http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/logging-log4j2/blob/dd8ded97/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/tools/picocli/CommandLineTest.java
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diff --git 
a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/tools/picocli/CommandLineTest.java
 
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--- 
a/log4j-core/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/tools/picocli/CommandLineTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3188 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the license.
- */
-package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.tools.picocli;
-
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.PrintStream;
-import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
-import java.math.BigDecimal;
-import java.math.BigInteger;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.MalformedURLException;
-import java.net.Socket;
-import java.net.URI;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
-import java.net.URL;
-import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import java.sql.Time;
-import java.text.ParseException;
-import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Date;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
-import java.util.LinkedList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Queue;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.SortedSet;
-import java.util.TreeMap;
-import java.util.TreeSet;
-import java.util.UUID;
-import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
-import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
-
-import org.junit.After;
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Ignore;
-import org.junit.Test;
-
-import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.*;
-import static org.junit.Assert.*;
-import static org.apache.logging.log4j.core.tools.picocli.CommandLine.*;
-
-/**
- * Tests for the CommandLine argument parsing interpreter functionality.
- */
-// DONE arrays
-// DONE collection fields
-// DONE all built-in types
-// DONE private fields, public fields (TODO methods?)
-// DONE arity 2, 3
-// DONE arity -1, -2, -3
-// TODO arity ignored for single-value types (non-array, non-collection)
-// DONE positional arguments with '--' separator (where positional arguments 
look like options)
-// DONE positional arguments without '--' separator (based on arity of last 
option?)
-// DONE positional arguments based on arity of last option
-// TODO ambiguous options: writing --input ARG (as opposed to --input=ARG) is 
ambiguous,
-// meaning it is not possible to tell whether ARG is option's argument or a 
positional argument.
-// In usage patterns this will be interpreted as an option with argument only 
if a description (covered below)
-// for that option is provided.
-// Otherwise it will be interpreted as an option and separate positional 
argument.
-// TODO ambiguous short options: ambiguity with the -f FILE and -fFILE 
notation.
-// In the latter case it is not possible to tell whether it is a number of 
stacked short options,
-// or an option with an argument. These notations will be interpreted as an 
option with argument only if a
-// description for the option is provided.
-// DONE compact flags
-// DONE compact flags where last option has an argument, separate by space
-// DONE compact flags where last option has an argument attached to the option 
character
-// DONE long options with argument separate by space
-// DONE long options with argument separated by '=' (no spaces)
-// TODO document that if arity>1 and args="-opt=val1 val2", arity overrules 
the "=": both values are assigned
-// TODO test superclass bean and child class bean where child class field 
shadows super class and have same annotation Option name
-// TODO test superclass bean and child class bean where child class field 
shadows super class and have different annotation Option name
-// DONE -vrx, -vro outputFile, -vrooutputFile, -vro=outputFile, 
-vro:outputFile, -vro=, -vro:, -vro
-// DONE --out outputFile, --out=outputFile, --out:outputFile, --out=, --out:, 
--out
-public class CommandLineTest {
-    @Before public void setUp() { System.clearProperty("picocli.trace"); }
-    @After public void tearDown() { System.clearProperty("picocli.trace"); }
-
-    private static void setTraceLevel(String level) {
-        System.setProperty("picocli.trace", level);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testVersion() {
-        assertEquals("2.0.3", CommandLine.VERSION);
-    }
-
-    static class SupportedTypes {
-        @Option(names = "-boolean")       boolean booleanField;
-        @Option(names = "-Boolean")       Boolean aBooleanField;
-        @Option(names = "-byte")          byte byteField;
-        @Option(names = "-Byte")          Byte aByteField;
-        @Option(names = "-char")          char charField;
-        @Option(names = "-Character")     Character aCharacterField;
-        @Option(names = "-short")         short shortField;
-        @Option(names = "-Short")         Short aShortField;
-        @Option(names = "-int")           int intField;
-        @Option(names = "-Integer")       Integer anIntegerField;
-        @Option(names = "-long")          long longField;
-        @Option(names = "-Long")          Long aLongField;
-        @Option(names = "-float")         float floatField;
-        @Option(names = "-Float")         Float aFloatField;
-        @Option(names = "-double")        double doubleField;
-        @Option(names = "-Double")        Double aDoubleField;
-        @Option(names = "-String")        String aStringField;
-        @Option(names = "-StringBuilder") StringBuilder aStringBuilderField;
-        @Option(names = "-CharSequence")  CharSequence aCharSequenceField;
-        @Option(names = "-File")          File aFileField;
-        @Option(names = "-URL")           URL anURLField;
-        @Option(names = "-URI")           URI anURIField;
-        @Option(names = "-Date")          Date aDateField;
-        @Option(names = "-Time")          Time aTimeField;
-        @Option(names = "-BigDecimal")    BigDecimal aBigDecimalField;
-        @Option(names = "-BigInteger")    BigInteger aBigIntegerField;
-        @Option(names = "-Charset")       Charset aCharsetField;
-        @Option(names = "-InetAddress")   InetAddress anInetAddressField;
-        @Option(names = "-Pattern")       Pattern aPatternField;
-        @Option(names = "-UUID")          UUID anUUIDField;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testDefaults() {
-        SupportedTypes bean = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
SupportedTypes());
-        assertEquals("boolean", false, bean.booleanField);
-        assertEquals("Boolean", null, bean.aBooleanField);
-        assertEquals("byte", 0, bean.byteField);
-        assertEquals("Byte", null, bean.aByteField);
-        assertEquals("char", 0, bean.charField);
-        assertEquals("Character", null, bean.aCharacterField);
-        assertEquals("short", 0, bean.shortField);
-        assertEquals("Short", null, bean.aShortField);
-        assertEquals("int", 0, bean.intField);
-        assertEquals("Integer", null, bean.anIntegerField);
-        assertEquals("long", 0, bean.longField);
-        assertEquals("Long", null, bean.aLongField);
-        assertEquals("float", 0f, bean.floatField, Float.MIN_VALUE);
-        assertEquals("Float", null, bean.aFloatField);
-        assertEquals("double", 0d, bean.doubleField, Double.MIN_VALUE);
-        assertEquals("Double", null, bean.aDoubleField);
-        assertEquals("String", null, bean.aStringField);
-        assertEquals("StringBuilder", null, bean.aStringBuilderField);
-        assertEquals("CharSequence", null, bean.aCharSequenceField);
-        assertEquals("File", null, bean.aFileField);
-        assertEquals("URL", null, bean.anURLField);
-        assertEquals("URI", null, bean.anURIField);
-        assertEquals("Date", null, bean.aDateField);
-        assertEquals("Time", null, bean.aTimeField);
-        assertEquals("BigDecimal", null, bean.aBigDecimalField);
-        assertEquals("BigInteger", null, bean.aBigIntegerField);
-        assertEquals("Charset", null, bean.aCharsetField);
-        assertEquals("InetAddress", null, bean.anInetAddressField);
-        assertEquals("Pattern", null, bean.aPatternField);
-        assertEquals("UUID", null, bean.anUUIDField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testTypeConversionSucceedsForValidInput()
-            throws MalformedURLException, URISyntaxException, 
UnknownHostException, ParseException {
-        SupportedTypes bean = CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(),
-                "-boolean", "-Boolean", //
-                "-byte", "12", "-Byte", "23", //
-                "-char", "p", "-Character", "i", //
-                "-short", "34", "-Short", "45", //
-                "-int", "56", "-Integer", "67", //
-                "-long", "78", "-Long", "89", //
-                "-float", "1.23", "-Float", "2.34", //
-                "-double", "3.45", "-Double", "4.56", //
-                "-String", "abc", "-StringBuilder", "bcd", "-CharSequence", 
"xyz", //
-                "-File", "abc.txt", //
-                "-URL", "http://pico-cli.github.io";, //
-                "-URI", "http://pico-cli.github.io/index.html";, //
-                "-Date", "2017-01-30", //
-                "-Time", "23:59:59", //
-                "-BigDecimal", "12345678901234567890.123", //
-                "-BigInteger", "123456789012345678901", //
-                "-Charset", "UTF8", //
-                "-InetAddress", InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName(), //
-                "-Pattern", "a*b", //
-                "-UUID", "c7d51423-bf9d-45dd-a30d-5b16fafe42e2"
-        );
-        assertEquals("boolean", true, bean.booleanField);
-        assertEquals("Boolean", Boolean.TRUE, bean.aBooleanField);
-        assertEquals("byte", 12, bean.byteField);
-        assertEquals("Byte", Byte.valueOf((byte) 23), bean.aByteField);
-        assertEquals("char", 'p', bean.charField);
-        assertEquals("Character", Character.valueOf('i'), 
bean.aCharacterField);
-        assertEquals("short", 34, bean.shortField);
-        assertEquals("Short", Short.valueOf((short) 45), bean.aShortField);
-        assertEquals("int", 56, bean.intField);
-        assertEquals("Integer", Integer.valueOf(67), bean.anIntegerField);
-        assertEquals("long", 78L, bean.longField);
-        assertEquals("Long", Long.valueOf(89L), bean.aLongField);
-        assertEquals("float", 1.23f, bean.floatField, Float.MIN_VALUE);
-        assertEquals("Float", Float.valueOf(2.34f), bean.aFloatField);
-        assertEquals("double", 3.45, bean.doubleField, Double.MIN_VALUE);
-        assertEquals("Double", Double.valueOf(4.56), bean.aDoubleField);
-        assertEquals("String", "abc", bean.aStringField);
-        assertEquals("StringBuilder type", StringBuilder.class, 
bean.aStringBuilderField.getClass());
-        assertEquals("StringBuilder", "bcd", 
bean.aStringBuilderField.toString());
-        assertEquals("CharSequence", "xyz", bean.aCharSequenceField);
-        assertEquals("File", new File("abc.txt"), bean.aFileField);
-        assertEquals("URL", new URL("http://pico-cli.github.io";), 
bean.anURLField);
-        assertEquals("URI", new URI("http://pico-cli.github.io/index.html";), 
bean.anURIField);
-        assertEquals("Date", new 
SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2017-01-30"), bean.aDateField);
-        assertEquals("Time", new Time(new 
SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").parse("23:59:59").getTime()), bean.aTimeField);
-        assertEquals("BigDecimal", new BigDecimal("12345678901234567890.123"), 
bean.aBigDecimalField);
-        assertEquals("BigInteger", new BigInteger("123456789012345678901"), 
bean.aBigIntegerField);
-        assertEquals("Charset", Charset.forName("UTF8"), bean.aCharsetField);
-        assertEquals("InetAddress", 
InetAddress.getByName(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName()), 
bean.anInetAddressField);
-        assertEquals("Pattern", Pattern.compile("a*b").pattern(), 
bean.aPatternField.pattern());
-        assertEquals("UUID", 
UUID.fromString("c7d51423-bf9d-45dd-a30d-5b16fafe42e2"), bean.anUUIDField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testByteFieldsAreDecimal() {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-byte", "0x1F", 
"-Byte", "0x0F");
-            fail("Should fail on hex input");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("Could not convert '0x1F' to byte for option '-byte'" 
+
-                    ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: 
\"0x1F\"", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCustomByteConverterAcceptsHexadecimalDecimalAndOctal() {
-        SupportedTypes bean = new SupportedTypes();
-        CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(bean);
-        ITypeConverter<Byte> converter = new ITypeConverter<Byte>() {
-            @Override
-            public Byte convert(String s) {
-                return Byte.decode(s);
-            }
-        };
-        commandLine.registerConverter(Byte.class, converter);
-        commandLine.registerConverter(Byte.TYPE, converter);
-        commandLine.parse("-byte", "0x1F", "-Byte", "0x0F");
-        assertEquals(0x1F, bean.byteField);
-        assertEquals(Byte.valueOf((byte) 0x0F), bean.aByteField);
-
-        commandLine.parse("-byte", "010", "-Byte", "010");
-        assertEquals(8, bean.byteField);
-        assertEquals(Byte.valueOf((byte) 8), bean.aByteField);
-
-        commandLine.parse("-byte", "34", "-Byte", "34");
-        assertEquals(34, bean.byteField);
-        assertEquals(Byte.valueOf((byte) 34), bean.aByteField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testShortFieldsAreDecimal() {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-short", 
"0xFF", "-Short", "0x6FFE");
-            fail("Should fail on hex input");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("Could not convert '0xFF' to short for option 
'-short'" +
-                    ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: 
\"0xFF\"", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCustomShortConverterAcceptsHexadecimalDecimalAndOctal() {
-        SupportedTypes bean = new SupportedTypes();
-        CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(bean);
-        ITypeConverter<Short> shortConverter = new ITypeConverter<Short>() {
-            @Override
-            public Short convert(String s) {
-                return Short.decode(s);
-            }
-        };
-        commandLine.registerConverter(Short.class, shortConverter);
-        commandLine.registerConverter(Short.TYPE, shortConverter);
-        commandLine.parse("-short", "0xFF", "-Short", "0x6FFE");
-        assertEquals(0xFF, bean.shortField);
-        assertEquals(Short.valueOf((short) 0x6FFE), bean.aShortField);
-
-        commandLine.parse("-short", "010", "-Short", "010");
-        assertEquals(8, bean.shortField);
-        assertEquals(Short.valueOf((short) 8), bean.aShortField);
-
-        commandLine.parse("-short", "34", "-Short", "34");
-        assertEquals(34, bean.shortField);
-        assertEquals(Short.valueOf((short) 34), bean.aShortField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testIntFieldsAreDecimal() {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-int", "0xFF", 
"-Integer", "0xFFFF");
-            fail("Should fail on hex input");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("Could not convert '0xFF' to int for option '-int'" +
-                    ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: 
\"0xFF\"", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCustomIntConverterAcceptsHexadecimalDecimalAndOctal() {
-        SupportedTypes bean = new SupportedTypes();
-        CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(bean);
-        ITypeConverter<Integer> intConverter = new ITypeConverter<Integer>() {
-            @Override
-            public Integer convert(String s) {
-                return Integer.decode(s);
-            }
-        };
-        commandLine.registerConverter(Integer.class, intConverter);
-        commandLine.registerConverter(Integer.TYPE, intConverter);
-        commandLine.parse("-int", "0xFF", "-Integer", "0xFFFF");
-        assertEquals(255, bean.intField);
-        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(0xFFFF), bean.anIntegerField);
-
-        commandLine.parse("-int", "010", "-Integer", "010");
-        assertEquals(8, bean.intField);
-        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(8), bean.anIntegerField);
-
-        commandLine.parse("-int", "34", "-Integer", "34");
-        assertEquals(34, bean.intField);
-        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(34), bean.anIntegerField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testLongFieldsAreDecimal() {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-long", 
"0xAABBCC", "-Long", "0xAABBCCDD");
-            fail("Should fail on hex input");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("Could not convert '0xAABBCC' to long for option 
'-long'" +
-                    ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: 
\"0xAABBCC\"", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCustomLongConverterAcceptsHexadecimalDecimalAndOctal() {
-        SupportedTypes bean = new SupportedTypes();
-        CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(bean);
-        ITypeConverter<Long> longConverter = new ITypeConverter<Long>() {
-            @Override
-            public Long convert(String s) {
-                return Long.decode(s);
-            }
-        };
-        commandLine.registerConverter(Long.class, longConverter);
-        commandLine.registerConverter(Long.TYPE, longConverter);
-        commandLine.parse("-long", "0xAABBCC", "-Long", "0xAABBCCDD");
-        assertEquals(0xAABBCC, bean.longField);
-        assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0xAABBCCDDL), bean.aLongField);
-
-        commandLine.parse("-long", "010", "-Long", "010");
-        assertEquals(8, bean.longField);
-        assertEquals(Long.valueOf(8), bean.aLongField);
-
-        commandLine.parse("-long", "34", "-Long", "34");
-        assertEquals(34, bean.longField);
-        assertEquals(Long.valueOf(34), bean.aLongField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testTimeFormatHHmmSupported() throws ParseException {
-        SupportedTypes bean = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
SupportedTypes(), "-Time", "23:59");
-        assertEquals("Time", new Time(new 
SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm").parse("23:59").getTime()), bean.aTimeField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testTimeFormatHHmmssSupported() throws ParseException {
-        SupportedTypes bean = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
SupportedTypes(), "-Time", "23:59:58");
-        assertEquals("Time", new Time(new 
SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").parse("23:59:58").getTime()), bean.aTimeField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testTimeFormatHHmmssDotSSSSupported() throws ParseException {
-        SupportedTypes bean = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
SupportedTypes(), "-Time", "23:59:58.123");
-        assertEquals("Time", new Time(new 
SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss.SSS").parse("23:59:58.123").getTime()), 
bean.aTimeField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testTimeFormatHHmmssCommaSSSSupported() throws ParseException {
-        SupportedTypes bean = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
SupportedTypes(), "-Time", "23:59:58,123");
-        assertEquals("Time", new Time(new 
SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss,SSS").parse("23:59:58,123").getTime()), 
bean.aTimeField);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testTimeFormatHHmmssSSSInvalidError() throws ParseException {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-Time", 
"23:59:58;123");
-            fail("Invalid format was accepted");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("'23:59:58;123' is not a HH:mm[:ss[.SSS]] time for 
option '-Time'", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testTimeFormatHHmmssDotInvalidError() throws ParseException {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-Time", 
"23:59:58.");
-            fail("Invalid format was accepted");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("'23:59:58.' is not a HH:mm[:ss[.SSS]] time for 
option '-Time'", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testTimeFormatHHmmsssInvalidError() throws ParseException {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-Time", 
"23:59:587");
-            fail("Invalid format was accepted");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("'23:59:587' is not a HH:mm[:ss[.SSS]] time for 
option '-Time'", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testTimeFormatHHmmssColonInvalidError() throws ParseException {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-Time", 
"23:59:");
-            fail("Invalid format was accepted");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("'23:59:' is not a HH:mm[:ss[.SSS]] time for option 
'-Time'", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testDateFormatYYYYmmddInvalidError() throws ParseException {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-Date", 
"20170131");
-            fail("Invalid format was accepted");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("'20170131' is not a yyyy-MM-dd date for option 
'-Date'", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCharConverterInvalidError() throws ParseException {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-Character", 
"aa");
-            fail("Invalid format was accepted");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("'aa' is not a single character for option 
'-Character'", expected.getMessage());
-        }
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), "-char", "aa");
-            fail("Invalid format was accepted");
-        } catch (ParameterException expected) {
-            assertEquals("'aa' is not a single character for option '-char'", 
expected.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testNumberConvertersInvalidError() {
-        parseInvalidValue("-Byte", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-byte", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-Short", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-short", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-Integer", "aa", ": 
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-int", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-Long", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-long", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-Float", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-float", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-Double", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-double", "aa", ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: 
For input string: \"aa\"");
-        parseInvalidValue("-BigDecimal", "aa", ": 
java.lang.NumberFormatException");
-        parseInvalidValue("-BigInteger", "aa", ": 
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: \"aa\"");
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testURLConvertersInvalidError() {
-        parseInvalidValue("-URL", ":::", ": java.net.MalformedURLException: no 
protocol: :::");
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testURIConvertersInvalidError() {
-        parseInvalidValue("-URI", ":::", ": java.net.URISyntaxException: 
Expected scheme name at index 0: :::");
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCharsetConvertersInvalidError() {
-        parseInvalidValue("-Charset", "aa", ": 
java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException: aa");
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testInetAddressConvertersInvalidError() {
-        parseInvalidValue("-InetAddress", "%$::a?*!a", ": 
java.net.UnknownHostException: %$::a?*!a");
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testUUIDConvertersInvalidError() {
-        parseInvalidValue("-UUID", "aa", ": 
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid UUID string: aa");
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testRegexPatternConverterInvalidError() {
-        parseInvalidValue("-Pattern", "[[(aa", String.format(": 
java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException: Unclosed character class near index 
4%n" +
-                "[[(aa%n" +
-                "    ^"));
-    }
-
-    private void parseInvalidValue(String option, String value, String 
errorMessage) {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SupportedTypes(), option, value);
-            fail("Invalid format " + value + " was accepted for " + option);
-        } catch (ParameterException actual) {
-            String type = option.substring(1);
-            String expected = "Could not convert '" + value + "' to " + type + 
" for option '" + option + "'" + errorMessage;
-            assertTrue("expected:<" + expected + "> but was:<" + 
actual.getMessage() + ">",
-                    actual.getMessage().startsWith(actual.getMessage()));
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCustomConverter() {
-        class Glob {
-            public final String glob;
-            public Glob(String glob) { this.glob = glob; }
-        }
-        class App {
-            @Parameters Glob globField;
-        }
-        class GlobConverter implements ITypeConverter<Glob> {
-            @Override
-            public Glob convert(String value) throws Exception { return new 
Glob(value); }
-        }
-        CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(new App());
-        commandLine.registerConverter(Glob.class, new GlobConverter());
-
-        String[] args = {"a*glob*pattern"};
-        List<CommandLine> parsed = commandLine.parse(args);
-        assertEquals("not empty", 1, parsed.size());
-        assertTrue(parsed.get(0).getCommand() instanceof App);
-        App app = (App) parsed.get(0).getCommand();
-        assertEquals(args[0], app.globField.glob);
-    }
-
-    private static class EnumParams {
-        @Option(names = "-timeUnit") TimeUnit timeUnit;
-        @Option(names = "-timeUnitArray", arity = "2") TimeUnit[] 
timeUnitArray;
-        @Option(names = "-timeUnitList", type = TimeUnit.class, arity = "3") 
List<TimeUnit> timeUnitList;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testEnumTypeConversionSuceedsForValidInput() {
-        EnumParams params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new EnumParams(),
-                "-timeUnit SECONDS -timeUnitArray MILLISECONDS SECONDS 
-timeUnitList SECONDS MICROSECONDS NANOSECONDS".split(" "));
-        assertEquals(SECONDS, params.timeUnit);
-        assertArrayEquals(new TimeUnit[]{MILLISECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS}, 
params.timeUnitArray);
-        List<TimeUnit> expected = new 
ArrayList<TimeUnit>(Arrays.asList(TimeUnit.SECONDS, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS, 
TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));
-        assertEquals(expected, params.timeUnitList);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testEnumTypeConversionFailsForInvalidInput() {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new EnumParams(), "-timeUnit", "xyz");
-            fail("Accepted invalid timeunit");
-        } catch (Exception ex) {
-            String prefix = "Could not convert 'xyz' to TimeUnit for option 
'-timeUnit'" +
-                    ": java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No enum cons";
-            String suffix = " java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.xyz";
-            assertEquals(prefix, ex.getMessage().substring(0, 
prefix.length()));
-            assertEquals(suffix, 
ex.getMessage().substring(ex.getMessage().length() - suffix.length(), 
ex.getMessage().length()));
-        }
-    }
-    @Ignore("Requires #14 case-insensitive enum parsing")
-    @Test
-    public void testEnumTypeConversionIsCaseInsensitive() {
-        EnumParams params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new EnumParams(),
-                "-timeUnit sEcONds -timeUnitArray milliSeconds miCroSeConds 
-timeUnitList SEConds MiCROsEconds nanoSEConds".split(" "));
-        assertEquals(SECONDS, params.timeUnit);
-        assertArrayEquals(new TimeUnit[]{MILLISECONDS, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS}, 
params.timeUnitArray);
-        List<TimeUnit> expected = new 
ArrayList<TimeUnit>(Arrays.asList(TimeUnit.SECONDS, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS, 
TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));
-        assertEquals(expected, params.timeUnitList);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testEnumArrayTypeConversionFailsForInvalidInput() {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new EnumParams(), "-timeUnitArray", 
"a", "b");
-            fail("Accepted invalid timeunit");
-        } catch (Exception ex) {
-            String prefix = "Could not convert 'a' to TimeUnit for option 
'-timeUnitArray' at index 0 (<timeUnitArray>)" +
-                    ": java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No enum const";
-            String suffix = " java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.a";
-            assertEquals(prefix, ex.getMessage().substring(0, 
prefix.length()));
-            assertEquals(suffix, 
ex.getMessage().substring(ex.getMessage().length() - suffix.length(), 
ex.getMessage().length()));
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testEnumListTypeConversionFailsForInvalidInput() {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new EnumParams(), "-timeUnitList", 
"SECONDS", "b", "c");
-            fail("Accepted invalid timeunit");
-        } catch (Exception ex) {
-            String prefix = "Could not convert 'b' to TimeUnit for option 
'-timeUnitList' at index 1 (<timeUnitList>)" +
-                    ": java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No enum const";
-            String suffix = " java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.b";
-            assertEquals(prefix, ex.getMessage().substring(0, 
prefix.length()));
-            assertEquals(suffix, 
ex.getMessage().substring(ex.getMessage().length() - suffix.length(), 
ex.getMessage().length()));
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testArrayOptionParametersAreAlwaysInstantiated() {
-        EnumParams params = new EnumParams();
-        TimeUnit[] array = params.timeUnitArray;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("-timeUnitArray", "SECONDS", 
"MILLISECONDS");
-        assertNotSame(array, params.timeUnitArray);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testListOptionParametersAreInstantiatedIfNull() {
-        EnumParams params = new EnumParams();
-        assertNull(params.timeUnitList);
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("-timeUnitList", "SECONDS", 
"MICROSECONDS", "MILLISECONDS");
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(SECONDS, MICROSECONDS, MILLISECONDS), 
params.timeUnitList);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testListOptionParametersAreReusedInstantiatedIfNonNull() {
-        EnumParams params = new EnumParams();
-        List<TimeUnit> list = new ArrayList<TimeUnit>();
-        params.timeUnitList = list;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("-timeUnitList", "SECONDS", 
"MICROSECONDS", "SECONDS");
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(SECONDS, MICROSECONDS, SECONDS), 
params.timeUnitList);
-        assertSame(list, params.timeUnitList);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testArrayPositionalParametersAreAppendedNotReplaced() {
-        class ArrayPositionalParams {
-            @Parameters() int[] array;
-        }
-        ArrayPositionalParams params = new ArrayPositionalParams();
-        params.array = new int[3];
-        int[] array = params.array;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertNotSame(array, params.array);
-        assertArrayEquals(new int[]{0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1}, params.array);
-    }
-    private class ListPositionalParams {
-        @Parameters(type = Integer.class) List<Integer> list;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testListPositionalParametersAreInstantiatedIfNull() {
-        ListPositionalParams params = new ListPositionalParams();
-        assertNull(params.list);
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertNotNull(params.list);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(3, 2, 1), params.list);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testListPositionalParametersAreReusedIfNonNull() {
-        ListPositionalParams params = new ListPositionalParams();
-        params.list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
-        List<Integer> list = params.list;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.list);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(3, 2, 1), params.list);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testListPositionalParametersAreAppendedToIfNonNull() {
-        ListPositionalParams params = new ListPositionalParams();
-        params.list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
-        params.list.add(234);
-        List<Integer> list = params.list;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.list);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(234, 3, 2, 1), params.list);
-    }
-    class SortedSetPositionalParams {
-        @Parameters(type = Integer.class) SortedSet<Integer> sortedSet;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testSortedSetPositionalParametersAreInstantiatedIfNull() {
-        SortedSetPositionalParams params = new SortedSetPositionalParams();
-        assertNull(params.sortedSet);
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertNotNull(params.sortedSet);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3), new 
ArrayList<Integer>(params.sortedSet));
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testSortedSetPositionalParametersAreReusedIfNonNull() {
-        SortedSetPositionalParams params = new SortedSetPositionalParams();
-        params.sortedSet = new TreeSet<Integer>();
-        SortedSet<Integer> list = params.sortedSet;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.sortedSet);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3), new 
ArrayList<Integer>(params.sortedSet));
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testSortedSetPositionalParametersAreAppendedToIfNonNull() {
-        SortedSetPositionalParams params = new SortedSetPositionalParams();
-        params.sortedSet = new TreeSet<Integer>();
-        params.sortedSet.add(234);
-        SortedSet<Integer> list = params.sortedSet;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.sortedSet);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 234), new 
ArrayList<Integer>(params.sortedSet));
-    }
-    class SetPositionalParams {
-        @Parameters(type = Integer.class) Set<Integer> set;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testSetPositionalParametersAreInstantiatedIfNull() {
-        SetPositionalParams params = new SetPositionalParams();
-        assertNull(params.set);
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertNotNull(params.set);
-        assertEquals(new HashSet(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3)), params.set);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testSetPositionalParametersAreReusedIfNonNull() {
-        SetPositionalParams params = new SetPositionalParams();
-        params.set = new TreeSet<Integer>();
-        Set<Integer> list = params.set;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.set);
-        assertEquals(new HashSet(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3)), params.set);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testSetPositionalParametersAreAppendedToIfNonNull() {
-        SetPositionalParams params = new SetPositionalParams();
-        params.set = new TreeSet<Integer>();
-        params.set.add(234);
-        Set<Integer> list = params.set;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.set);
-        assertEquals(new HashSet(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 234)), params.set);
-    }
-    class QueuePositionalParams {
-        @Parameters(type = Integer.class) Queue<Integer> queue;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testQueuePositionalParametersAreInstantiatedIfNull() {
-        QueuePositionalParams params = new QueuePositionalParams();
-        assertNull(params.queue);
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertNotNull(params.queue);
-        assertEquals(new LinkedList(Arrays.asList(3, 2, 1)), params.queue);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testQueuePositionalParametersAreReusedIfNonNull() {
-        QueuePositionalParams params = new QueuePositionalParams();
-        params.queue = new LinkedList<Integer>();
-        Queue<Integer> list = params.queue;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.queue);
-        assertEquals(new LinkedList(Arrays.asList(3, 2, 1)), params.queue);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testQueuePositionalParametersAreAppendedToIfNonNull() {
-        QueuePositionalParams params = new QueuePositionalParams();
-        params.queue = new LinkedList<Integer>();
-        params.queue.add(234);
-        Queue<Integer> list = params.queue;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.queue);
-        assertEquals(new LinkedList(Arrays.asList(234, 3, 2, 1)), 
params.queue);
-    }
-    class CollectionPositionalParams {
-        @Parameters(type = Integer.class) Collection<Integer> collection;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCollectionPositionalParametersAreInstantiatedIfNull() {
-        CollectionPositionalParams params = new CollectionPositionalParams();
-        assertNull(params.collection);
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertNotNull(params.collection);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(3, 2, 1), params.collection);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCollectionPositionalParametersAreReusedIfNonNull() {
-        CollectionPositionalParams params = new CollectionPositionalParams();
-        params.collection = new ArrayList<Integer>();
-        Collection<Integer> list = params.collection;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.collection);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(3, 2, 1), params.collection);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCollectionPositionalParametersAreAppendedToIfNonNull() {
-        CollectionPositionalParams params = new CollectionPositionalParams();
-        params.collection = new ArrayList<Integer>();
-        params.collection.add(234);
-        Collection<Integer> list = params.collection;
-        new CommandLine(params).parse("3", "2", "1");
-        assertSame(list, params.collection);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(234, 3, 2, 1), params.collection);
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = DuplicateOptionAnnotationsException.class)
-    public void testDuplicateOptionsAreRejected() {
-        /** Duplicate parameter names are invalid. */
-        class DuplicateOptions {
-            @Option(names = "-duplicate") public int value1;
-            @Option(names = "-duplicate") public int value2;
-        }
-        new CommandLine(new DuplicateOptions());
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = DuplicateOptionAnnotationsException.class)
-    public void testClashingAnnotationsAreRejected() {
-        class ClashingAnnotation {
-            @Option(names = "-o")
-            @Parameters
-            public String[] bothOptionAndParameters;
-        }
-        new CommandLine(new ClashingAnnotation());
-    }
-
-    private static class PrivateFinalOptionFields {
-        @Option(names = "-f") private final String field = null;
-        @Option(names = "-p") private final int primitive = 43;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCanInitializePrivateFinalFields() {
-        PrivateFinalOptionFields ff = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
PrivateFinalOptionFields(), "-f", "reference value");
-        assertEquals("reference value", ff.field);
-    }
-    @Ignore("Needs Reject final primitive fields annotated with @Option or 
@Parameters #68")
-    @Test
-    public void testCanInitializeFinalPrimitiveFields() {
-        PrivateFinalOptionFields ff = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
PrivateFinalOptionFields(), "-p", "12");
-        assertEquals("primitive value", 12, ff.primitive);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testLastValueSelectedIfOptionSpecifiedMultipleTimes() {
-        setTraceLevel("OFF");
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(new 
PrivateFinalOptionFields()).setOverwrittenOptionsAllowed(true);
-        cmd.parse("-f", "111", "-f", "222");
-        PrivateFinalOptionFields ff = (PrivateFinalOptionFields) 
cmd.getCommand();
-        assertEquals("222", ff.field);
-    }
-
-    private static class PrivateFinalParameterFields {
-        @Parameters(index = "0") private final String field = null;
-        @Parameters(index = "1", arity = "0..1") private final int primitive = 
43;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCanInitializePrivateFinalParameterFields() {
-        PrivateFinalParameterFields ff = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
PrivateFinalParameterFields(), "ref value");
-        assertEquals("ref value", ff.field);
-    }
-    @Ignore("Needs Reject final primitive fields annotated with @Option or 
@Parameters #68")
-    @Test
-    public void testCannotInitializePrivateFinalPrimitiveParameterFields() {
-        PrivateFinalParameterFields ff = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
PrivateFinalParameterFields(), "ref value", "12");
-        assertEquals("ref value", ff.field);
-        assertEquals("primitive value", 12, ff.primitive);
-    }
-
-    private static class RequiredField {
-        @Option(names = {"-?", "/?"},        help = true)       boolean 
isHelpRequested;
-        @Option(names = {"-V", "--version"}, versionHelp= true) boolean 
versionHelp;
-        @Option(names = {"-h", "--help"},    usageHelp = true)  boolean 
usageHelp;
-        @Option(names = "--required", required = true) private String required;
-        @Parameters private String[] remainder;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testErrorIfRequiredOptionNotSpecified() {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new RequiredField(), "arg1", "arg2");
-            fail("Missing required field should have thrown exception");
-        } catch (MissingParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required option '--required=<required>'", 
ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testNoErrorIfRequiredOptionSpecified() {
-        CommandLine.populateCommand(new RequiredField(), "--required", "arg1", 
"arg2");
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testNoErrorIfRequiredOptionNotSpecifiedWhenHelpRequested() {
-        RequiredField requiredField = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
RequiredField(), "-?");
-        assertTrue("help requested", requiredField.isHelpRequested);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void 
testNoErrorIfRequiredOptionNotSpecifiedWhenUsageHelpRequested() {
-        RequiredField requiredField = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
RequiredField(), "--help");
-        assertTrue("usage help requested", requiredField.usageHelp);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void 
testNoErrorIfRequiredOptionNotSpecifiedWhenVersionHelpRequested() {
-        RequiredField requiredField = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
RequiredField(), "--version");
-        assertTrue("version info requested", requiredField.versionHelp);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCommandLine_isUsageHelpRequested_trueWhenSpecified() {
-        List<CommandLine> parsedCommands = new CommandLine(new 
RequiredField()).parse("--help");
-        assertTrue("usage help requested", 
parsedCommands.get(0).isUsageHelpRequested());
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCommandLine_isVersionHelpRequested_trueWhenSpecified() {
-        List<CommandLine> parsedCommands = new CommandLine(new 
RequiredField()).parse("--version");
-        assertTrue("version info requested", 
parsedCommands.get(0).isVersionHelpRequested());
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCommandLine_isUsageHelpRequested_falseWhenNotSpecified() {
-        List<CommandLine> parsedCommands = new CommandLine(new 
RequiredField()).parse("--version");
-        assertFalse("usage help requested", 
parsedCommands.get(0).isUsageHelpRequested());
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCommandLine_isVersionHelpRequested_falseWhenNotSpecified() 
{
-        List<CommandLine> parsedCommands = new CommandLine(new 
RequiredField()).parse("--help");
-        assertFalse("version info requested", 
parsedCommands.get(0).isVersionHelpRequested());
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testHelpRequestedFlagResetWhenParsing_staticMethod() {
-        RequiredField requiredField = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
RequiredField(), "-?");
-        assertTrue("help requested", requiredField.isHelpRequested);
-
-        requiredField.isHelpRequested = false;
-
-        // should throw error again on second pass (no help was requested 
here...)
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(requiredField, "arg1", "arg2");
-            fail("Missing required field should have thrown exception");
-        } catch (MissingParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required option '--required=<required>'", 
ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testHelpRequestedFlagResetWhenParsing_instanceMethod() {
-        RequiredField requiredField = new RequiredField();
-        CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(requiredField);
-        commandLine.parse("-?");
-        assertTrue("help requested", requiredField.isHelpRequested);
-
-        requiredField.isHelpRequested = false;
-
-        // should throw error again on second pass (no help was requested 
here...)
-        try {
-            commandLine.parse("arg1", "arg2");
-            fail("Missing required field should have thrown exception");
-        } catch (MissingParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required option '--required=<required>'", 
ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    private class CompactFields {
-        @Option(names = "-v") boolean verbose;
-        @Option(names = "-r") boolean recursive;
-        @Option(names = "-o") File outputFile;
-        @Parameters File[] inputFiles;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testCompactFieldsAnyOrder() {
-        //cmd -a -o arg path path
-        //cmd -o arg -a path path
-        //cmd -a -o arg -- path path
-        //cmd -a -oarg path path
-        //cmd -aoarg path path
-        CompactFields compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
CompactFields(), "-rvoout");
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", null);
-
-        // change order within compact group
-        compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-vroout");
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", null);
-
-        // compact group with separator
-        compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-vro=out");
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", null);
-
-        compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-rv p1 
p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, null, fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-
-        compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-voout p1 
p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, false, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-
-        compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-voout -r 
p1 p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-
-        compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-r -v 
-oout p1 p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-
-        compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-rv -o out 
p1 p2".split(" ")); //#233
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-
-        compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-oout -r 
-v p1 p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-
-        compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-rvo out 
p1 p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-oout -r -vp1 
p2".split(" "));
-            fail("should fail: -v does not take an argument");
-        } catch (UnmatchedArgumentException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Unmatched argument [-p1]", ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCompactFieldsWithUnmatchedArguments() {
-        setTraceLevel("OFF");
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(new 
CompactFields()).setUnmatchedArgumentsAllowed(true);
-        cmd.parse("-oout -r -vp1 p2".split(" "));
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("-p1"), cmd.getUnmatchedArguments());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCompactWithOptionParamSeparatePlusParameters() {
-        CompactFields compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
CompactFields(), "-r -v -o out p1 p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCompactWithOptionParamAttachedEqualsSeparatorChar() {
-        CompactFields compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
CompactFields(), "-rvo=out p1 p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testCompactWithOptionParamAttachedColonSeparatorChar() {
-        CompactFields compact = new CompactFields();
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(compact);
-        cmd.setSeparator(":");
-        cmd.parse("-rvo:out p1 p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-    }
-
-    /** See {@link #testGnuLongOptionsWithVariousSeparators()}  */
-    @Test
-    public void testDefaultSeparatorIsEquals() {
-        assertEquals("=", new CommandLine(new CompactFields()).getSeparator());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOptionsMixedWithParameters() {
-        CompactFields compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
CompactFields(), "-r -v p1 -o out p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "out", fileArray("p1", "p2"));
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void 
testShortOptionsWithSeparatorButNoValueAssignsEmptyStringEvenIfNotLast() {
-        CompactFields compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
CompactFields(), "-ro= -v".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, false, true, "-v", null);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void 
testShortOptionsWithColonSeparatorButNoValueAssignsEmptyStringEvenIfNotLast() {
-        CompactFields compact = new CompactFields();
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(compact);
-        cmd.setSeparator(":");
-        cmd.parse("-ro: -v".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, false, true, "-v", null);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testShortOptionsWithSeparatorButNoValueFailsIfValueRequired() {
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-rvo=".split(" 
"));
-            fail("Expected exception");
-        } catch (ParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required parameter for option '-o' 
(<outputFile>)", ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void 
testShortOptionsWithSeparatorButNoValueAssignsQuotedEmptyStringEvenIfNotLast() {
-        CompactFields compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
CompactFields(), "-ro=\"\" -v".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "", null);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void 
testShortOptionsWithColonSeparatorButNoValueAssignsQuotedEmptyStringEvenIfNotLast()
 {
-        CompactFields compact = new CompactFields();
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(compact);
-        cmd.setSeparator(":");
-        cmd.parse("-ro:\"\" -v".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "", null);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void 
testShortOptionsWithSeparatorButNoValueAssignsEmptyQuotedStringIfLast() {
-        CompactFields compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
CompactFields(), "-rvo=\"\"".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, true, true, "", null);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDoubleDashSeparatesPositionalParameters() {
-        CompactFields compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
CompactFields(), "-oout -- -r -v p1 p2".split(" "));
-        verifyCompact(compact, false, false, "out", fileArray("-r", "-v", 
"p1", "p2"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDebugOutputForDoubleDashSeparatesPositionalParameters() 
throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
-        PrintStream originalErr = System.err;
-        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(2500);
-        System.setErr(new PrintStream(baos));
-        final String PROPERTY = "picocli.trace";
-        String old = System.getProperty(PROPERTY);
-        System.setProperty(PROPERTY, "DEBUG");
-        CommandLine.populateCommand(new CompactFields(), "-oout -- -r -v p1 
p2".split(" "));
-        System.setErr(originalErr);
-        if (old == null) {
-            System.clearProperty(PROPERTY);
-        } else {
-            System.setProperty(PROPERTY, old);
-        }
-        String expected = String.format("" +
-                        "[picocli INFO] Parsing 6 command line args [-oout, 
--, -r, -v, p1, p2]%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Initializing %1$s$CompactFields: 3 
options, 1 positional parameters, 0 required, 0 subcommands.%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Processing argument '-oout'. 
Remainder=[--, -r, -v, p1, p2]%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] '-oout' cannot be separated into 
<option>=<option-parameter>%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Trying to process '-oout' as 
clustered short options%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Found option '-o' in -oout: field 
java.io.File %1$s$CompactFields.outputFile, arity=1%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Trying to process 'out' as option 
parameter%n" +
-                        "[picocli INFO] Setting File field 
'CompactFields.outputFile' to 'out' (was 'null') for option -o%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Processing argument '--'. 
Remainder=[-r, -v, p1, p2]%n" +
-                        "[picocli INFO] Found end-of-options delimiter '--'. 
Treating remainder as positional parameters.%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Processing next arg as a positional 
parameter at index=0. Remainder=[-r, -v, p1, p2]%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Position 0 is in index range 0..*. 
Trying to assign args to java.io.File[] %1$s$CompactFields.inputFiles, 
arity=0..1%n" +
-                        "[picocli INFO] Adding [-r] to File[] field 
'CompactFields.inputFiles' for args[0..*] at position 0%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Consumed 1 arguments, moving position 
to index 1.%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Processing next arg as a positional 
parameter at index=1. Remainder=[-v, p1, p2]%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Position 1 is in index range 0..*. 
Trying to assign args to java.io.File[] %1$s$CompactFields.inputFiles, 
arity=0..1%n" +
-                        "[picocli INFO] Adding [-v] to File[] field 
'CompactFields.inputFiles' for args[0..*] at position 1%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Consumed 1 arguments, moving position 
to index 2.%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Processing next arg as a positional 
parameter at index=2. Remainder=[p1, p2]%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Position 2 is in index range 0..*. 
Trying to assign args to java.io.File[] %1$s$CompactFields.inputFiles, 
arity=0..1%n" +
-                        "[picocli INFO] Adding [p1] to File[] field 
'CompactFields.inputFiles' for args[0..*] at position 2%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Consumed 1 arguments, moving position 
to index 3.%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Processing next arg as a positional 
parameter at index=3. Remainder=[p2]%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Position 3 is in index range 0..*. 
Trying to assign args to java.io.File[] %1$s$CompactFields.inputFiles, 
arity=0..1%n" +
-                        "[picocli INFO] Adding [p2] to File[] field 
'CompactFields.inputFiles' for args[0..*] at position 3%n" +
-                        "[picocli DEBUG] Consumed 1 arguments, moving position 
to index 4.%n",
-                CommandLineTest.class.getName(), new 
File("/home/rpopma/picocli"));
-        String actual = new String(baos.toByteArray(), "UTF8");
-        //System.out.println(actual);
-        assertEquals(expected, actual);
-    }
-
-    private File[] fileArray(final String ... paths) {
-        File[] result = new File[paths.length];
-        for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
-            result[i] = new File(paths[i]);
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    private void verifyCompact(CompactFields compact, boolean verbose, boolean 
recursive, String out, File[] params) {
-        assertEquals("-v", verbose, compact.verbose);
-        assertEquals("-r", recursive, compact.recursive);
-        assertEquals("-o", out == null ? null : new File(out), 
compact.outputFile);
-        if (params == null) {
-            assertNull("args", compact.inputFiles);
-        } else {
-            assertArrayEquals("args=" + Arrays.toString(compact.inputFiles), 
params, compact.inputFiles);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNonSpacedOptions() {
-        CompactFields compact = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
CompactFields(), "-rvo arg path path".split(" "));
-        assertTrue("-r", compact.recursive);
-        assertTrue("-v", compact.verbose);
-        assertEquals("-o", new File("arg"), compact.outputFile);
-        assertArrayEquals("args", new File[]{new File("path"), new 
File("path")}, compact.inputFiles);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPrimitiveParameters() {
-        class PrimitiveIntParameters {
-            @Parameters int[] intParams;
-        }
-        PrimitiveIntParameters params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
PrimitiveIntParameters(), "1 2 3 4".split(" "));
-        assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4}, params.intParams);
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = MissingTypeConverterException.class)
-    public void testMissingTypeConverter() {
-        class MissingConverter {
-            @Option(names = "--socket") Socket socket;
-        }
-        CommandLine.populateCommand(new MissingConverter(), "--socket 
anyString".split(" "));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testParametersDeclaredOutOfOrderWithNoArgs() {
-        class WithParams {
-            @Parameters(index = "1") String param1;
-            @Parameters(index = "0") String param0;
-        }
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new WithParams(), new String[0]);
-        } catch (MissingParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required parameters: <param0>, <param1>", 
ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    class VariousPrefixCharacters {
-        @Option(names = {"-d", "--dash"}) int dash;
-        @Option(names = {"/S"}) int slashS;
-        @Option(names = {"/T"}) int slashT;
-        @Option(names = {"/4"}) boolean fourDigit;
-        @Option(names = {"/Owner", "--owner"}) String owner;
-        @Option(names = {"-SingleDash"}) boolean singleDash;
-        @Option(names = {"[CPM"}) String cpm;
-        @Option(names = {"(CMS"}) String cms;
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testOptionsMayDefineAnyPrefixChar() {
-        VariousPrefixCharacters params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
VariousPrefixCharacters(),
-                "-d 123 /4 /S 765 /T=98 /Owner=xyz -SingleDash [CPM CP/M 
(CMS=cmsVal".split(" "));
-        assertEquals("-d", 123, params.dash);
-        assertEquals("/S", 765, params.slashS);
-        assertEquals("/T", 98, params.slashT);
-        assertTrue("/4", params.fourDigit);
-        assertTrue("-SingleDash", params.singleDash);
-        assertEquals("/Owner", "xyz", params.owner);
-        assertEquals("[CPM", "CP/M", params.cpm);
-        assertEquals("(CMS", "cmsVal", params.cms);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testGnuLongOptionsWithVariousSeparators() {
-        VariousPrefixCharacters params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
VariousPrefixCharacters(), "--dash 123".split(" "));
-        assertEquals("--dash val", 123, params.dash);
-
-        params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new VariousPrefixCharacters(), 
"--dash=234 --owner=x".split(" "));
-        assertEquals("--dash=val", 234, params.dash);
-        assertEquals("--owner=x", "x", params.owner);
-
-        params = new VariousPrefixCharacters();
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(params);
-        cmd.setSeparator(":");
-        cmd.parse("--dash:345");
-        assertEquals("--dash:val", 345, params.dash);
-
-        params = new VariousPrefixCharacters();
-        cmd = new CommandLine(params);
-        cmd.setSeparator(":");
-        cmd.parse("--dash:345 --owner:y".split(" "));
-        assertEquals("--dash:val", 345, params.dash);
-        assertEquals("--owner:y", "y", params.owner);
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testSeparatorCanBeSetDeclaratively() {
-        @Command(separator = ":")
-        class App {
-            @Option(names = "--opt", required = true) String opt;
-        }
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new App(), "--opt=abc");
-            fail("Expected failure with unknown separator");
-        } catch (MissingParameterException ok) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required option '--opt:<opt>'", 
ok.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testIfSeparatorSetTheDefaultSeparatorIsNotRecognized() {
-        @Command(separator = ":")
-        class App {
-            @Option(names = "--opt", required = true) String opt;
-        }
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new App(), "--opt=abc");
-            fail("Expected failure with unknown separator");
-        } catch (MissingParameterException ok) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required option '--opt:<opt>'", 
ok.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void 
testIfSeparatorSetTheDefaultSeparatorIsNotRecognizedWithUnmatchedArgsAllowed() {
-        @Command(separator = ":")
-        class App {
-            @Option(names = "--opt", required = true) String opt;
-        }
-        setTraceLevel("OFF");
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(new 
App()).setUnmatchedArgumentsAllowed(true);
-        try {
-            cmd.parse("--opt=abc");
-            fail("Expected MissingParameterException");
-        } catch (MissingParameterException ok) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required option '--opt:<opt>'", 
ok.getMessage());
-            assertEquals(Arrays.asList("--opt=abc"), 
cmd.getUnmatchedArguments());
-        }
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void testGnuLongOptionsWithVariousSeparatorsOnlyAndNoValue() {
-        VariousPrefixCharacters params;
-        try {
-            params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
VariousPrefixCharacters(), "--dash".split(" "));
-            fail("int option needs arg");
-        } catch (ParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required parameter for option '-d' 
(<dash>)", ex.getMessage());
-        }
-
-        try {
-            params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
VariousPrefixCharacters(), "--owner".split(" "));
-        } catch (ParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required parameter for option '/Owner' 
(<owner>)", ex.getMessage());
-        }
-
-        params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new VariousPrefixCharacters(), 
"--owner=".split(" "));
-        assertEquals("--owner= (at end)", "", params.owner);
-
-        params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new VariousPrefixCharacters(), 
"--owner= /4".split(" "));
-        assertEquals("--owner= (in middle)", "", params.owner);
-        assertEquals("/4", true, params.fourDigit);
-
-        try {
-            params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
VariousPrefixCharacters(), "--dash=".split(" "));
-            fail("int option (with sep but no value) needs arg");
-        } catch (ParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Could not convert '' to int for option '-d'" +
-                    ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: 
\"\"", ex.getMessage());
-        }
-
-        try {
-            params = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
VariousPrefixCharacters(), "--dash= /4".split(" "));
-            fail("int option (with sep but no value, followed by other option) 
needs arg");
-        } catch (ParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Could not convert '' to int for option '-d'" +
-                    ": java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: 
\"\"", ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOptionParameterSeparatorIsCustomizable() {
-        VariousPrefixCharacters params = new VariousPrefixCharacters();
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(params);
-        cmd.setSeparator(":");
-        cmd.parse("-d 123 /4 /S 765 /T:98 /Owner:xyz -SingleDash [CPM CP/M 
(CMS:cmsVal".split(" "));
-        assertEquals("-d", 123, params.dash);
-        assertEquals("/S", 765, params.slashS);
-        assertEquals("/T", 98, params.slashT);
-        assertTrue("/4", params.fourDigit);
-        assertTrue("-SingleDash", params.singleDash);
-        assertEquals("/Owner", "xyz", params.owner);
-        assertEquals("[CPM", "CP/M", params.cpm);
-        assertEquals("(CMS", "cmsVal", params.cms);
-    }
-    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
-    public void testOptionParameterSeparatorCannotBeSetToNull() {
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(new VariousPrefixCharacters());
-        cmd.setSeparator(null);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPotentiallyNestedOptionParsedCorrectly() {
-        class MyOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-p") String path;
-        }
-        MyOption opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new MyOption(), "-pa-p");
-        assertEquals("a-p", opt.path);
-
-        opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new MyOption(), "-p-ap");
-        assertEquals("-ap", opt.path);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testArityGreaterThanOneForSingleValuedFields() {
-        class Arity2 {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-p", arity="2") String path;
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-o", arity="2") String[] otherPath;
-        }
-        Arity2 opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Arity2(), "-o a 
b".split(" "));
-
-        try {
-            opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Arity2(), "-p a b".split(" 
"));
-            fail("expected exception");
-        } catch (UnmatchedArgumentException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Unmatched argument [b]", ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOptionParameterQuotesRemovedFromValue() {
-        class TextOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-t") String text;
-        }
-        TextOption opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t", 
"\"a text\"");
-        assertEquals("a text", opt.text);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLongOptionAttachedQuotedParameterQuotesRemovedFromValue() {
-        class TextOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "--text") String text;
-        }
-        TextOption opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), 
"--text=\"a text\"");
-        assertEquals("a text", opt.text);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testShortOptionAttachedQuotedParameterQuotesRemovedFromValue() 
{
-        class TextOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-t") String text;
-        }
-        TextOption opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t\"a 
text\"");
-        assertEquals("a text", opt.text);
-
-        opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t=\"a text\"");
-        assertEquals("a text", opt.text);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testShortOptionQuotedParameterTypeConversion() {
-        class TextOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-t") int[] number;
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-v", arity = "1") boolean verbose;
-        }
-        TextOption opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t", 
"\"123\"", "-v", "\"true\"");
-        assertEquals(123, opt.number[0]);
-        assertTrue(opt.verbose);
-
-        opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t\"123\"", 
"-v\"true\"");
-        assertEquals(123, opt.number[0]);
-        assertTrue(opt.verbose);
-
-        opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t=\"345\"", 
"-v=\"true\"");
-        assertEquals(345, opt.number[0]);
-        assertTrue(opt.verbose);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOptionMultiParameterQuotesRemovedFromValue() {
-        class TextOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-t") String[] text;
-        }
-        TextOption opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t", 
"\"a text\"", "-t", "\"another text\"", "-t", "\"x z\"");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a text", "another text", "x z"}, 
opt.text);
-
-        opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t\"a text\"", 
"-t\"another text\"", "-t\"x z\"");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a text", "another text", "x z"}, 
opt.text);
-
-        opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t=\"a text\"", 
"-t=\"another text\"", "-t=\"x z\"");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a text", "another text", "x z"}, 
opt.text);
-
-        try {
-            opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextOption(), "-t=\"a 
text\"", "-t=\"another text\"", "\"x z\"");
-            fail("Expected UnmatchedArgumentException");
-        } catch (UnmatchedArgumentException ok) {
-            assertEquals("Unmatched argument [\"x z\"]", ok.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalParameterQuotesRemovedFromValue() {
-        class TextParams {
-            @CommandLine.Parameters() String[] text;
-        }
-        TextParams opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextParams(), "\"a 
text\"");
-        assertEquals("a text", opt.text[0]);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalMultiParameterQuotesRemovedFromValue() {
-        class TextParams {
-            @CommandLine.Parameters() String[] text;
-        }
-        TextParams opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextParams(), "\"a 
text\"", "\"another text\"", "\"x z\"");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a text", "another text", "x z"}, 
opt.text);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalMultiQuotedParameterTypeConversion() {
-        class TextParams {
-            @CommandLine.Parameters() int[] numbers;
-        }
-        TextParams opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new TextParams(), 
"\"123\"", "\"456\"", "\"999\"");
-        assertArrayEquals(new int[]{123, 456, 999}, opt.numbers);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSubclassedOptions() {
-        class ParentOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-p") String path;
-        }
-        class ChildOption extends ParentOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-t") String text;
-        }
-        ChildOption opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new ChildOption(), "-p", 
"somePath", "-t", "\"a text\"");
-        assertEquals("somePath", opt.path);
-        assertEquals("a text", opt.text);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void 
testSubclassedOptionsWithShadowedOptionNameThrowsDuplicateOptionAnnotationsException()
 {
-        class ParentOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-p") String path;
-        }
-        class ChildOption extends ParentOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-p") String text;
-        }
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new ChildOption(), "");
-            fail("expected CommandLine$DuplicateOptionAnnotationsException");
-        } catch (DuplicateOptionAnnotationsException ex) {
-            String expected = String.format("Option name '-p' is used by both 
%s.path and %s.text",
-                    ParentOption.class.getName(), ChildOption.class.getName());
-            assertEquals(expected, ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSubclassedOptionsWithShadowedFieldInitializesChildField() {
-        class ParentOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-parentPath") String path;
-        }
-        class ChildOption extends ParentOption {
-            @CommandLine.Option(names = "-childPath") String path;
-        }
-        ChildOption opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new ChildOption(), 
"-childPath", "somePath");
-        assertEquals("somePath", opt.path);
-
-        opt = CommandLine.populateCommand(new ChildOption(), "-parentPath", 
"somePath");
-        assertNull(opt.path);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalParamWithAbsoluteIndex() {
-        class App {
-            @Parameters(index = "0") File file0;
-            @Parameters(index = "1") File file1;
-            @Parameters(index = "2", arity = "0..1") File file2;
-            @Parameters List<String> all;
-        }
-        App app1 = CommandLine.populateCommand(new App(), "000", "111", "222", 
"333");
-        assertEquals("arg[0]", new File("000"), app1.file0);
-        assertEquals("arg[1]", new File("111"), app1.file1);
-        assertEquals("arg[2]", new File("222"), app1.file2);
-        assertEquals("args", Arrays.asList("000", "111", "222", "333"), 
app1.all);
-
-        App app2 = CommandLine.populateCommand(new App(), "000", "111");
-        assertEquals("arg[0]", new File("000"), app2.file0);
-        assertEquals("arg[1]", new File("111"), app2.file1);
-        assertEquals("arg[2]", null, app2.file2);
-        assertEquals("args", Arrays.asList("000", "111"), app2.all);
-
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new App(), "000");
-            fail("Should fail with missingParamException");
-        } catch (MissingParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required parameter: <file1>", 
ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalParamWithFixedIndexRange() {
-        System.setProperty("picocli.trace", "OFF");
-        class App {
-            @Parameters(index = "0..1") File file0_1;
-            @Parameters(index = "1..2", type = File.class) List<File> 
fileList1_2;
-            @Parameters(index = "0..3") File[] fileArray0_3 = new File[4];
-            @Parameters List<String> all;
-        }
-        App app1 = new App();
-        new CommandLine(app1).setOverwrittenOptionsAllowed(true).parse("000", 
"111", "222", "333");
-        assertEquals("field initialized with arg[0]", new File("111"), 
app1.file0_1);
-        assertEquals("arg[1] and arg[2]", Arrays.asList(
-                new File("111"),
-                new File("222")), app1.fileList1_2);
-        assertArrayEquals("arg[0-3]", new File[]{
-                null, null, null, null, // existing values
-                new File("000"),
-                new File("111"),
-                new File("222"),
-                new File("333")}, app1.fileArray0_3);
-        assertEquals("args", Arrays.asList("000", "111", "222", "333"), 
app1.all);
-
-        App app2 = new App();
-        new CommandLine(app2).setOverwrittenOptionsAllowed(true).parse("000", 
"111");
-        assertEquals("field initialized with arg[0]", new File("111"), 
app2.file0_1);
-        assertEquals("arg[1]", Arrays.asList(new File("111")), 
app2.fileList1_2);
-        assertArrayEquals("arg[0-3]", new File[]{
-                null, null, null, null, // existing values
-                new File("000"),
-                new File("111"),}, app2.fileArray0_3);
-        assertEquals("args", Arrays.asList("000", "111"), app2.all);
-
-        App app3 = CommandLine.populateCommand(new App(), "000");
-        assertEquals("field initialized with arg[0]", new File("000"), 
app3.file0_1);
-        assertEquals("arg[1]", null, app3.fileList1_2);
-        assertArrayEquals("arg[0-3]", new File[]{
-                null, null, null, null, // existing values
-                new File("000")}, app3.fileArray0_3);
-        assertEquals("args", Arrays.asList("000"), app3.all);
-
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new App());
-            fail("Should fail with missingParamException");
-        } catch (MissingParameterException ex) {
-            assertEquals("Missing required parameter: <file0_1>", 
ex.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalParamWithFixedAndVariableIndexRanges() throws 
Exception {
-        class App {
-            @Parameters(index = "0") InetAddress host1;
-            @Parameters(index = "1") int port1;
-            @Parameters(index = "2") InetAddress host2;
-            @Parameters(index = "3..4", arity = "1..2") int[] port2range;
-            @Parameters(index = "4..*") String[] files;
-        }
-        App app1 = CommandLine.populateCommand(new App(), "localhost", "1111", 
"localhost", "2222", "3333", "file1", "file2");
-        assertEquals(InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), app1.host1);
-        assertEquals(1111, app1.port1);
-        assertEquals(InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), app1.host2);
-        assertArrayEquals(new int[]{2222, 3333}, app1.port2range);
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"file1", "file2"}, app1.files);
-    }
-
-    @Ignore("Requires #70 support for variable arity in positional parameters")
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalParamWithFixedIndexRangeAndVariableArity() 
throws Exception {
-        class App {
-            @Parameters(index = "0") InetAddress host1;
-            @Parameters(index = "1") int port1;
-            @Parameters(index = "2") InetAddress host2;
-            @Parameters(index = "3..4", arity = "1..2") int[] port2range;
-            @Parameters(index = "4..*") String[] files;
-        }
-        // now with only one arg in port2range
-        App app2 = CommandLine.populateCommand(new App(), "localhost", "1111", 
"localhost", "2222", "file1", "file2");
-        assertEquals(InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), app2.host1);
-        assertEquals(1111, app2.port1);
-        assertEquals(InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), app2.host2);
-        assertArrayEquals(new int[]{2222}, app2.port2range);
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"file1", "file2"}, app2.files);
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = ParameterIndexGapException.class)
-    public void testPositionalParamWithIndexGap_SkipZero() throws Exception {
-        class SkipZero { @Parameters(index = "1") String str; }
-        CommandLine.populateCommand(new SkipZero(),"val1", "val2");
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = ParameterIndexGapException.class)
-    public void testPositionalParamWithIndexGap_RangeSkipZero() throws 
Exception {
-        class SkipZero { @Parameters(index = "1..*") String str; }
-        CommandLine.populateCommand(new SkipZero(),"val1", "val2");
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = ParameterIndexGapException.class)
-    public void testPositionalParamWithIndexGap_FixedIndexGap() throws 
Exception {
-        class SkipOne {
-            @Parameters(index = "0") String str0;
-            @Parameters(index = "2") String str2;
-        }
-        CommandLine.populateCommand(new SkipOne(),"val1", "val2");
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = ParameterIndexGapException.class)
-    public void testPositionalParamWithIndexGap_RangeIndexGap() throws 
Exception {
-        class SkipTwo {
-            @Parameters(index = "0..1") String str0;
-            @Parameters(index = "3") String str2;
-        }
-        CommandLine.populateCommand(new SkipTwo(),"val0", "val1", "val2", 
"val3");
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalParamWithIndexGap_VariableRangeIndexNoGap() 
throws Exception {
-        class NoGap {
-            @Parameters(index = "0..*") String[] str0;
-            @Parameters(index = "3") String str2;
-        }
-        NoGap noGap = CommandLine.populateCommand(new NoGap(),"val0", "val1", 
"val2", "val3");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"val0", "val1", "val2", "val3"}, 
noGap.str0);
-        assertEquals("val3", noGap.str2);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalParamWithIndexGap_RangeIndexNoGap() throws 
Exception {
-        class NoGap {
-            @Parameters(index = "0..1") String[] str0;
-            @Parameters(index = "2") String str2;
-        }
-        NoGap noGap = CommandLine.populateCommand(new NoGap(),"val0", "val1", 
"val2");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"val0", "val1"}, noGap.str0);
-        assertEquals("val2", noGap.str2);
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = UnmatchedArgumentException.class)
-    public void testPositionalParamsDisallowUnknownArgumentSingleValue() 
throws Exception {
-        class SingleValue {
-            @Parameters(index = "0") String str;
-        }
-        SingleValue single = CommandLine.populateCommand(new 
SingleValue(),"val1", "val2");
-        assertEquals("val1", single.str);
-    }
-
-    @Test(expected = UnmatchedArgumentException.class)
-    public void testPositionalParamsDisallowUnknownArgumentMultiValue() throws 
Exception {
-        class SingleValue {
-            @Parameters(index = "0..2") String[] str;
-        }
-        CommandLine.populateCommand(new SingleValue(),"val0", "val1", "val2", 
"val3");
-    }
-    @Test
-    public void 
testPositionalParamsUnknownArgumentSingleValueWithUnmatchedArgsAllowed() throws 
Exception {
-        class SingleValue {
-            @Parameters(index = "0") String str;
-        }
-        setTraceLevel("OFF");
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(new 
SingleValue()).setUnmatchedArgumentsAllowed(true);
-        cmd.parse("val1", "val2");
-        assertEquals("val1", ((SingleValue)cmd.getCommand()).str);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("val2"), cmd.getUnmatchedArguments());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void 
testPositionalParamsUnknownArgumentMultiValueWithUnmatchedArgsAllowed() throws 
Exception {
-        class SingleValue {
-            @Parameters(index = "0..2") String[] str;
-        }
-        setTraceLevel("OFF");
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(new 
SingleValue()).setUnmatchedArgumentsAllowed(true);
-        cmd.parse("val0", "val1", "val2", "val3");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"val0", "val1", "val2"}, 
((SingleValue)cmd.getCommand()).str);
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("val3"), cmd.getUnmatchedArguments());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPositionalParamSingleValueButWithoutIndex() throws 
Exception {
-        class SingleValue {
-            @Parameters String str;
-        }
-        try {
-            CommandLine.populateCommand(new SingleValue(),"val1", "val2");
-            fail("Expected OverwrittenOptionException");
-        } catch (OverwrittenOptionException ex) {
-            assertEquals("positional parameter at index 0..* (<str>) should be 
specified only once", ex.getMessage());
-        }
-        setTraceLevel("OFF");
-        CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(new 
SingleValue()).setOverwrittenOptionsAllowed(true);
-        cmd.parse("val1", "val2");
-        assertEquals("val2", ((SingleValue) cmd.getCommand()).str);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSplitInOptionArray() {
-        class Args {
-            @Option(names = "-a", split = ",") String[] values;
-        }
-        Args args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c"}, args.values);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c", "-a=B", 
"-a", "C");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "B", "C"}, args.values);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a", "a,b,c", "-a", 
"B", "-a", "C");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "B", "C"}, args.values);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c", "-a", "B", 
"-a", "C", "-a", "D,E,F");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "B", "C", "D", "E", 
"F"}, args.values);
-
-        try {
-            args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c", "B", 
"C");
-            fail("Expected UnmatchedArgEx");
-        } catch (UnmatchedArgumentException ok) {
-            assertEquals("Unmatched arguments [B, C]", ok.getMessage());
-        }
-        try {
-            args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c", "B", 
"-a=C");
-            fail("Expected UnmatchedArgEx");
-        } catch (UnmatchedArgumentException ok) {
-            assertEquals("Unmatched argument [B]", ok.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSplitInOptionArrayWithSpaces() {
-        class Args {
-            @Option(names = "-a", split = " ") String[] values;
-        }
-        Args args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=\"a b c\"");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c"}, args.values);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a b c", "-a", "B", 
"-a", "C");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "B", "C"}, args.values);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a", "\"a b c\"", 
"-a=B", "-a=C");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "B", "C"}, args.values);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=\"a b c\"", "-a=B", 
"-a", "C", "-a=D E F");
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "B", "C", "D", "E", 
"F"}, args.values);
-
-        try {
-            args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a b c", "B", 
"C");
-            fail("Expected UnmatchedArgEx");
-        } catch (UnmatchedArgumentException ok) {
-            assertEquals("Unmatched arguments [B, C]", ok.getMessage());
-        }
-        try {
-            args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a b c", "B", 
"-a=C");
-            fail("Expected UnmatchedArgEx");
-        } catch (UnmatchedArgumentException ok) {
-            assertEquals("Unmatched argument [B]", ok.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSplitInOptionArrayWithArity() {
-        class Args {
-            @Option(names = "-a", split = ",", arity = "0..4") String[] values;
-            @Parameters() String[] params;
-        }
-        Args args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c"); // 1 
args
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c"}, args.values);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a"); // 0 args
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[0], args.values);
-        assertNull(args.params);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c", "B", "C"); 
// 3 args
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "B", "C"}, args.values);
-        assertNull(args.params);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a", "a,b,c", "B", 
"C"); // 3 args
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "B", "C"}, args.values);
-        assertNull(args.params);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c", "B", "C", 
"D,E,F"); // 4 args
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "B", "C", "D", "E", 
"F"}, args.values);
-        assertNull(args.params);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c,d", "B", "C", 
"D", "E,F"); // 5 args
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c", "d", "B", "C", "D"}, 
args.values);
-        assertArrayEquals(new String[] {"E,F"}, args.params);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSplitInOptionCollection() {
-        class Args {
-            @Option(names = "-a", split = ",") List<String> values;
-        }
-        Args args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c");
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c"), args.values);
-
-        args = CommandLine.populateCommand(new Args(), "-a=a,b,c", "-a", "B", 
"-a=C");
-        assertE

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