePoint) {
+        if (codePoint >= 128) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        switch (UCharacter.getType(codePoint)) {
+            case UCharacter.UPPERCASE_LETTER:
+                return "UPPER";
+            case UCharacter.LOWERCASE_LETTER:
+                return "LOWER";
+            case UCharacter.DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER:
+                return "DIGIT";
+            default:
+                return "SUBWORD_DELIM";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Parse a bracketed entry list as BE does, or return null for a 
malformed list. */
+    private static List<String> parseEntryList(String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        List<String> entries = new ArrayList<>();
+        String trimmed = trimAsciiWhitespace(value);
+        if (trimmed.isEmpty()) {
+            return entries;
+        }
+        for (String item : ENTRY_SEPARATOR.split(trimmed)) {
+            String entry = trimAsciiWhitespace(item);
+            if (entry.length() < 2 || entry.charAt(0) != '[' || 
entry.charAt(entry.length() - 1) != ']') {
+                return null;
+            }
+            String content = entry.substring(1, entry.length() - 1);
+            if (!content.isEmpty()) {
+                entries.add(content);
+            }
+        }
+        return entries;
+    }
+
+    private static void putEntryList(TreeMap<String, String> properties, 
String key, Collection<String> entries) {
+        if (entries.isEmpty()) {
+            properties.remove(key);
+            return;
+        }
+        StringBuilder canonical = new StringBuilder();
+        for (String entry : entries) {
+            if (canonical.length() > 0) {
+                canonical.append(",");
+            }
+            canonical.append("[").append(entry).append("]");
+        }
+        properties.put(key, canonical.toString());
+    }
+
+    // Trim the same ASCII whitespace that BE trims.
+    private static String trimAsciiWhitespace(String value) {
+        int begin = 0;
+        int end = value.length();
+        while (begin < end && isAsciiWhitespace(value.charAt(begin))) {
+            ++begin;
+        }
+        while (end > begin && isAsciiWhitespace(value.charAt(end - 1))) {
+            --end;
+        }
+        return value.substring(begin, end);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isAsciiWhitespace(char value) {
+        return value == ' ' || (value >= '\t' && value <= '\r');
+    }
+
+    // BE consumes an ASCII alphanumeric run before it consults extra_chars.
+    private static void canonicalizeBasicExtraChars(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        String extraChars = properties.get("extra_chars");
+        if (extraChars == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean[] present = new boolean[128];
+        for (int i = 0; i < extraChars.length(); ++i) {
+            char value = extraChars.charAt(i);
+            if (value >= present.length) {
+                return;
+            }
+            boolean alphanumeric = (value >= '0' && value <= '9') || (value >= 
'A' && value <= 'Z')
+                    || (value >= 'a' && value <= 'z');
+            present[value] = !alphanumeric;
+        }
+        StringBuilder canonical = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < present.length; ++i) {
+            if (present[i]) {
+                canonical.append((char) i);
+            }
+        }
+        if (canonical.length() == 0) {
+            properties.remove("extra_chars");
+        } else {
+            properties.put("extra_chars", canonical.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void canonicalizePinyinDependencies(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, IndexPolicyTypeEnum 
expectedType) {
+        Boolean keepFirstLetter = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_first_letter", true);
+        Boolean keepFullPinyin = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_full_pinyin", true);
+        Boolean keepSeparateFirstLetter = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_separate_first_letter", false);
+        Boolean keepOriginal = effectiveBoolean(properties, "keep_original", 
false);
+        Boolean keepNoneChinese = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_none_chinese", true);
+        Boolean keepNoneChineseTogether = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_none_chinese_together", true);
+        Boolean noneChinesePinyinTokenize = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize", true);
+        Boolean ignorePinyinOffset = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"ignore_pinyin_offset", true);
+        Boolean keepJoinedFullPinyin = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_joined_full_pinyin", false);
+        // Only the pinyin tokenizer also consults 
keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin, when no
+        // other setting settles whether it emits an untokenized ASCII buffer.
+        boolean tokenizerReadsJoinedSetting = expectedType == 
IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
+                && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChinese)
+                && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChineseTogether)
+                && !Boolean.TRUE.equals(noneChinesePinyinTokenize)
+                && !Boolean.TRUE.equals(keepFirstLetter)
+                && !Boolean.TRUE.equals(keepSeparateFirstLetter)
+                && !Boolean.TRUE.equals(keepFullPinyin);
+
+        // The tokenizer only trims its candidates, and without the original 
every candidate is
+        // pinyin or ASCII alphanumerics; the token filter also trims the 
incoming token.
+        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER && 
Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepOriginal)) {
+            properties.remove("trim_whitespace");
+        }
+
+        // With every per-character candidate disabled at most one term is 
emitted per input, the
+        // joined pinyin or the token filter's fallback original, so nothing 
can be a duplicate.
+        if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepFirstLetter) && 
Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepFullPinyin)

Review Comment:
   Confirmed in BE: without per-character outputs, all remaining Pinyin 
candidates use position 1, and the token filter resets its dedup set for each 
input token. Term-only and term-plus-position keys therefore select the same 
candidates. Commit 0e06be4 removes the flag under those gates; tests cover 
first-letter-only, first-plus-joined, and original-only cases, with 
multi-position outputs as negatives. The targeted test passed.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/analysis/invertedindex/AnalyzerIdentityBuilder.java:
##########
@@ -150,47 +302,589 @@ private static String 
buildIdentityFromPolicyProperties(IndexPolicyTypeEnum type
      * Resolve a component (tokenizer) to its identity.
      */
     private static String resolveComponentIdentity(String name, 
IndexPolicyTypeEnum expectedType) {
+        return resolveComponentIdentity(name, expectedType, null);
+    }
+
+    /** {@code fold} is the case-folding context of a char filter, or null 
without a downstream fold. */
+    private static String resolveComponentIdentity(
+            String name, IndexPolicyTypeEnum expectedType, FoldContext fold) {
         if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(name)) {
             return "";
         }
 
-        // Check if it's a built-in component
-        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
-                && IndexPolicy.BUILTIN_TOKENIZERS.contains(name)) {
-            return name;
+        // Existing named policies take precedence over built-ins for upgrade 
compatibility.
+        try {
+            Env env = Env.getCurrentEnv();
+            if (env != null && env.getIndexPolicyMgr() != null) {
+                IndexPolicy policy = 
env.getIndexPolicyMgr().getPolicyByName(name);
+                if (policy != null && policy.getType() == expectedType) {
+                    if (policy.isInvalid()) {
+                        return "invalid-policy:" + policy.getId() + ":" + 
policy.getName();
+                    }
+                    Map<String, String> props = policy.getProperties();
+                    if (props != null && !props.isEmpty()) {
+                        TreeMap<String, String> sortedProps = new 
TreeMap<>(props);
+                        String type = sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE);
+                        String normalizedType = 
normalizeBuiltinComponentName(type, expectedType);
+                        if (normalizedType != null) {
+                            if ("empty".equals(normalizedType)) {
+                                return "";
+                            }
+                            sortedProps.put(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE, 
normalizedType);
+                            canonicalizeEffectiveComponentProperties(
+                                    sortedProps, normalizedType, expectedType);
+                            if (sortedProps.size() == 1) {
+                                return normalizedType;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
+                                && 
"ngram".equals(sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE))) {
+                            // This setting only limits policy creation; it 
does not change emitted tokens.
+                            sortedProps.remove(PROP_MAX_NGRAM_DIFF);
+                        }
+                        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.CHAR_FILTER
+                                && 
CHAR_REPLACE_FILTER.equals(sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE))) {
+                            String replacement = sortedProps.getOrDefault(
+                                    PROP_REPLACEMENT, 
CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT);
+                            String pattern = canonicalizeCharReplacePattern(
+                                    sortedProps.getOrDefault(PROP_PATTERN, 
CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_PATTERN),
+                                    replacement, fold);
+                            if (pattern.isEmpty()) {
+                                return "";
+                            }
+                            if (isCharReplaceDefault(pattern, replacement, 
fold)) {
+                                // Restating the factory defaults is the bare 
built-in reference.
+                                sortedProps.remove(PROP_PATTERN);
+                                sortedProps.remove(PROP_REPLACEMENT);
+                            } else {
+                                sortedProps.put(PROP_PATTERN, pattern);
+                                sortedProps.put(PROP_REPLACEMENT, replacement);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (normalizedType != null && sortedProps.size() == 1) 
{
+                            return normalizedType;
+                        }
+                        return sortedProps.toString();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            // Fall through to built-in resolution or the original name.
+        }
+
+        String normalizedName = normalizeBuiltinComponentName(name, 
expectedType);
+        return "empty".equals(normalizedName) ? "" : normalizedName == null ? 
name : normalizedName;
+    }
+
+    /** Whether this canonical char_replace configuration is what a bare 
built-in reference gets. */
+    private static boolean isCharReplaceDefault(String pattern, String 
replacement, FoldContext fold) {
+        return CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_REPLACEMENT.equals(replacement)
+                && canonicalizeCharReplacePattern(
+                        CHAR_REPLACE_DEFAULT_PATTERN, replacement, 
fold).equals(pattern);
+    }
+
+    private static void canonicalizeEffectiveComponentProperties(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, String type, 
IndexPolicyTypeEnum expectedType) {
+        if ("pinyin".equals(type)) {
+            removeBooleanDefaults(properties, true,
+                    "keep_first_letter", "keep_full_pinyin", 
"keep_none_chinese",
+                    "keep_none_chinese_together", 
"keep_none_chinese_in_first_letter",
+                    "lowercase", "trim_whitespace", "ignore_pinyin_offset",
+                    "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize");
+            removeBooleanDefaults(properties, false,
+                    "keep_separate_first_letter", "keep_joined_full_pinyin", 
"keep_original",
+                    "keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin", 
"remove_duplicated_term",
+                    "fixed_pinyin_offset", "keep_separate_chinese");
+            removeIntegerDefault(properties, "limit_first_letter_length", 16);
+            canonicalizePinyinDependencies(properties, expectedType);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKEN_FILTER) {
+            if ("asciifolding".equals(type)) {
+                removeBooleanDefaults(properties, false, "preserve_original");
+            } else if ("word_delimiter".equals(type)) {
+                removeBooleanDefaults(properties, true, "generate_word_parts", 
"generate_number_parts",
+                        "split_on_case_change", "split_on_numerics", 
"stem_english_possessive");
+                removeBooleanDefaults(properties, false, "catenate_words", 
"catenate_numbers",
+                        "catenate_all", "preserve_original");
+                canonicalizeWordSet(properties, "protected_words");
+                canonicalizeTypeTable(properties);
+            } else if ("icu_normalizer".equals(type)) {
+                canonicalizeIcuNormalizerDefaults(properties, false);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.CHAR_FILTER) {
+            if ("icu_normalizer".equals(type)) {
+                canonicalizeIcuNormalizerDefaults(properties, true);
+            }
+            return;
         }
 
-        // For custom component, get its properties
+        if (expectedType != IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER) {
+            return;
+        }
+        switch (type) {
+            case "ngram":
+            case "edge_ngram":
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "min_gram", 1);
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "max_gram", 2);
+                canonicalizeWordSet(properties, "token_chars");
+                canonicalizeCustomTokenChars(properties);
+                break;
+            case "standard":
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "max_token_length", 255);
+                break;
+            case "char_group":
+                removeIntegerDefault(properties, "max_token_length", 255);
+                canonicalizeTokenizeOnChars(properties);
+                break;
+            case "keyword":
+                // BE only range-checks buffer_size; the emitted term is 
always capped by a constant.
+                properties.remove("buffer_size");
+                break;
+            case "basic":
+                canonicalizeBasicExtraChars(properties);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void removeBooleanDefaults(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, boolean defaultValue, 
String... keys) {
+        for (String key : keys) {
+            String value = properties.get(key);
+            if (value == null || !("true".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || 
"false".equalsIgnoreCase(value))) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            boolean parsed = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+            if (parsed == defaultValue) {
+                properties.remove(key);
+            } else {
+                properties.put(key, Boolean.toString(parsed));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void removeIntegerDefault(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, String key, int defaultValue) {
+        String value = properties.get(key);
+        if (value == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         try {
-            Env env = Env.getCurrentEnv();
-            if (env == null || env.getIndexPolicyMgr() == null) {
-                return name;
+            int parsed = Integer.parseInt(value);
+            if (parsed == defaultValue) {
+                properties.remove(key);
+            } else {
+                properties.put(key, Integer.toString(parsed));
             }
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            // Invalid policies keep their original identity.
+        }
+    }
 
-            IndexPolicy policy = env.getIndexPolicyMgr().getPolicyByName(name);
-            if (policy == null || policy.getType() != expectedType) {
-                return name;
+    private static void canonicalizeIcuNormalizerDefaults(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, boolean hasMode) {
+        String name = properties.get("name");
+        if (name != null) {
+            String normalizedName = name.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
+            if ("nfkc_cf".equals(normalizedName)) {
+                properties.remove("name");
+            } else {
+                properties.put("name", normalizedName);
             }
-            if (policy.isInvalid()) {
-                return "invalid-policy:" + policy.getId() + ":" + 
policy.getName();
+        }
+        String filter = properties.get("unicode_set_filter");
+        if (filter != null && filter.isEmpty()) {
+            // BE treats an explicit empty string like an absent filter.
+            properties.remove("unicode_set_filter");
+        } else if (filter != null) {
+            try {
+                UnicodeSet unicodeSet = new UnicodeSet(filter);
+                if (unicodeSet.isEmpty()) {
+                    properties.remove("unicode_set_filter");
+                } else {
+                    properties.put("unicode_set_filter", 
unicodeSet.toPattern(false));
+                }
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Invalid policies keep their original identity.
             }
+        }
+        if (hasMode) {
+            canonicalizeIcuNormalizerMode(properties);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void canonicalizeIcuNormalizerMode(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        removeStringDefault(properties, "mode", "compose");
+        if (!"decompose".equals(properties.get("mode"))) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // BE ignores mode for nfd/nfkd, and nfc/nfkc in decompose mode are 
the same ICU instances.
+        String name = properties.get("name");
+        if ("nfc".equals(name) || "nfd".equals(name)) {
+            properties.put("name", "nfd");
+            properties.remove("mode");
+        } else if ("nfkc".equals(name) || "nfkd".equals(name)) {
+            properties.put("name", "nfkd");
+            properties.remove("mode");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // BE reads these settings as unordered sets of trimmed, non-empty words.
+    private static void canonicalizeWordSet(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties, String key) {
+        String value = properties.get(key);
+        if (value == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        TreeSet<String> words = new TreeSet<>();
+        for (String word : value.split(",")) {
+            String trimmed = trimAsciiWhitespace(word);
+            if (!trimmed.isEmpty()) {
+                words.add(trimmed);
+            }
+        }
+        if (words.isEmpty()) {
+            properties.remove(key);
+        } else {
+            properties.put(key, String.join(",", words));
+        }
+    }
 
-            Map<String, String> props = policy.getProperties();
-            if (props == null || props.isEmpty()) {
-                return name;
+    // BE matches custom token characters as a code point set ORed with the 
named classes.
+    private static void canonicalizeCustomTokenChars(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        String value = properties.get("custom_token_chars");
+        if (value == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        String tokenChars = properties.getOrDefault("token_chars", "");
+        Set<String> classes = new TreeSet<>(List.of(tokenChars.split(",")));
+        StringBuilder canonical = new StringBuilder();
+        value.codePoints().distinct().sorted()
+                .filter(codePoint -> !isCoveredByAsciiClass(codePoint, 
classes))
+                .forEach(canonical::appendCodePoint);
+        if (canonical.length() == 0 && !value.isEmpty() && 
classes.remove("custom")) {
+            properties.remove("custom_token_chars");
+            properties.put("token_chars", String.join(",", classes));
+            return;
+        }
+        properties.put("custom_token_chars", canonical.toString());
+    }
+
+    // BE collects tokenize_on_chars entries into sets and checks the 
categories before the literals.
+    private static void canonicalizeTokenizeOnChars(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        List<String> entries = 
parseEntryList(properties.get("tokenize_on_chars"));
+        if (entries == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        TreeSet<String> canonical = new TreeSet<>(entries);
+        Set<String> classes = new TreeSet<>(canonical);
+        classes.retainAll(CHAR_GROUP_TYPES);
+        canonical.removeIf(entry -> entry.indexOf('\\') < 0
+                && entry.codePointCount(0, entry.length()) == 1
+                && isCoveredByAsciiClass(entry.codePointAt(0), classes));
+        putEntryList(properties, "tokenize_on_chars", canonical);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether a named character class of the ngram or char_group tokenizer 
already matches this
+     * code point. Only ASCII is judged: its categories never change between 
the ICU versions FE
+     * and BE link against, and the class predicates agree there.
+     */
+    private static boolean isCoveredByAsciiClass(int codePoint, Set<String> 
classes) {
+        if (codePoint >= 128) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int type = UCharacter.getType(codePoint);
+        for (String name : classes) {
+            switch (name) {
+                case "letter":
+                    if (UCharacter.isLetter(codePoint)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "digit":
+                    if (UCharacter.isDigit(codePoint)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "whitespace":
+                    if (UCharacter.isWhitespace(codePoint)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "punctuation":
+                    if (type == UCharacter.START_PUNCTUATION || type == 
UCharacter.END_PUNCTUATION
+                            || type == UCharacter.OTHER_PUNCTUATION || type == 
UCharacter.CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
+                            || type == UCharacter.DASH_PUNCTUATION || type == 
UCharacter.INITIAL_PUNCTUATION
+                            || type == UCharacter.FINAL_PUNCTUATION) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case "symbol":
+                    if (type == UCharacter.CURRENCY_SYMBOL || type == 
UCharacter.MATH_SYMBOL
+                            || type == UCharacter.OTHER_SYMBOL || type == 
UCharacter.MODIFIER_SYMBOL) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
             }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
 
-            // Build identity from sorted properties
-            TreeMap<String, String> sortedProps = new TreeMap<>(props);
-            if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
-                    && "ngram".equals(sortedProps.get(IndexPolicy.PROP_TYPE))) 
{
-                // This setting only limits policy creation; it does not 
change emitted tokens.
-                sortedProps.remove(PROP_MAX_NGRAM_DIFF);
+    // BE builds a per-character type map where a later rule for the same 
character wins.
+    private static void canonicalizeTypeTable(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        List<String> rules = parseEntryList(properties.get("type_table"));
+        if (rules == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        TreeMap<Integer, String> types = new TreeMap<>();
+        for (String rule : rules) {
+            int arrow = rule.lastIndexOf("=>");
+            if (arrow < 0 || rule.indexOf('\n') >= 0 || rule.indexOf('\r') >= 
0) {
+                return;
             }
-            return sortedProps.toString();
-        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
-            return name;
+            String character = trimAsciiWhitespace(rule.substring(0, arrow));
+            String type = trimAsciiWhitespace(rule.substring(arrow + 2));
+            // Escaped characters keep the original identity rather than 
reproducing BE unescaping.
+            if (character.indexOf('\\') >= 0 || character.codePointCount(0, 
character.length()) != 1
+                    || !WORD_DELIMITER_TYPES.contains(type)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            types.put(character.codePointAt(0), type);
+        }
+        // A rule that restates BE's own classification changes nothing, but a 
table made only of
+        // such rules still replaces BE's default table, which classifies 
Latin-1 differently.
+        TreeMap<Integer, String> effectiveTypes = new TreeMap<>(types);
+        effectiveTypes.entrySet().removeIf(
+                entry -> 
entry.getValue().equals(defaultWordDelimiterType(entry.getKey())));
+        if (effectiveTypes.isEmpty()) {
+            effectiveTypes = types;
+        }
+        List<String> canonicalRules = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry : effectiveTypes.entrySet()) {
+            canonicalRules.add(new String(Character.toChars(entry.getKey())) + 
"=>" + entry.getValue());
+        }
+        putEntryList(properties, "type_table", canonicalRules);
+    }
+
+    /** BE's u_charType classification of an ASCII code point, or null for 
anything else. */
+    private static String defaultWordDelimiterType(int codePoint) {
+        if (codePoint >= 128) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        switch (UCharacter.getType(codePoint)) {
+            case UCharacter.UPPERCASE_LETTER:
+                return "UPPER";
+            case UCharacter.LOWERCASE_LETTER:
+                return "LOWER";
+            case UCharacter.DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER:
+                return "DIGIT";
+            default:
+                return "SUBWORD_DELIM";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Parse a bracketed entry list as BE does, or return null for a 
malformed list. */
+    private static List<String> parseEntryList(String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        List<String> entries = new ArrayList<>();
+        String trimmed = trimAsciiWhitespace(value);
+        if (trimmed.isEmpty()) {
+            return entries;
+        }
+        for (String item : ENTRY_SEPARATOR.split(trimmed)) {
+            String entry = trimAsciiWhitespace(item);
+            if (entry.length() < 2 || entry.charAt(0) != '[' || 
entry.charAt(entry.length() - 1) != ']') {
+                return null;
+            }
+            String content = entry.substring(1, entry.length() - 1);
+            if (!content.isEmpty()) {
+                entries.add(content);
+            }
+        }
+        return entries;
+    }
+
+    private static void putEntryList(TreeMap<String, String> properties, 
String key, Collection<String> entries) {
+        if (entries.isEmpty()) {
+            properties.remove(key);
+            return;
+        }
+        StringBuilder canonical = new StringBuilder();
+        for (String entry : entries) {
+            if (canonical.length() > 0) {
+                canonical.append(",");
+            }
+            canonical.append("[").append(entry).append("]");
+        }
+        properties.put(key, canonical.toString());
+    }
+
+    // Trim the same ASCII whitespace that BE trims.
+    private static String trimAsciiWhitespace(String value) {
+        int begin = 0;
+        int end = value.length();
+        while (begin < end && isAsciiWhitespace(value.charAt(begin))) {
+            ++begin;
+        }
+        while (end > begin && isAsciiWhitespace(value.charAt(end - 1))) {
+            --end;
+        }
+        return value.substring(begin, end);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isAsciiWhitespace(char value) {
+        return value == ' ' || (value >= '\t' && value <= '\r');
+    }
+
+    // BE consumes an ASCII alphanumeric run before it consults extra_chars.
+    private static void canonicalizeBasicExtraChars(TreeMap<String, String> 
properties) {
+        String extraChars = properties.get("extra_chars");
+        if (extraChars == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean[] present = new boolean[128];
+        for (int i = 0; i < extraChars.length(); ++i) {
+            char value = extraChars.charAt(i);
+            if (value >= present.length) {
+                return;
+            }
+            boolean alphanumeric = (value >= '0' && value <= '9') || (value >= 
'A' && value <= 'Z')
+                    || (value >= 'a' && value <= 'z');
+            present[value] = !alphanumeric;
+        }
+        StringBuilder canonical = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < present.length; ++i) {
+            if (present[i]) {
+                canonical.append((char) i);
+            }
+        }
+        if (canonical.length() == 0) {
+            properties.remove("extra_chars");
+        } else {
+            properties.put("extra_chars", canonical.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void canonicalizePinyinDependencies(
+            TreeMap<String, String> properties, IndexPolicyTypeEnum 
expectedType) {
+        Boolean keepFirstLetter = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_first_letter", true);
+        Boolean keepFullPinyin = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_full_pinyin", true);
+        Boolean keepSeparateFirstLetter = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_separate_first_letter", false);
+        Boolean keepOriginal = effectiveBoolean(properties, "keep_original", 
false);
+        Boolean keepNoneChinese = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_none_chinese", true);
+        Boolean keepNoneChineseTogether = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_none_chinese_together", true);
+        Boolean noneChinesePinyinTokenize = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize", true);
+        Boolean ignorePinyinOffset = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"ignore_pinyin_offset", true);
+        Boolean keepJoinedFullPinyin = effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_joined_full_pinyin", false);
+        // Only the pinyin tokenizer also consults 
keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin, when no
+        // other setting settles whether it emits an untokenized ASCII buffer.
+        boolean tokenizerReadsJoinedSetting = expectedType == 
IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
+                && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChinese)
+                && !Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChineseTogether)
+                && !Boolean.TRUE.equals(noneChinesePinyinTokenize)
+                && !Boolean.TRUE.equals(keepFirstLetter)
+                && !Boolean.TRUE.equals(keepSeparateFirstLetter)
+                && !Boolean.TRUE.equals(keepFullPinyin);
+
+        // The tokenizer only trims its candidates, and without the original 
every candidate is
+        // pinyin or ASCII alphanumerics; the token filter also trims the 
incoming token.
+        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER && 
Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepOriginal)) {
+            properties.remove("trim_whitespace");
+        }
+
+        // With every per-character candidate disabled at most one term is 
emitted per input, the
+        // joined pinyin or the token filter's fallback original, so nothing 
can be a duplicate.
+        if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepFirstLetter) && 
Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepFullPinyin)
+                && Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepSeparateFirstLetter) && 
Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepOriginal)
+                && Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChinese)
+                && Boolean.FALSE.equals(effectiveBoolean(properties, 
"keep_separate_chinese", false))) {
+            properties.remove("remove_duplicated_term");
+        }
+
+        if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepFirstLetter)) {
+            properties.remove("limit_first_letter_length");
+            properties.remove("keep_none_chinese_in_first_letter");
+        }
+
+        if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChinese)) {
+            properties.remove("keep_none_chinese_together");
+            properties.remove("none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize");
+        } else if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(keepNoneChinese) && 
Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChineseTogether)) {
+            // BE emits each ASCII letter on its own here and never tokenizes 
an ASCII buffer.
+            properties.remove("none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize");
         }
+
+        if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(ignorePinyinOffset)
+                || Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChinese)
+                || Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChineseTogether)
+                || Boolean.FALSE.equals(noneChinesePinyinTokenize)) {
+            properties.remove("fixed_pinyin_offset");
+        }
+
+        // The joined full pinyin buffer is only emitted behind 
keep_joined_full_pinyin.
+        if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepJoinedFullPinyin) && 
!tokenizerReadsJoinedSetting) {
+            properties.remove("keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin");
+        }
+
+        // With the original, ASCII, first-letter and joined outputs all 
disabled, every candidate
+        // the tokenizer emits comes from the pinyin dictionary, which is 
already lower case. The
+        // token filter keeps the setting: it falls back to the original token 
when nothing else
+        // would be emitted.
+        if (expectedType == IndexPolicyTypeEnum.TOKENIZER
+                && Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepFirstLetter)
+                && Boolean.FALSE.equals(keepNoneChinese)

Review Comment:
   Confirmed: BE `PinyinAlphabetTokenizer::segPinyinStr` lowercases the ASCII 
buffer before tokenization, and dictionary Pinyin is lowercase. Commit 0e06be4 
drops `lowercase` from the tokenizer identity only when no source-case output 
survives. Tests cover the default ASCII path and keep separate or untokenized 
ASCII and the token filter as negatives; `AnalyzerIdentityBuilderTest` passed 
(53 tests).



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