FrankChen021 commented on code in PR #19386:
URL: https://github.com/apache/druid/pull/19386#discussion_r3161336330


##########
processing/src/main/java/org/apache/druid/math/expr/BuiltInExprMacros.java:
##########
@@ -214,4 +214,95 @@ public Object getLiteralValue()
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Expression macro for now() function that returns current system timestamp.
+   * Implemented as a macro to prevent constant folding optimization.
+   */
+  public static class NowExprMacro implements ExprMacroTable.ExprMacro
+  {
+    public static final String NAME = "now";
+
+    @Override
+    public String name()
+    {
+      return NAME;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Expr apply(List<Expr> args)
+    {
+      validationHelperCheckArgumentCount(args, 0);
+      return new NowExpression();
+    }
+
+    static final class NowExpression implements Expr
+    {
+      @Override
+      public ExprEval eval(ObjectBinding bindings)
+      {
+        return ExprEval.ofLong(System.currentTimeMillis());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String stringify()
+      {
+        return "now()";
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Expr visit(Shuttle shuttle)
+      {
+        return shuttle.visit(this);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public BindingAnalysis analyzeInputs()
+      {
+        // Return analysis indicating this is NOT constant
+        // by pretending we have a free variable
+        return new BindingAnalysis();

Review Comment:
   [P2] Prevent now() from being planned as constant
   
   Returning an empty BindingAnalysis makes ExpressionPlanner mark now() and 
expressions that only depend on now() as CONSTANT. Query-time expression 
selectors then build a ConstantExprEvalSelector and evaluate now() once when 
the selector is created, and expression filters/virtual columns also get stable 
cache keys, so native queries can reuse stale timestamps instead of evaluating 
at processing time. Add explicit non-deterministic handling, or otherwise keep 
now() out of constant selector/index/cache optimizations.



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