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vaughn pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-hugegraph.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/master by this push:
     new cc80d2774 fix redundant Checkstyle  (#1896)
cc80d2774 is described below

commit cc80d2774528f6858ba5f78642c00c7bd98cb5cf
Author: seagle <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Sun Oct 30 16:16:21 2022 +0800

    fix redundant Checkstyle  (#1896)
    
    * add redundant
    
    * add redundant check
    
    * merge line
    
    * update alignment
    
    * delete duplicates check MissingSwitchDefault
    
    * update wrap line
    
    * update code style
    
    * merge dev
    
    * merge master
---
 .github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml              |  6 +-
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/api/auth/AccessAPI.java    |  1 -
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/CypherAPI.java | 11 ++--
 .../baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/GremlinAPI.java    | 11 ----
 .../api/traversers/JaccardSimilarityAPI.java       |  4 +-
 .../baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeAuthenticator.java    | 60 ++++++++++----------
 .../baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeGraphAuthProxy.java   | 10 ++--
 .../hugegraph/auth/WsAndHttpBasicAuthHandler.java  |  6 +-
 .../java/com/baidu/hugegraph/define/Checkable.java |  4 +-
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/serializer/Serializer.java | 65 ++++++++++------------
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/analyzer/Analyzer.java     |  2 +-
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/Transaction.java   | 10 ++--
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/Cache.java   | 48 ++++++++--------
 .../hugegraph/backend/cache/CacheNotifier.java     | 12 ++--
 .../backend/cache/CachedGraphTransaction.java      |  8 +--
 .../backend/cache/CachedSchemaTransaction.java     | 16 +++---
 .../hugegraph/backend/cache/OffheapCache.java      |  6 +-
 .../java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/Id.java    | 24 ++++----
 .../baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/IdGenerator.java    |  2 +-
 .../baidu/hugegraph/backend/page/QueryList.java    |  6 +-
 .../baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Aggregate.java   |  6 +-
 .../hugegraph/backend/query/ConditionQuery.java    |  4 +-
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Query.java   |  2 +-
 .../store/AbstractBackendStoreProvider.java        |  1 -
 .../hugegraph/backend/store/BackendFeatures.java   | 48 ++++++++--------
 .../hugegraph/backend/store/BackendMetrics.java    | 30 +++++-----
 .../backend/store/raft/RaftGroupManager.java       | 14 ++---
 .../baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/ram/RamMap.java  |  8 +--
 .../src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/job/Job.java |  4 +-
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/job/computer/Computer.java |  8 +--
 .../baidu/hugegraph/plugin/HugeGraphPlugin.java    | 16 +++---
 .../hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Client.java     | 10 ++--
 .../hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Server.java     | 10 ++--
 .../hugegraph/schema/builder/SchemaBuilder.java    | 16 +++---
 .../java/com/baidu/hugegraph/task/TaskManager.java |  6 +-
 .../traversal/algorithm/records/Records.java       | 14 ++---
 .../traversal/algorithm/records/record/Record.java | 12 ++--
 .../algorithm/strategy/TraverseStrategy.java       | 20 +++----
 .../hugegraph/traversal/optimize/QueryHolder.java  | 20 +++----
 .../java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Idfiable.java    |  2 +-
 .../java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Indexable.java   |  2 +-
 .../java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Nameable.java    |  2 +-
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Propertiable.java     |  2 +-
 .../java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Typeable.java    |  2 +-
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphMode.java |  2 +-
 .../baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphReadMode.java |  2 +-
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/NodeRole.java  |  2 +-
 .../java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/RateLimiter.java |  8 +--
 .../hugegraph/util/collection/IntIterator.java     | 32 +++++------
 .../baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntMap.java    | 16 +++---
 .../baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntSet.java    | 36 ++++++------
 .../util/collection/ObjectIntMapping.java          |  6 +-
 .../backend/store/hbase/HbaseSessions.java         | 58 ++++++++++---------
 .../hugegraph/backend/store/hbase/HbaseStore.java  |  2 +-
 .../backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBSessions.java     |  2 +-
 .../backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBStore.java        | 15 ++---
 .../com/baidu/hugegraph/unit/UnitTestSuite.java    |  1 -
 style/checkstyle.xml                               |  5 +-
 58 files changed, 367 insertions(+), 391 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml 
b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
index 1d4b13bc5..5bcfa103c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a 
config file.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually 
(see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
 
     # â„šī¸ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -62,4 +62,4 @@ jobs:
     #   make release
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/auth/AccessAPI.java 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/auth/AccessAPI.java
index 5bf9c223b..7e9b61e2e 100644
--- a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/auth/AccessAPI.java
+++ b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/auth/AccessAPI.java
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ package com.baidu.hugegraph.api.auth;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
-import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.Consumes;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.DELETE;
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/CypherAPI.java 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/CypherAPI.java
index ac0bb63a5..082ff6bc7 100644
--- a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/CypherAPI.java
+++ b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/CypherAPI.java
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ public class CypherAPI extends GremlinQueryAPI {
 
     private static final Logger LOG = Log.logger(CypherAPI.class);
 
-
     @GET
     @Timed
     @CompressInterceptor.Compress(buffer = (1024 * 40))
@@ -82,11 +81,11 @@ public class CypherAPI extends GremlinQueryAPI {
         LOG.debug("translated gremlin is {}", gremlin);
 
         String auth = headers.getHeaderString(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
-        String request = "{"
-                         + "\"gremlin\":\"" + gremlin + "\","
-                         + "\"bindings\":{},"
-                         + "\"language\":\"gremlin-groovy\","
-                         + "\"aliases\":{\"g\":\"__g_" + graph + "\"}}";
+        String request = "{" +
+                         "\"gremlin\":\"" + gremlin + "\"," +
+                         "\"bindings\":{}," +
+                         "\"language\":\"gremlin-groovy\"," +
+                         "\"aliases\":{\"g\":\"__g_" + graph + "\"}}";
 
         Response response = this.client().doPostRequest(auth, request);
         return transformResponseIfNeeded(response);
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/GremlinAPI.java 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/GremlinAPI.java
index 8f1e8504a..f1283f8f5 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/GremlinAPI.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/gremlin/GremlinAPI.java
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@
 
 package com.baidu.hugegraph.api.gremlin;
 
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
-
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.Consumes;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;
@@ -30,22 +27,15 @@ import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders;
-import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Response;
 import jakarta.ws.rs.core.UriInfo;
 
-import com.baidu.hugegraph.api.API;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.api.filter.CompressInterceptor.Compress;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.config.HugeConfig;
-import com.baidu.hugegraph.config.ServerOptions;
-import com.baidu.hugegraph.exception.HugeGremlinException;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.metrics.MetricsUtil;
 import com.codahale.metrics.Histogram;
 import com.codahale.metrics.annotation.Timed;
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
-import jakarta.inject.Provider;
 import jakarta.inject.Singleton;
 
 @Path("gremlin")
@@ -58,7 +48,6 @@ public class GremlinAPI extends GremlinQueryAPI {
     private static final Histogram GREMLIN_OUTPUT_HISTOGRAM =
             MetricsUtil.registerHistogram(GremlinAPI.class, "gremlin-output");
 
-
     @POST
     @Timed
     @Compress
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/traversers/JaccardSimilarityAPI.java
 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/traversers/JaccardSimilarityAPI.java
index fbe09c9a3..d8ec29562 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/traversers/JaccardSimilarityAPI.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/api/traversers/JaccardSimilarityAPI.java
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ public class JaccardSimilarityAPI extends TraverserAPI {
         double similarity;
         try (JaccardSimilarTraverser traverser =
                                      new JaccardSimilarTraverser(g)) {
-             similarity = traverser.jaccardSimilarity(sourceId, targetId, dir,
-                                                      edgeLabel, maxDegree);
+            similarity = traverser.jaccardSimilarity(sourceId, targetId, dir,
+                                                     edgeLabel, maxDegree);
         }
         return JsonUtil.toJson(ImmutableMap.of("jaccard_similarity",
                                                similarity));
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeAuthenticator.java 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeAuthenticator.java
index b6369b355..88c5c7870 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeAuthenticator.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeAuthenticator.java
@@ -43,36 +43,33 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.util.JsonUtil;
 
 public interface HugeAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
 
-    public static final String KEY_USERNAME =
-                               CredentialGraphTokens.PROPERTY_USERNAME;
-    public static final String KEY_PASSWORD =
-                               CredentialGraphTokens.PROPERTY_PASSWORD;
-    public static final String KEY_TOKEN = "token";
-    public static final String KEY_ROLE = "role";
-    public static final String KEY_ADDRESS = "address";
-    public static final String KEY_PATH = "path";
+    String KEY_USERNAME = CredentialGraphTokens.PROPERTY_USERNAME;
+    String KEY_PASSWORD = CredentialGraphTokens.PROPERTY_PASSWORD;
+    String KEY_TOKEN = "token";
+    String KEY_ROLE = "role";
+    String KEY_ADDRESS = "address";
+    String KEY_PATH = "path";
 
-    public static final String USER_SYSTEM = "system";
-    public static final String USER_ADMIN = "admin";
-    public static final String USER_ANONY = 
AuthenticatedUser.ANONYMOUS_USERNAME;
+    String USER_SYSTEM = "system";
+    String USER_ADMIN = "admin";
+    String USER_ANONY = AuthenticatedUser.ANONYMOUS_USERNAME;
 
-    public static final RolePermission ROLE_NONE = RolePermission.none();
-    public static final RolePermission ROLE_ADMIN = RolePermission.admin();
+    RolePermission ROLE_NONE = RolePermission.none();
+    RolePermission ROLE_ADMIN = RolePermission.admin();
 
-    public static final String VAR_PREFIX = "$";
-    public static final String KEY_OWNER = VAR_PREFIX + "owner";
-    public static final String KEY_DYNAMIC = VAR_PREFIX + "dynamic";
-    public static final String KEY_ACTION = VAR_PREFIX + "action";
+    String VAR_PREFIX = "$";
+    String KEY_OWNER = VAR_PREFIX + "owner";
+    String KEY_DYNAMIC = VAR_PREFIX + "dynamic";
+    String KEY_ACTION = VAR_PREFIX + "action";
 
-    public void setup(HugeConfig config);
+    void setup(HugeConfig config);
 
-    public UserWithRole authenticate(String username, String password,
-                                     String token);
+    UserWithRole authenticate(String username, String password, String token);
 
-    public AuthManager authManager();
+    AuthManager authManager();
 
     @Override
-    public default void setup(final Map<String, Object> config) {
+    default void setup(final Map<String, Object> config) {
         E.checkState(config != null,
                      "Must provide a 'config' in the 'authentication'");
         String path = (String) config.get("tokens");
@@ -83,8 +80,9 @@ public interface HugeAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public default User authenticate(final Map<String, String> credentials)
-                                     throws AuthenticationException {
+    default User authenticate(final Map<String, String> credentials)
+            throws AuthenticationException {
+
         HugeGraphAuthProxy.resetContext();
 
         User user = User.ANONYMOUS;
@@ -115,11 +113,11 @@ public interface HugeAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public default boolean requireAuthentication() {
+    default boolean requireAuthentication() {
         return true;
     }
 
-    public default boolean verifyRole(RolePermission role) {
+    default boolean verifyRole(RolePermission role) {
         if (role == ROLE_NONE || role == null) {
             return false;
         } else {
@@ -127,9 +125,9 @@ public interface HugeAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
         }
     }
 
-    public void initAdminUser(String password) throws Exception;
+    void initAdminUser(String password) throws Exception;
 
-    public static HugeAuthenticator loadAuthenticator(HugeConfig conf) {
+    static HugeAuthenticator loadAuthenticator(HugeConfig conf) {
         String authClass = conf.get(ServerOptions.AUTHENTICATOR);
         if (authClass.isEmpty()) {
             return null;
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@ public interface HugeAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
         return authenticator;
     }
 
-    public static class User extends AuthenticatedUser {
+    class User extends AuthenticatedUser {
 
         public static final User ADMIN = new User(USER_ADMIN, ROLE_ADMIN);
         public static final User ANONYMOUS = new User(USER_ANONY, ROLE_ADMIN);
@@ -255,7 +253,7 @@ public interface HugeAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
         }
     }
 
-    public static class RolePerm {
+    class RolePerm {
 
         @JsonProperty("roles") // graph -> action -> resource
         private Map<String, Map<HugePermission, Object>> roles;
@@ -395,7 +393,7 @@ public interface HugeAuthenticator extends Authenticator {
         }
     }
 
-    public static class RequiredPerm {
+    class RequiredPerm {
 
         @JsonProperty("owner")
         private String owner;
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeGraphAuthProxy.java 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeGraphAuthProxy.java
index ad7fd3a7e..78a3fabf0 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeGraphAuthProxy.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/HugeGraphAuthProxy.java
@@ -1790,17 +1790,17 @@ public final class HugeGraphAuthProxy implements 
HugeGraph {
 
     private static final ThreadLocal<Context> CONTEXTS = new 
InheritableThreadLocal<>();
 
-    protected static final Context setContext(Context context) {
+    protected static Context setContext(Context context) {
         Context old = CONTEXTS.get();
         CONTEXTS.set(context);
         return old;
     }
 
-    protected static final void resetContext() {
+    protected static void resetContext() {
         CONTEXTS.remove();
     }
 
-    protected static final Context getContext() {
+    protected static Context getContext() {
         // Return task context first
         String taskContext = TaskManager.getContext();
         User user = User.fromJson(taskContext);
@@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ public final class HugeGraphAuthProxy implements 
HugeGraph {
         return CONTEXTS.get();
     }
 
-    protected static final String getContextString() {
+    protected static String getContextString() {
         Context context = getContext();
         if (context == null) {
             return null;
@@ -1819,7 +1819,7 @@ public final class HugeGraphAuthProxy implements 
HugeGraph {
         return context.user().toJson();
     }
 
-    protected static final void logUser(User user, String path) {
+    protected static void logUser(User user, String path) {
         LOG.info("User '{}' login from client [{}] with path '{}'",
                  user.username(), user.client(), path);
     }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/WsAndHttpBasicAuthHandler.java
 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/WsAndHttpBasicAuthHandler.java
index 514d8e03d..580173bd9 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/WsAndHttpBasicAuthHandler.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/auth/WsAndHttpBasicAuthHandler.java
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ public class WsAndHttpBasicAuthHandler extends 
SaslAuthenticationHandler {
             }
         }
 
-        private void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
+        private void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext context, Object msg) {
             // Close the connection as soon as the error message is sent.
-            ctx.writeAndFlush(new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, 
UNAUTHORIZED))
-               .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
+            context.writeAndFlush(new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, 
UNAUTHORIZED))
+                   .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
             ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
         }
     }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/define/Checkable.java 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/define/Checkable.java
index bbd5b27e3..387bf12b7 100644
--- a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/define/Checkable.java
+++ b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/define/Checkable.java
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ package com.baidu.hugegraph.define;
 
 public interface Checkable {
 
-    public void checkCreate(boolean isBatch);
+    void checkCreate(boolean isBatch);
 
-    public default void checkUpdate() {
+    default void checkUpdate() {
         this.checkCreate(false);
     }
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/serializer/Serializer.java 
b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/serializer/Serializer.java
index a7544d036..e5b1c1bce 100644
--- a/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/serializer/Serializer.java
+++ b/hugegraph-api/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/serializer/Serializer.java
@@ -42,65 +42,60 @@ import 
com.baidu.hugegraph.traversal.algorithm.SingleSourceShortestPathTraverser
 
 public interface Serializer {
 
-    public String writeMap(Map<?, ?> map);
+    String writeMap(Map<?, ?> map);
 
-    public String writeList(String label, Collection<?> list);
+    String writeList(String label, Collection<?> list);
 
-    public String writePropertyKey(PropertyKey propertyKey);
+    String writePropertyKey(PropertyKey propertyKey);
 
-    public String writePropertyKeys(List<PropertyKey> propertyKeys);
+    String writePropertyKeys(List<PropertyKey> propertyKeys);
 
-    public String writeVertexLabel(VertexLabel vertexLabel);
+    String writeVertexLabel(VertexLabel vertexLabel);
 
-    public String writeVertexLabels(List<VertexLabel> vertexLabels);
+    String writeVertexLabels(List<VertexLabel> vertexLabels);
 
-    public String writeEdgeLabel(EdgeLabel edgeLabel);
+    String writeEdgeLabel(EdgeLabel edgeLabel);
 
-    public String writeEdgeLabels(List<EdgeLabel> edgeLabels);
+    String writeEdgeLabels(List<EdgeLabel> edgeLabels);
 
-    public String writeIndexlabel(IndexLabel indexLabel);
+    String writeIndexlabel(IndexLabel indexLabel);
 
-    public String writeIndexlabels(List<IndexLabel> indexLabels);
+    String writeIndexlabels(List<IndexLabel> indexLabels);
 
-    public String writeTaskWithSchema(SchemaElement.TaskWithSchema tws);
+    String writeTaskWithSchema(SchemaElement.TaskWithSchema tws);
 
-    public String writeVertex(Vertex v);
+    String writeVertex(Vertex v);
 
-    public String writeVertices(Iterator<Vertex> vertices, boolean paging);
+    String writeVertices(Iterator<Vertex> vertices, boolean paging);
 
-    public String writeEdge(Edge e);
+    String writeEdge(Edge e);
 
-    public String writeEdges(Iterator<Edge> edges, boolean paging);
+    String writeEdges(Iterator<Edge> edges, boolean paging);
 
-    public String writeIds(List<Id> ids);
+    String writeIds(List<Id> ids);
 
-    public String writeAuthElement(AuthElement elem);
+    String writeAuthElement(AuthElement elem);
 
-    public <V extends AuthElement> String writeAuthElements(String label,
-                                                            List<V> users);
+    <V extends AuthElement> String writeAuthElements(String label, List<V> 
users);
 
-    public String writePaths(String name, Collection<HugeTraverser.Path> paths,
-                             boolean withCrossPoint, Iterator<Vertex> 
vertices);
+    String writePaths(String name, Collection<HugeTraverser.Path> paths,
+                      boolean withCrossPoint, Iterator<Vertex> vertices);
 
-    public default String writePaths(String name,
-                                     Collection<HugeTraverser.Path> paths,
-                                     boolean withCrossPoint) {
+    default String writePaths(String name, Collection<HugeTraverser.Path> 
paths,
+                              boolean withCrossPoint) {
         return this.writePaths(name, paths, withCrossPoint, null);
     }
 
-    public String writeCrosspoints(CrosspointsPaths paths,
-                                   Iterator<Vertex> iterator, boolean 
withPath);
+    String writeCrosspoints(CrosspointsPaths paths, Iterator<Vertex> iterator,
+                            boolean withPath);
 
-    public String writeSimilars(SimilarsMap similars,
-                                Iterator<Vertex> vertices);
+    String writeSimilars(SimilarsMap similars, Iterator<Vertex> vertices);
 
-    public String writeWeightedPath(NodeWithWeight path,
-                                    Iterator<Vertex> vertices);
+    String writeWeightedPath(NodeWithWeight path, Iterator<Vertex> vertices);
 
-    public String writeWeightedPaths(WeightedPaths paths,
-                                     Iterator<Vertex> vertices);
+    String writeWeightedPaths(WeightedPaths paths, Iterator<Vertex> vertices);
 
-    public String writeNodesWithPath(String name, List<Id> nodes, long size,
-                                     Collection<HugeTraverser.Path> paths,
-                                     Iterator<Vertex> vertices);
+    String writeNodesWithPath(String name, List<Id> nodes, long size,
+                              Collection<HugeTraverser.Path> paths,
+                              Iterator<Vertex> vertices);
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/analyzer/Analyzer.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/analyzer/Analyzer.java
index 52ce194ee..8cc137221 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/analyzer/Analyzer.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/analyzer/Analyzer.java
@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ import java.util.Set;
 
 public interface Analyzer {
 
-    public Set<String> segment(String text);
+    Set<String> segment(String text);
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/Transaction.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/Transaction.java
index b3c066b1e..bbf20a2b3 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/Transaction.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/Transaction.java
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ package com.baidu.hugegraph.backend;
 
 public interface Transaction {
 
-    public void commit() throws BackendException;
+    void commit() throws BackendException;
 
-    public void commitIfGtSize(int size) throws BackendException;
+    void commitIfGtSize(int size) throws BackendException;
 
-    public void rollback() throws BackendException;
+    void rollback() throws BackendException;
 
-    public boolean autoCommit();
+    boolean autoCommit();
 
-    public void close();
+    void close();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/Cache.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/Cache.java
index 7212a4b7f..f7f98efcd 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/Cache.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/Cache.java
@@ -24,48 +24,48 @@ import java.util.function.Function;
 
 public interface Cache<K, V> {
 
-    public static final String ACTION_INVALID = "invalid";
-    public static final String ACTION_CLEAR = "clear";
-    public static final String ACTION_INVALIDED = "invalided";
-    public static final String ACTION_CLEARED = "cleared";
+    String ACTION_INVALID = "invalid";
+    String ACTION_CLEAR = "clear";
+    String ACTION_INVALIDED = "invalided";
+    String ACTION_CLEARED = "cleared";
 
-    public V get(K id);
+    V get(K id);
 
-    public V getOrFetch(K id, Function<K, V> fetcher);
+    V getOrFetch(K id, Function<K, V> fetcher);
 
-    public boolean containsKey(K id);
+    boolean containsKey(K id);
 
-    public boolean update(K id, V value);
+    boolean update(K id, V value);
 
-    public boolean update(K id, V value, long timeOffset);
+    boolean update(K id, V value, long timeOffset);
 
-    public boolean updateIfAbsent(K id, V value);
+    boolean updateIfAbsent(K id, V value);
 
-    public boolean updateIfPresent(K id, V value);
+    boolean updateIfPresent(K id, V value);
 
-    public void invalidate(K id);
+    void invalidate(K id);
 
-    public void traverse(Consumer<V> consumer);
+    void traverse(Consumer<V> consumer);
 
-    public void clear();
+    void clear();
 
-    public void expire(long ms);
+    void expire(long ms);
 
-    public long expire();
+    long expire();
 
-    public long tick();
+    long tick();
 
-    public long capacity();
+    long capacity();
 
-    public long size();
+    long size();
 
-    public boolean enableMetrics(boolean enabled);
+    boolean enableMetrics(boolean enabled);
 
-    public long hits();
+    long hits();
 
-    public long miss();
+    long miss();
 
-    public <T> T attachment(T object);
+    <T> T attachment(T object);
 
-    public <T> T attachment();
+    <T> T attachment();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CacheNotifier.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CacheNotifier.java
index 39154807a..784d8e691 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CacheNotifier.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CacheNotifier.java
@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.type.HugeType;
 
 public interface CacheNotifier extends AutoCloseable {
 
-    public void invalid(HugeType type, Id id);
+    void invalid(HugeType type, Id id);
 
-    public void invalid2(HugeType type, Object[] ids);
+    void invalid2(HugeType type, Object[] ids);
 
-    public void clear(HugeType type);
+    void clear(HugeType type);
 
-    public void reload();
+    void reload();
 
-    public interface GraphCacheNotifier extends CacheNotifier {}
+    interface GraphCacheNotifier extends CacheNotifier {}
 
-    public interface SchemaCacheNotifier extends CacheNotifier {}
+    interface SchemaCacheNotifier extends CacheNotifier {}
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CachedGraphTransaction.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CachedGraphTransaction.java
index fed55dc8f..6ba16dca9 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CachedGraphTransaction.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CachedGraphTransaction.java
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ public final class CachedGraphTransaction extends 
GraphTransaction {
 
     @Override
     @Watched(prefix = "graphcache")
-    protected final Iterator<HugeVertex> queryVerticesFromBackend(Query query) 
{
+    protected Iterator<HugeVertex> queryVerticesFromBackend(Query query) {
         if (this.enableCacheVertex() &&
             query.idsSize() > 0 && query.conditionsSize() == 0) {
             return this.queryVerticesByIds((IdQuery) query);
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ public final class CachedGraphTransaction extends 
GraphTransaction {
 
     @Override
     @Watched(prefix = "graphcache")
-    protected final Iterator<HugeEdge> queryEdgesFromBackend(Query query) {
+    protected Iterator<HugeEdge> queryEdgesFromBackend(Query query) {
         RamTable ramtable = this.params().ramtable();
         if (ramtable != null && ramtable.matched(query)) {
             return ramtable.query(query);
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ public final class CachedGraphTransaction extends 
GraphTransaction {
 
     @Override
     @Watched(prefix = "graphcache")
-    protected final void commitMutation2Backend(BackendMutation... mutations) {
+    protected void commitMutation2Backend(BackendMutation... mutations) {
         // Collect changes before commit
         Collection<HugeVertex> updates = this.verticesInTxUpdated();
         Collection<HugeVertex> deletions = this.verticesInTxRemoved();
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ public final class CachedGraphTransaction extends 
GraphTransaction {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public final void removeIndex(IndexLabel indexLabel) {
+    public void removeIndex(IndexLabel indexLabel) {
         try {
             super.removeIndex(indexLabel);
         } finally {
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CachedSchemaTransaction.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CachedSchemaTransaction.java
index 331b038df..a145b53fa 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CachedSchemaTransaction.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/CachedSchemaTransaction.java
@@ -137,22 +137,22 @@ public final class CachedSchemaTransaction extends 
SchemaTransaction {
         schemaEventHub.unlisten(Events.CACHE, this.cacheEventListener);
     }
 
-    private final void notifyChanges(String action, HugeType type, Id id) {
+    private void notifyChanges(String action, HugeType type, Id id) {
         EventHub graphEventHub = this.params().schemaEventHub();
         graphEventHub.notify(Events.CACHE, action, type, id);
     }
 
-    private final void notifyChanges(String action, HugeType type) {
+    private void notifyChanges(String action, HugeType type) {
         EventHub graphEventHub = this.params().schemaEventHub();
         graphEventHub.notify(Events.CACHE, action, type);
     }
 
-    private final void resetCachedAll(HugeType type) {
+    private void resetCachedAll(HugeType type) {
         // Set the cache all flag of the schema type to false
         this.cachedTypes().put(type, false);
     }
 
-    private final void resetCachedAllIfReachedCapacity() {
+    private void resetCachedAllIfReachedCapacity() {
         if (this.idCache.size() >= this.idCache.capacity()) {
             LOG.warn("Schema cache reached capacity({}): {}",
                      this.idCache.capacity(), this.idCache.size());
@@ -160,11 +160,11 @@ public final class CachedSchemaTransaction extends 
SchemaTransaction {
         }
     }
 
-    private final CachedTypes cachedTypes() {
+    private CachedTypes cachedTypes() {
         return this.arrayCaches.cachedTypes();
     }
 
-    private final void clearCache(boolean notify) {
+    private void clearCache(boolean notify) {
         this.idCache.clear();
         this.nameCache.clear();
         this.arrayCaches.clear();
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ public final class CachedSchemaTransaction extends 
SchemaTransaction {
         }
     }
 
-    private final void updateCache(SchemaElement schema) {
+    private void updateCache(SchemaElement schema) {
         this.resetCachedAllIfReachedCapacity();
 
         // update id cache
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public final class CachedSchemaTransaction extends 
SchemaTransaction {
         this.arrayCaches.updateIfNeeded(schema);
     }
 
-    private final void invalidateCache(HugeType type, Id id) {
+    private void invalidateCache(HugeType type, Id id) {
         // remove from id cache and name cache
         Id prefixedId = generateId(type, id);
         Object value = this.idCache.get(prefixedId);
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/OffheapCache.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/OffheapCache.java
index 993809750..cc3ccf05c 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/OffheapCache.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/cache/OffheapCache.java
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ public class OffheapCache extends AbstractCache<Id, Object> 
{
         }
     }
 
-    private static enum ValueType {
+    private enum ValueType {
 
         UNKNOWN,
         LIST,
@@ -365,11 +365,11 @@ public class OffheapCache extends AbstractCache<Id, 
Object> {
 
         private DataType dataType;
 
-        private ValueType() {
+        ValueType() {
             this(DataType.UNKNOWN);
         }
 
-        private ValueType(DataType dataType) {
+        ValueType(DataType dataType) {
             this.dataType = dataType;
         }
 
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/Id.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/Id.java
index 78afad482..06cf053cf 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/Id.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/Id.java
@@ -23,37 +23,37 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.util.E;
 
 public interface Id extends Comparable<Id> {
 
-    public static final int UUID_LENGTH = 16;
+    int UUID_LENGTH = 16;
 
-    public Object asObject();
+    Object asObject();
 
-    public String asString();
+    String asString();
 
-    public long asLong();
+    long asLong();
 
-    public byte[] asBytes();
+    byte[] asBytes();
 
-    public int length();
+    int length();
 
-    public IdType type();
+    IdType type();
 
-    public default boolean number() {
+    default boolean number() {
         return this.type() == IdType.LONG;
     }
 
-    public default boolean uuid() {
+    default boolean uuid() {
         return this.type() == IdType.UUID;
     }
 
-    public default boolean string() {
+    default boolean string() {
         return this.type() == IdType.STRING;
     }
 
-    public default boolean edge() {
+    default boolean edge() {
         return this.type() == IdType.EDGE;
     }
 
-    public enum IdType {
+    enum IdType {
 
         UNKNOWN,
         LONG,
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/IdGenerator.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/IdGenerator.java
index 3ab42ee77..a6b0b829b 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/IdGenerator.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/id/IdGenerator.java
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public abstract class IdGenerator {
         return IdType.UNKNOWN;
     }
 
-    private static final int compareType(Id id1, Id id2) {
+    private static int compareType(Id id1, Id id2) {
         return idType(id1).ordinal() - idType(id2).ordinal();
     }
 
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/page/QueryList.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/page/QueryList.java
index 4e2094586..a72ef072d 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/page/QueryList.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/page/QueryList.java
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public final class QueryList<R> {
          * For non-paging situation
          * @return          BackendEntry iterator
          */
-        public QueryResults<R> iterator();
+        QueryResults<R> iterator();
 
         /**
          * For paging situation
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ public final class QueryList<R> {
          * @param pageSize  set query page size
          * @return          BackendEntry iterator with page
          */
-        public PageResults<R> iterator(int index, String page, long pageSize);
+        PageResults<R> iterator(int index, String page, long pageSize);
 
-        public int total();
+        int total();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Aggregate.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Aggregate.java
index a9a0439a1..a5e5041e3 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Aggregate.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Aggregate.java
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public class Aggregate {
                              this.column == null ? "*" : this.column);
     }
 
-    public static enum AggregateFunc {
+    public enum AggregateFunc {
 
         COUNT("count", 0L, NumberHelper::add),
         MAX("max", -Double.MAX_VALUE, NumberHelper::max),
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ public class Aggregate {
         private final Number defaultValue;
         private final BiFunction<Number, Number, Number> merger;
 
-        private AggregateFunc(String name, Number defaultValue,
-                              BiFunction<Number, Number, Number> merger) {
+        AggregateFunc(String name, Number defaultValue,
+                      BiFunction<Number, Number, Number> merger) {
             this.name = name;
             this.defaultValue = defaultValue;
             this.merger = merger;
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/ConditionQuery.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/ConditionQuery.java
index 7deb444bc..6ccfbc025 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/ConditionQuery.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/ConditionQuery.java
@@ -875,8 +875,8 @@ public class ConditionQuery extends IdQuery {
         }
     }
 
-    public static interface ResultsFilter {
+    public interface ResultsFilter {
 
-        public boolean test(HugeElement element);
+        boolean test(HugeElement element);
     }
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Query.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Query.java
index 49e1fd8f4..397b313b5 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Query.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/query/Query.java
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ public class Query implements Cloneable {
         }
     }
 
-    public static enum Order {
+    public enum Order {
         ASC,
         DESC;
     }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/AbstractBackendStoreProvider.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/AbstractBackendStoreProvider.java
index 71075a31d..c94a25fcd 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/AbstractBackendStoreProvider.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/AbstractBackendStoreProvider.java
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import java.util.concurrent.Future;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 
 import com.alipay.remoting.rpc.RpcServer;
-import com.baidu.hugegraph.HugeGraph;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.backend.BackendException;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.backend.store.raft.StoreSnapshotFile;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.config.CoreOptions;
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/BackendFeatures.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/BackendFeatures.java
index cef6523e3..c1dac2780 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/BackendFeatures.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/BackendFeatures.java
@@ -21,57 +21,57 @@ package com.baidu.hugegraph.backend.store;
 
 public interface BackendFeatures {
 
-    public default boolean supportsPersistence() {
+    default boolean supportsPersistence() {
         return true;
     }
 
-    public default boolean supportsSharedStorage() {
+    default boolean supportsSharedStorage() {
         return true;
     }
 
-    public default boolean supportsSnapshot() {
+    default boolean supportsSnapshot() {
         return false;
     }
 
-    public boolean supportsScanToken();
+    boolean supportsScanToken();
 
-    public boolean supportsScanKeyPrefix();
+    boolean supportsScanKeyPrefix();
 
-    public boolean supportsScanKeyRange();
+    boolean supportsScanKeyRange();
 
-    public boolean supportsQuerySchemaByName();
+    boolean supportsQuerySchemaByName();
 
-    public boolean supportsQueryByLabel();
+    boolean supportsQueryByLabel();
 
-    public boolean supportsQueryWithInCondition();
+    boolean supportsQueryWithInCondition();
 
-    public boolean supportsQueryWithRangeCondition();
+    boolean supportsQueryWithRangeCondition();
 
-    public boolean supportsQueryWithContains();
+    boolean supportsQueryWithContains();
 
-    public boolean supportsQueryWithContainsKey();
+    boolean supportsQueryWithContainsKey();
 
-    public boolean supportsQueryWithOrderBy();
+    boolean supportsQueryWithOrderBy();
 
-    public boolean supportsQueryByPage();
+    boolean supportsQueryByPage();
 
-    public boolean supportsQuerySortByInputIds();
+    boolean supportsQuerySortByInputIds();
 
-    public boolean supportsDeleteEdgeByLabel();
+    boolean supportsDeleteEdgeByLabel();
 
-    public boolean supportsUpdateVertexProperty();
+    boolean supportsUpdateVertexProperty();
 
-    public boolean supportsMergeVertexProperty();
+    boolean supportsMergeVertexProperty();
 
-    public boolean supportsUpdateEdgeProperty();
+    boolean supportsUpdateEdgeProperty();
 
-    public boolean supportsTransaction();
+    boolean supportsTransaction();
 
-    public boolean supportsNumberType();
+    boolean supportsNumberType();
 
-    public boolean supportsAggregateProperty();
+    boolean supportsAggregateProperty();
 
-    public boolean supportsTtl();
+    boolean supportsTtl();
 
-    public boolean supportsOlapProperties();
+    boolean supportsOlapProperties();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/BackendMetrics.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/BackendMetrics.java
index e621c2e44..1a103f154 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/BackendMetrics.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/BackendMetrics.java
@@ -23,27 +23,27 @@ import java.util.Map;
 
 public interface BackendMetrics {
 
-    public String BACKEND = "backend";
+    String BACKEND = "backend";
 
-    public String NODES = "nodes";
-    public String CLUSTER_ID = "cluster_id";
-    public String SERVERS = "servers";
-    public String SERVER_LOCAL = "local";
-    public String SERVER_CLUSTER = "cluster";
+    String NODES = "nodes";
+    String CLUSTER_ID = "cluster_id";
+    String SERVERS = "servers";
+    String SERVER_LOCAL = "local";
+    String SERVER_CLUSTER = "cluster";
 
     // Memory related metrics
-    public String MEM_USED = "mem_used";
-    public String MEM_COMMITTED = "mem_committed";
-    public String MEM_MAX = "mem_max";
-    public String MEM_UNIT = "mem_unit";
+    String MEM_USED = "mem_used";
+    String MEM_COMMITTED = "mem_committed";
+    String MEM_MAX = "mem_max";
+    String MEM_UNIT = "mem_unit";
 
     // Data load related metrics
-    public String DISK_USAGE = "disk_usage";
-    public String DISK_UNIT = "disk_unit";
+    String DISK_USAGE = "disk_usage";
+    String DISK_UNIT = "disk_unit";
 
-    public String READABLE = "_readable";
+    String READABLE = "_readable";
 
-    public String EXCEPTION = "exception";
+    String EXCEPTION = "exception";
 
-    public Map<String, Object> metrics();
+    Map<String, Object> metrics();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/raft/RaftGroupManager.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/raft/RaftGroupManager.java
index c15ca4e89..7a786863b 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/raft/RaftGroupManager.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/raft/RaftGroupManager.java
@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@ import java.util.List;
 
 public interface RaftGroupManager {
 
-    public String group();
+    String group();
 
-    public List<String> listPeers();
+    List<String> listPeers();
 
-    public String getLeader();
+    String getLeader();
 
-    public String transferLeaderTo(String endpoint);
+    String transferLeaderTo(String endpoint);
 
-    public String setLeader(String endpoint);
+    String setLeader(String endpoint);
 
-    public String addPeer(String endpoint);
+    String addPeer(String endpoint);
 
-    public String removePeer(String endpoint);
+    String removePeer(String endpoint);
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/ram/RamMap.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/ram/RamMap.java
index 62c72a4c0..456f97e58 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/ram/RamMap.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/ram/RamMap.java
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 
 public interface RamMap {
 
-    public void clear();
+    void clear();
 
-    public long size();
+    long size();
 
-    public void writeTo(DataOutputStream buffer) throws IOException;
+    void writeTo(DataOutputStream buffer) throws IOException;
 
-    public void readFrom(DataInputStream buffer) throws IOException;
+    void readFrom(DataInputStream buffer) throws IOException;
 }
diff --git a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/job/Job.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/job/Job.java
index 3b7063d4b..32325a96f 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/job/Job.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/job/Job.java
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ package com.baidu.hugegraph.job;
 
 public interface Job<V> {
 
-    public String type();
+    String type();
 
-    public V execute() throws Exception;
+    V execute() throws Exception;
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/job/computer/Computer.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/job/computer/Computer.java
index 5d9521754..f73579659 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/job/computer/Computer.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/job/computer/Computer.java
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.job.Job;
 
 public interface Computer {
 
-    public String name();
+    String name();
 
-    public String category();
+    String category();
 
-    public Object call(Job<Object> job, Map<String, Object> parameters);
+    Object call(Job<Object> job, Map<String, Object> parameters);
 
-    public void checkParameters(Map<String, Object> parameters);
+    void checkParameters(Map<String, Object> parameters);
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/plugin/HugeGraphPlugin.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/plugin/HugeGraphPlugin.java
index c0897eab8..742e56ef4 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/plugin/HugeGraphPlugin.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/plugin/HugeGraphPlugin.java
@@ -26,27 +26,27 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.config.OptionSpace;
 
 public interface HugeGraphPlugin {
 
-    public String name();
+    String name();
 
-    public void register();
+    void register();
 
-    public String supportsMinVersion();
+    String supportsMinVersion();
 
-    public String supportsMaxVersion();
+    String supportsMaxVersion();
 
-    public static void registerOptions(String name, String classPath) {
+    static void registerOptions(String name, String classPath) {
         OptionSpace.register(name, classPath);
     }
 
-    public static void registerBackend(String name, String classPath) {
+    static void registerBackend(String name, String classPath) {
         BackendProviderFactory.register(name, classPath);
     }
 
-    public static void registerSerializer(String name, String classPath) {
+    static void registerSerializer(String name, String classPath) {
         SerializerFactory.register(name, classPath);
     }
 
-    public static void registerAnalyzer(String name, String classPath) {
+    static void registerAnalyzer(String name, String classPath) {
         AnalyzerFactory.register(name, classPath);
     }
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Client.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Client.java
index 13cfca96f..0833980d9 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Client.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Client.java
@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@ package com.baidu.hugegraph.rpc;
 
 public interface RpcServiceConfig4Client {
 
-    public <T> T serviceProxy(String interfaceId);
+    <T> T serviceProxy(String interfaceId);
 
-    public <T> T serviceProxy(String graph, String interfaceId);
+    <T> T serviceProxy(String graph, String interfaceId);
 
-    public default <T> T serviceProxy(Class<T> clazz) {
+    default <T> T serviceProxy(Class<T> clazz) {
         return this.serviceProxy(clazz.getName());
     }
 
-    public default <T> T serviceProxy(String graph, Class<T> clazz) {
+    default <T> T serviceProxy(String graph, Class<T> clazz) {
         return this.serviceProxy(graph, clazz.getName());
     }
 
-    public void removeAllServiceProxy();
+    void removeAllServiceProxy();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Server.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Server.java
index 7139073cf..23541e313 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Server.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/rpc/RpcServiceConfig4Server.java
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ package com.baidu.hugegraph.rpc;
 
 public interface RpcServiceConfig4Server {
 
-    public <T, S extends T> String addService(Class<T> clazz, S serviceImpl);
+    <T, S extends T> String addService(Class<T> clazz, S serviceImpl);
 
-    public <T, S extends T> String addService(String graph,
-                                              Class<T> clazz, S serviceImpl);
+    <T, S extends T> String addService(String graph, Class<T> clazz,
+                                       S serviceImpl);
 
-    public void removeService(String serviceId);
+    void removeService(String serviceId);
 
-    public void removeAllService();
+    void removeAllService();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/schema/builder/SchemaBuilder.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/schema/builder/SchemaBuilder.java
index 8f0b74e78..f09d4644a 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/schema/builder/SchemaBuilder.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/schema/builder/SchemaBuilder.java
@@ -24,19 +24,19 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.schema.SchemaElement;
 
 public interface SchemaBuilder<T extends SchemaElement> {
 
-    public SchemaBuilder<T> id(long id);
+    SchemaBuilder<T> id(long id);
 
-    public T build();
+    T build();
 
-    public T create();
+    T create();
 
-    public T append();
+    T append();
 
-    public T eliminate();
+    T eliminate();
 
-    public Id remove();
+    Id remove();
 
-    public SchemaBuilder<T> ifNotExist();
+    SchemaBuilder<T> ifNotExist();
 
-    public SchemaBuilder<T> checkExist(boolean checkExist);
+    SchemaBuilder<T> checkExist(boolean checkExist);
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/task/TaskManager.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/task/TaskManager.java
index 8d9040fa6..723391e0b 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/task/TaskManager.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/task/TaskManager.java
@@ -324,15 +324,15 @@ public final class TaskManager {
 
     private static final ThreadLocal<String> CONTEXTS = new ThreadLocal<>();
 
-    protected static final void setContext(String context) {
+    protected static void setContext(String context) {
         CONTEXTS.set(context);
     }
 
-    protected static final void resetContext() {
+    protected static void resetContext() {
         CONTEXTS.remove();
     }
 
-    public static final String getContext() {
+    public static String getContext() {
         return CONTEXTS.get();
     }
 
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/records/Records.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/records/Records.java
index 405ed933e..d5444cd82 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/records/Records.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/records/Records.java
@@ -26,16 +26,16 @@ import 
com.baidu.hugegraph.traversal.algorithm.HugeTraverser.PathSet;
 
 public interface Records {
 
-    public void startOneLayer(boolean forward);
+    void startOneLayer(boolean forward);
 
-    public void finishOneLayer();
+    void finishOneLayer();
 
-    public boolean hasNextKey();
+    boolean hasNextKey();
 
-    public Id nextKey();
+    Id nextKey();
 
-    public PathSet findPath(Id target, Function<Id, Boolean> filter,
-                            boolean all, boolean ring);
+    PathSet findPath(Id target, Function<Id, Boolean> filter, boolean all,
+                     boolean ring);
 
-    public long accessed();
+    long accessed();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/records/record/Record.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/records/record/Record.java
index f138243fe..0f50fa7b1 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/records/record/Record.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/records/record/Record.java
@@ -23,15 +23,15 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.util.collection.IntIterator;
 
 public interface Record {
 
-    public IntIterator keys();
+    IntIterator keys();
 
-    public boolean containsKey(int node);
+    boolean containsKey(int node);
 
-    public IntIterator get(int node);
+    IntIterator get(int node);
 
-    public void addPath(int node, int parent);
+    void addPath(int node, int parent);
 
-    public int size();
+    int size();
 
-    public boolean concurrent();
+    boolean concurrent();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/strategy/TraverseStrategy.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/strategy/TraverseStrategy.java
index 9bfc2759b..9d69e5cb5 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/strategy/TraverseStrategy.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/algorithm/strategy/TraverseStrategy.java
@@ -31,22 +31,20 @@ import 
com.baidu.hugegraph.traversal.algorithm.HugeTraverser;
 
 public interface TraverseStrategy {
 
-    public abstract void traverseOneLayer(
-                         Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> vertices,
-                         EdgeStep step, BiConsumer<Id, EdgeStep> consumer);
+    void traverseOneLayer(Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> vertices,
+                          EdgeStep step, BiConsumer<Id, EdgeStep> consumer);
 
-    public abstract Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> newMultiValueMap();
+    Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> newMultiValueMap();
 
-    public abstract Set<HugeTraverser.Path> newPathSet();
+    Set<HugeTraverser.Path> newPathSet();
 
-    public abstract void addNode(Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> vertices,
-                                 Id id, HugeTraverser.Node node);
+    void addNode(Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> vertices, Id id,
+                 HugeTraverser.Node node);
 
-    public abstract void addNewVerticesToAll(
-                         Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> newVertices,
-                         Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> targets);
+    void addNewVerticesToAll(Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> newVertices,
+                             Map<Id, List<HugeTraverser.Node>> targets);
 
-    public static TraverseStrategy create(boolean concurrent, HugeGraph graph) 
{
+    static TraverseStrategy create(boolean concurrent, HugeGraph graph) {
         return concurrent ? new ConcurrentTraverseStrategy(graph) :
                             new SingleTraverseStrategy(graph);
     }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/optimize/QueryHolder.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/optimize/QueryHolder.java
index 4cb344254..7584e4c55 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/optimize/QueryHolder.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/traversal/optimize/QueryHolder.java
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.iterator.Metadatable;
 
 public interface QueryHolder extends HasContainerHolder, Metadatable {
 
-    public static final String SYSPROP_PAGE = "~page";
+    String SYSPROP_PAGE = "~page";
 
-    public Iterator<?> lastTimeResults();
+    Iterator<?> lastTimeResults();
 
     @Override
-    public default Object metadata(String meta, Object... args) {
+    default Object metadata(String meta, Object... args) {
         Iterator<?> results = this.lastTimeResults();
         if (results instanceof Metadatable) {
             return ((Metadatable) results).metadata(meta, args);
@@ -43,30 +43,30 @@ public interface QueryHolder extends HasContainerHolder, 
Metadatable {
         throw new IllegalStateException("Original results is not Metadatable");
     }
 
-    public Query queryInfo();
+    Query queryInfo();
 
-    public default void orderBy(String key, Order order) {
+    default void orderBy(String key, Order order) {
         this.queryInfo().order(TraversalUtil.string2HugeKey(key),
                                TraversalUtil.convOrder(order));
     }
 
-    public default long setRange(long start, long end) {
+    default long setRange(long start, long end) {
         return this.queryInfo().range(start, end);
     }
 
-    public default void setPage(String page) {
+    default void setPage(String page) {
         this.queryInfo().page(page);
     }
 
-    public default void setCount() {
+    default void setCount() {
         this.queryInfo().capacity(Query.NO_CAPACITY);
     }
 
-    public default void setAggregate(AggregateFunc func, String key) {
+    default void setAggregate(AggregateFunc func, String key) {
         this.queryInfo().aggregate(func, key);
     }
 
-    public default <Q extends Query> Q injectQueryInfo(Q query) {
+    default <Q extends Query> Q injectQueryInfo(Q query) {
         query.copyBasic(this.queryInfo());
         return query;
     }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Idfiable.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Idfiable.java
index 62e40c087..d2ab141e8 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Idfiable.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Idfiable.java
@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.backend.id.Id;
 
 public interface Idfiable {
 
-    public Id id();
+    Id id();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Indexable.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Indexable.java
index 6085e5235..08cb386f9 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Indexable.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Indexable.java
@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.backend.id.Id;
 
 public interface Indexable {
 
-    public Set<Id> indexLabels();
+    Set<Id> indexLabels();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Nameable.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Nameable.java
index 8d4ba418c..eb8e474e4 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Nameable.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Nameable.java
@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@ public interface Nameable {
      *
      * @return Name of this entity.
      */
-    public String name();
+    String name();
 
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Propertiable.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Propertiable.java
index 666633b1a..4ca8df77b 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Propertiable.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Propertiable.java
@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ import com.baidu.hugegraph.backend.id.Id;
 
 public interface Propertiable {
 
-    public Set<Id> properties();
+    Set<Id> properties();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Typeable.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Typeable.java
index c80785732..fb569fd02 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Typeable.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/Typeable.java
@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ package com.baidu.hugegraph.type;
 public interface Typeable {
 
     // Return schema/data type
-    public HugeType type();
+    HugeType type();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphMode.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphMode.java
index 97e5d143a..906051fe5 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphMode.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphMode.java
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public enum GraphMode {
     private final byte code;
     private final String name;
 
-    private GraphMode(int code, String name) {
+    GraphMode(int code, String name) {
         assert code < 256;
         this.code = (byte) code;
         this.name = name;
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphReadMode.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphReadMode.java
index 5fe85368e..6c1b70d7e 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphReadMode.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/GraphReadMode.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public enum GraphReadMode {
     private final byte code;
     private final String name;
 
-    private GraphReadMode(int code, String name) {
+    GraphReadMode(int code, String name) {
         assert code < 256;
         this.code = (byte) code;
         this.name = name;
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/NodeRole.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/NodeRole.java
index 645854dc4..c824b022a 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/NodeRole.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/type/define/NodeRole.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public enum NodeRole implements SerialEnum {
     private final byte code;
     private final String name;
 
-    private NodeRole(int code, String name) {
+    NodeRole(int code, String name) {
         assert code < 256;
         this.code = (byte) code;
         this.name = name;
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/RateLimiter.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/RateLimiter.java
index a1bd4952d..c2983da68 100644
--- a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/RateLimiter.java
+++ b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/RateLimiter.java
@@ -24,15 +24,13 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 // TODO: Move to common module (concurrent package)
 public interface RateLimiter {
 
-    public final Logger LOG = Log.logger(RateLimiter.class);
-
-    public final long RESET_PERIOD = 1000L;
+    long RESET_PERIOD = 1000L;
 
     /**
      * Acquires one permit from RateLimiter if it can be acquired immediately
      * without delay.
      */
-    public boolean tryAcquire();
+    boolean tryAcquire();
 
     /**
      * Create a RateLimiter with specified rate, to keep compatible with
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ public interface RateLimiter {
      *
      * TODO: refactor it to make method unchangeable
      */
-    public static RateLimiter create(double ratePerSecond) {
+    static RateLimiter create(double ratePerSecond) {
         return new FixedTimerWindowRateLimiter((int) ratePerSecond);
     }
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntIterator.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntIterator.java
index 7f9f52f2f..e780dd56a 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntIterator.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntIterator.java
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
 
 public interface IntIterator {
 
-    public final int[] EMPTY_INTS = new int[0];
-    public final IntIterator EMPTY = new EmptyIntIterator();
+    int[] EMPTY_INTS = new int[0];
+    IntIterator EMPTY = new EmptyIntIterator();
 
-    public boolean hasNext();
+    boolean hasNext();
 
-    public int next();
+    int next();
 
-    public default Iterator<Integer> asIterator() {
+    default Iterator<Integer> asIterator() {
         return new Iterator<Integer>() {
 
             @Override
@@ -48,20 +48,20 @@ public interface IntIterator {
         };
     }
 
-    public static IntIterator wrap(
+    static IntIterator wrap(
                   org.eclipse.collections.api.iterator.IntIterator iter) {
         return new EcIntIterator(iter);
     }
 
-    public static IntIterator wrap(int[] values) {
+    static IntIterator wrap(int[] values) {
         return new ArrayIntIterator(values);
     }
 
-    public static IntIterator wrap(int value) {
+    static IntIterator wrap(int value) {
         return new ArrayIntIterator(new int[]{value});
     }
 
-    public final class EcIntIterator implements IntIterator {
+    final class EcIntIterator implements IntIterator {
 
         private final org.eclipse.collections.api.iterator.IntIterator 
iterator;
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public interface IntIterator {
         }
     }
 
-    public final class ArrayIntIterator implements IntIterator {
+    final class ArrayIntIterator implements IntIterator {
 
         private final int[] array;
         private int index;
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public interface IntIterator {
         }
     }
 
-    public final class EmptyIntIterator implements IntIterator {
+    final class EmptyIntIterator implements IntIterator {
 
         @Override
         public boolean hasNext() {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public interface IntIterator {
         }
     }
 
-    public final class IntIterators implements IntIterator {
+    final class IntIterators implements IntIterator {
 
         private final List<IntIterator> iters;
         private int currentIndex;
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ public interface IntIterator {
         }
     }
 
-    public final class MapperInt2IntIterator implements IntIterator {
+    final class MapperInt2IntIterator implements IntIterator {
 
         private final IntIterator originIter;
         private final IntMapper intMapper;
@@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ public interface IntIterator {
 
         public interface IntMapper {
 
-            public int map(int key);
+            int map(int key);
         }
     }
 
-    public final class MapperInt2ObjectIterator<T> implements Iterator<T> {
+    final class MapperInt2ObjectIterator<T> implements Iterator<T> {
 
         private final IntIterator originIter;
         private final IntMapper<T> intMapper;
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ public interface IntIterator {
 
         public interface IntMapper<T> {
 
-            public T map(int key);
+            T map(int key);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntMap.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntMap.java
index 3bd5a1419..5d624d5be 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntMap.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntMap.java
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ public interface IntMap {
             return true;
         }
 
-        private final IntMap segment(int key) {
+        private IntMap segment(int key) {
             long ukey = key + this.unsignedSize;
             if (ukey >= this.capacity || ukey < 0L) {
                 E.checkArgument(false,
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ public interface IntMap {
             }
         }
 
-        private final IntMap segmentAt(int index) {
+        private IntMap segmentAt(int index) {
             // volatile get this.maps[index]
             long offset = (index << SHIFT) + BASE_OFFSET;
             IntMap map = (IntMap) UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(this.maps, offset);
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ public interface IntMap {
      * - faster 8x than ec IntIntHashMap for 4 threads, 4x operations
      *   with 0.5x cost;
      */
-    public static final class IntMapByFixedAddr implements IntMap {
+    final class IntMapByFixedAddr implements IntMap {
 
         private final int[] values;
         private final int capacity;
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ public interface IntMap {
             return true;
         }
 
-        private final long offset(int key) {
+        private long offset(int key) {
             if (key >= this.capacity || key < 0) {
                 E.checkArgument(false, "The key %s is out of bound %s",
                                 key, this.capacity);
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ public interface IntMap {
         }
     }
 
-    public static final class IntMapByEcSegment implements IntMap {
+    final class IntMapByEcSegment implements IntMap {
 
         private final MutableIntIntMap[] maps;
         private final int segmentMask;
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ public interface IntMap {
             }
         }
 
-        private final MutableIntIntMap map(int key) {
+        private MutableIntIntMap map(int key) {
             // NOTE '%' is slower 20% ~ 50% than '&': key % this.maps.length;
             int index = key & this.segmentMask;
             return this.maps[index];
@@ -597,6 +597,6 @@ public interface IntMap {
         }
     }
 
-    public static final int NULL_VALUE = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
-    public static final Unsafe UNSAFE = IntSet.UNSAFE;
+    int NULL_VALUE = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+    Unsafe UNSAFE = IntSet.UNSAFE;
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntSet.java 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntSet.java
index 5a070f1ea..82f56a0a6 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntSet.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/IntSet.java
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
             return true;
         }
 
-        private final IntSet segment(int key) {
+        private IntSet segment(int key) {
             long ukey = key + this.unsignedSize;
             if (ukey >= this.capacity || ukey < 0L) {
                 E.checkArgument(false,
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
             }
         }
 
-        private final IntSet segmentAt(int index) {
+        private IntSet segmentAt(int index) {
             // volatile get this.sets[index]
             long offset = (index << SHIFT) + BASE_OFFSET;
             IntSet set = (IntSet) UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(this.sets, offset);
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
      * - faster 20x than ec IntIntHashSet-segment-lock for 4 threads;
      * - faster 60x than ec IntIntHashSet-global-lock for 4 threads;
      */
-    public static final class IntSetByFixedAddr implements IntSet {
+    final class IntSetByFixedAddr implements IntSet {
 
         private final long[] bits;
         private final long numBits;
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
             return true;
         }
 
-        private final long offset(long key) {
+        private long offset(long key) {
             long ukey = key + this.numBitsUnsigned;
             if (ukey >= this.numBits || ukey < 0L) {
                 E.checkArgument(false, "The key %s is out of bound %s",
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
         }
     }
 
-    public static final class IntSetByFixedAddr4Unsigned implements IntSet {
+    final class IntSetByFixedAddr4Unsigned implements IntSet {
 
         private final long[] bits;
         private final int numBits;
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
             return key;
         }
 
-        private final long offset(int key) {
+        private long offset(int key) {
             if (key >= this.numBits || key < 0) {
                 E.checkArgument(false, "The key %s is out of bound %s",
                                 key, this.numBits);
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
             return bitOffsetToByteOffset(key);
         }
 
-        private static final long bitOffsetToByteOffset(long key) {
+        private static long bitOffsetToByteOffset(long key) {
             // bits to long offset
             long index = key >> DIV64;
             // long offset to byte offset
@@ -440,14 +440,14 @@ public interface IntSet {
             return offset;
         }
 
-        private static final long bitmaskOfKey(long key) {
+        private static long bitmaskOfKey(long key) {
             long bitIndex = key & MOD64;
             long bitmask = 1L << bitIndex;
             return bitmask;
         }
     }
 
-    public static final class IntSetByEcSegment implements IntSet {
+    final class IntSetByEcSegment implements IntSet {
 
         private final MutableIntCollection[] sets;
         private final int segmentMask;
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
             }
         }
 
-        private final MutableIntCollection set(int key) {
+        private MutableIntCollection set(int key) {
             // NOTE '%' is slower 20% ~ 50% than '&': key % this.sets.length;
             int index = key & this.segmentMask;
             return this.sets[index];
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
         }
     }
 
-    public static final class IntSetByFixedAddrByHppc implements IntSet {
+    final class IntSetByFixedAddrByHppc implements IntSet {
 
         private final com.carrotsearch.hppc.BitSet bits;
 
@@ -551,13 +551,13 @@ public interface IntSet {
         }
     }
 
-    public static final int CPUS = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
-    public static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = UnsafeAccess.UNSAFE;
+    int CPUS = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
+    sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE = UnsafeAccess.UNSAFE;
 
-    public static final long MOD64 = 0x3fL;
-    public static final int DIV64 = 6;
+    long MOD64 = 0x3fL;
+    int DIV64 = 6;
 
-    public static int segmentSize(long capacity, int segments) {
+    static int segmentSize(long capacity, int segments) {
         long eachSize = capacity / segments;
         eachSize = IntSet.sizeToPowerOf2Size((int) eachSize);
         /*
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
         return (int) eachSize;
     }
 
-    public static int sizeToPowerOf2Size(int size) {
+    static int sizeToPowerOf2Size(int size) {
         if (size < 1) {
             size = 1;
         }
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ public interface IntSet {
         return size;
     }
 
-    public static int bits2words(long numBits) {
+    static int bits2words(long numBits) {
         return (int) ((numBits - 1) >>> DIV64) + 1;
     }
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/ObjectIntMapping.java
 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/ObjectIntMapping.java
index 21737092d..072439b80 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/ObjectIntMapping.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/util/collection/ObjectIntMapping.java
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ package com.baidu.hugegraph.util.collection;
 
 public interface ObjectIntMapping<V> {
 
-    public int object2Code(Object object);
+    int object2Code(Object object);
 
-    public V code2Object(int code);
+    V code2Object(int code);
 
-    public void clear();
+    void clear();
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-hbase/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/hbase/HbaseSessions.java
 
b/hugegraph-hbase/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/hbase/HbaseSessions.java
index 35d8e051c..03d0d5596 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-hbase/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/hbase/HbaseSessions.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-hbase/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/hbase/HbaseSessions.java
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
         }
     }
 
-    public void createPreSplitTable(String table, List<byte[]> cfs, 
+    public void createPreSplitTable(String table, List<byte[]> cfs,
                                     short numOfPartitions) throws IOException {
         TableDescriptorBuilder builder = TableDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(
                 TableName.valueOf(this.namespace, table));
@@ -331,20 +331,20 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
         /**
          * Add a row record to a table
          */
-        public abstract void put(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey,
-                                 Collection<BackendColumn> columns);
+        void put(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey,
+                 Collection<BackendColumn> columns);
 
         /**
          * Add a row record to a table(can be used when adding an index)
          */
-        public abstract void put(String table, byte[] family,
-                                 byte[] rowkey, byte[] qualifier, byte[] 
value);
+        void put(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey, byte[] qualifier,
+                 byte[] value);
 
         /**
          * Delete a record by rowkey and qualifier from a table
          */
-        public default void remove(String table, byte[] family,
-                                   byte[] rowkey, byte[] qualifier) {
+        default void remove(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey,
+                            byte[] qualifier) {
             this.remove(table, family, rowkey, qualifier, false);
         }
 
@@ -352,34 +352,33 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
          * Delete a record by rowkey and qualifier from a table,
          * just delete the latest version of the specified column if need
          */
-        public void remove(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey,
-                           byte[] qualifier, boolean latestVersion);
+        void remove(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey,
+                    byte[] qualifier, boolean latestVersion);
 
         /**
          * Delete a record by rowkey from a table
          */
-        public void delete(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey);
+        void delete(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey);
 
         /**
          * Get a record by rowkey and qualifier from a table
          */
-        public R get(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey,
-                     byte[] qualifier);
+        R get(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey, byte[] qualifier);
 
         /**
          * Get a record by rowkey from a table
          */
-        public R get(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey);
+        R get(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey);
 
         /**
          * Get multi records by rowkeys from a table
          */
-        public R get(String table, byte[] family, Set<byte[]> rowkeys);
+        R get(String table, byte[] family, Set<byte[]> rowkeys);
 
         /**
          * Scan all records from a table
          */
-        public default R scan(String table, long limit) {
+        default R scan(String table, long limit) {
             Scan scan = new Scan();
             if (limit >= 0) {
                 scan.setFilter(new PageFilter(limit));
@@ -390,14 +389,14 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
         /**
          * Scan records by rowkey prefix from a table
          */
-        public default R scan(String table, byte[] prefix) {
+        default R scan(String table, byte[] prefix) {
             return this.scan(table, prefix, true, prefix);
         }
 
         /**
          * Scan records by multi rowkey prefixes from a table
          */
-        public default R scan(String table, Set<byte[]> prefixes) {
+        default R scan(String table, Set<byte[]> prefixes) {
             FilterList orFilters = new FilterList(Operator.MUST_PASS_ONE);
             for (byte[] prefix : prefixes) {
                 FilterList andFilters = new FilterList(Operator.MUST_PASS_ALL);
@@ -416,8 +415,8 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
         /**
          * Scan records by rowkey start and prefix from a table
          */
-        public default R scan(String table, byte[] startRow,
-                              boolean inclusiveStart, byte[] prefix) {
+        default R scan(String table, byte[] startRow, boolean inclusiveStart,
+                       byte[] prefix) {
             Scan scan = new Scan().withStartRow(startRow, inclusiveStart)
                                   .setFilter(new PrefixFilter(prefix));
             return this.scan(table, scan);
@@ -426,16 +425,15 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
         /**
          * Scan records by rowkey range from a table
          */
-        public default R scan(String table, byte[] startRow, byte[] stopRow) {
+        default R scan(String table, byte[] startRow, byte[] stopRow) {
             return this.scan(table, startRow, true, stopRow, false);
         }
 
         /**
          * Scan records by rowkey range from a table
          */
-        public default R scan(String table,
-                              byte[] startRow, boolean inclusiveStart,
-                              byte[] stopRow, boolean inclusiveStop) {
+        default R scan(String table, byte[] startRow, boolean inclusiveStart,
+                       byte[] stopRow, boolean inclusiveStop) {
             Scan scan = new Scan().withStartRow(startRow, inclusiveStart);
             if (stopRow != null) {
                 scan.withStopRow(stopRow, inclusiveStop);
@@ -446,20 +444,20 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
         /**
          * Inner scan: send scan request to HBase and get iterator
          */
-        public R scan(String table, Scan scan);
+        R scan(String table, Scan scan);
 
         /**
          * Increase a counter by rowkey and qualifier to a table
          */
-        public long increase(String table, byte[] family,
-                             byte[] rowkey, byte[] qualifier, long value);
+        long increase(String table, byte[] family, byte[] rowkey,
+                      byte[] qualifier, long value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Session implement for HBase
      */
     public class Session extends AbstractBackendSession
-                         implements HbaseSession<RowIterator> {
+            implements HbaseSession<RowIterator> {
 
         private final Map<String, List<Row>> batch;
 
@@ -485,7 +483,7 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
         }
 
         private void checkBatchResults(Object[] results, List<Row> rows)
-                                       throws Throwable {
+                throws Throwable {
             assert rows.size() == results.length;
             for (int i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
                 Object result = results[i];
@@ -554,7 +552,7 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
                 } catch (Throwable e) {
                     // TODO: Mark and delete committed records
                     throw new BackendException("Failed to commit, " +
-                              "there may be inconsistent states for HBase", e);
+                                               "there may be inconsistent 
states for HBase", e);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -809,7 +807,7 @@ public class HbaseSessions extends BackendSessionPool {
                     byte[] key = CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell);
                     byte[] val = CellUtil.cloneValue(cell);
                     LOG.info("  {}={}", StringEncoding.format(key),
-                                        StringEncoding.format(val));
+                             StringEncoding.format(val));
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-hbase/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/hbase/HbaseStore.java
 
b/hugegraph-hbase/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/hbase/HbaseStore.java
index 9cd5c233a..7256dd830 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-hbase/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/hbase/HbaseStore.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-hbase/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/hbase/HbaseStore.java
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ public abstract class HbaseStore extends 
AbstractBackendStore<Session> {
         session.rollback();
     }
 
-    private final void checkConnectionOpened() {
+    private void checkConnectionOpened() {
         E.checkState(this.sessions != null && this.sessions.opened(),
                      "HBase store has not been initialized");
     }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-rocksdb/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBSessions.java
 
b/hugegraph-rocksdb/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBSessions.java
index 2d56a35a0..ad74bc6ab 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-rocksdb/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBSessions.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-rocksdb/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBSessions.java
@@ -133,6 +133,6 @@ public abstract class RocksDBSessions extends 
BackendSessionPool {
 
     public interface Countable {
 
-        public long count();
+        long count();
     }
 }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-rocksdb/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBStore.java
 
b/hugegraph-rocksdb/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBStore.java
index 467d4c461..c55d92e33 100644
--- 
a/hugegraph-rocksdb/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBStore.java
+++ 
b/hugegraph-rocksdb/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/backend/store/rocksdb/RocksDBStore.java
@@ -797,13 +797,13 @@ public abstract class RocksDBStore extends 
AbstractBackendStore<Session> {
         }
     }
 
-    private final void useSessions() {
+    private void useSessions() {
         for (RocksDBSessions sessions : this.sessions()) {
             sessions.useSession();
         }
     }
 
-    private final void closeSessions() {
+    private void closeSessions() {
         Iterator<Map.Entry<String, RocksDBSessions>> iter = this.dbs.entrySet()
                                                                     
.iterator();
         while (iter.hasNext()) {
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ public abstract class RocksDBStore extends 
AbstractBackendStore<Session> {
         }
     }
 
-    private final List<Session> session() {
+    private List<Session> session() {
         this.checkOpened();
 
         if (this.tableDiskMapping.isEmpty()) {
@@ -832,12 +832,13 @@ public abstract class RocksDBStore extends 
AbstractBackendStore<Session> {
         return list;
     }
 
-    private final Collection<RocksDBSessions> sessions() {
+    private Collection<RocksDBSessions> sessions() {
         return this.dbs.values();
     }
 
-    private final void parseTableDiskMapping(Map<String, String> disks,
-                                             String dataPath) {
+    private void parseTableDiskMapping(Map<String, String> disks,
+                                       String dataPath) {
+
         this.tableDiskMapping.clear();
         for (Map.Entry<String, String> disk : disks.entrySet()) {
             // The format of `disk` like: `graph/vertex: /path/to/disk1`
@@ -884,7 +885,7 @@ public abstract class RocksDBStore extends 
AbstractBackendStore<Session> {
         return diskTableKey;
     }
 
-    private final void checkDbOpened() {
+    private void checkDbOpened() {
         E.checkState(this.sessions != null && !this.sessions.closed(),
                      "RocksDB has not been opened");
     }
diff --git 
a/hugegraph-test/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/unit/UnitTestSuite.java 
b/hugegraph-test/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/unit/UnitTestSuite.java
index fe8f0d14d..c95aaf600 100644
--- a/hugegraph-test/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/unit/UnitTestSuite.java
+++ b/hugegraph-test/src/main/java/com/baidu/hugegraph/unit/UnitTestSuite.java
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ import 
com.baidu.hugegraph.unit.serializer.TableBackendEntryTest;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.unit.serializer.TextBackendEntryTest;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.unit.util.CompressUtilTest;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.unit.util.JsonUtilTest;
-import com.baidu.hugegraph.unit.util.RateLimiterTest;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.unit.util.StringEncodingTest;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.unit.util.VersionTest;
 import com.baidu.hugegraph.unit.util.collection.CollectionFactoryTest;
diff --git a/style/checkstyle.xml b/style/checkstyle.xml
index f584e130c..eec890ec2 100644
--- a/style/checkstyle.xml
+++ b/style/checkstyle.xml
@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@
 <!--        </module>-->
         <module name="AvoidStarImport"/>
         <module name="RedundantImport"/>
+        <module name="RedundantModifier">
+            <property name="tokens"
+                      
value="METHOD_DEF,VARIABLE_DEF,ANNOTATION_FIELD_DEF,INTERFACE_DEF,CLASS_DEF,ENUM_DEF,RESOURCE"/>
+        </module>
         <module name="UnusedImports"/>
         <module name="EmptyLineSeparator">
             <property name="allowMultipleEmptyLines" value="false"/>
@@ -214,7 +218,6 @@
         </module>
         <module name="OneStatementPerLine"/>
         <module name="MultipleVariableDeclarations"/>
-        <module name="MissingSwitchDefault"/>
         <module name="FallThrough"/>
         <module name="OuterTypeFilename">
 <!--            <property name="severity" value="error"/>-->


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