realtaobo commented on code in PR #3248:
URL: 
https://github.com/apache/incubator-opendal/pull/3248#discussion_r1357792406


##########
core/src/services/d1/backend.rs:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::fmt::Formatter;
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use http::header;
+use http::Request;
+use http::StatusCode;
+use serde_json::{de, Value};
+
+use crate::raw::adapters::kv;
+use crate::raw::*;
+use crate::*;
+
+use super::error::parse_error;
+use super::model::D1Response;
+
+#[doc = include_str!("docs.md")]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct D1Builder {
+    token: Option<String>,
+    account_identifier: Option<String>,
+    database_identifier: Option<String>,
+
+    endpoint: Option<String>,
+    http_client: Option<HttpClient>,
+    root: Option<String>,
+
+    table: Option<String>,
+    key_field: Option<String>,
+    value_field: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for D1Builder {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("D1Builder");
+        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+        ds.field("root", &self.root);
+        ds.field("table", &self.table);
+        ds.field("key_field", &self.key_field);
+        ds.field("value_field", &self.value_field);
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl D1Builder {
+    /// Set api token for the cloudflare d1 service.
+    ///
+    /// create a api token from 
[here](https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile/api-tokens)
+    pub fn token(&mut self, token: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        if !token.is_empty() {
+            self.token = Some(token.to_string());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the account identifier for the cloudflare d1 service.
+    ///
+    /// get the account identifier from Workers & Pages -> Overview -> Account 
ID
+    /// default: "account-identifier"
+    pub fn account_identifier(&mut self, account_identifier: &str) -> &mut 
Self {
+        if !account_identifier.is_empty() {
+            self.account_identifier = Some(account_identifier.to_string());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the database identifier for the cloudflare d1 service.
+    ///
+    /// get the database identifier from Workers & Pages -> D1 -> [Your 
Database] -> Database ID
+    /// default: "database-identifier"
+    pub fn database_identifier(&mut self, database_identifier: &str) -> &mut 
Self {
+        if !database_identifier.is_empty() {
+            self.database_identifier = Some(database_identifier.to_string());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set endpoint for http backend.
+    ///
+    /// For more information, please refer to [D1 Database 
API](https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/operations/cloudflare-d1-query-database)
+    /// default: "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4";
+    pub fn endpoint(&mut self, v: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        if !v.is_empty() {
+            self.endpoint = Some(v.to_string());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// set the working directory, all operations will be performed under it.
+    ///
+    /// default: "/"
+    pub fn root(&mut self, root: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        if !root.is_empty() {
+            self.root = Some(root.to_owned());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the table name of the d1 service to read/write.
+    ///
+    /// Default to `kv` if not specified.
+    pub fn table(&mut self, table: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        if !table.is_empty() {
+            self.table = Some(table.to_owned());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the key field name of the d1 service to read/write.
+    ///
+    /// Default to `key` if not specified.
+    pub fn key_field(&mut self, key_field: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        if !key_field.is_empty() {
+            self.key_field = Some(key_field.to_string());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the value field name of the d1 service to read/write.
+    ///
+    /// Default to `value` if not specified.
+    pub fn value_field(&mut self, value_field: &str) -> &mut Self {
+        if !value_field.is_empty() {
+            self.value_field = Some(value_field.to_string());
+        }
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl Builder for D1Builder {
+    const SCHEME: Scheme = Scheme::D1;
+    type Accessor = D1Backend;
+
+    fn from_map(map: HashMap<String, String>) -> Self {
+        let mut builder = D1Builder::default();
+        map.get("token").map(|v| builder.token(v));
+        map.get("account_identifier")
+            .map(|v| builder.account_identifier(v));
+        map.get("database_identifier")
+            .map(|v| builder.database_identifier(v));
+
+        map.get("endpoint").map(|v| builder.endpoint(v));
+        map.get("root").map(|v| builder.root(v));
+
+        map.get("table").map(|v| builder.table(v));
+        map.get("key_field").map(|v| builder.key_field(v));
+        map.get("value_field").map(|v| builder.value_field(v));
+        builder
+    }
+
+    fn build(&mut self) -> Result<Self::Accessor> {
+        let mut authorization = None;
+        if let Some(token) = &self.token {
+            authorization = Some(format_authorization_by_bearer(token)?)
+        }
+
+        let account_identifier = self
+            .account_identifier
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "account-identifier".to_string());
+
+        let database_identifier = self
+            .database_identifier
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "database-identifier".to_string());
+
+        let endpoint = self
+            .endpoint
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| 
"https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4".to_string());
+
+        let client = if let Some(client) = self.http_client.take() {
+            client
+        } else {
+            HttpClient::new().map_err(|err| {
+                err.with_operation("Builder::build")
+                    .with_context("service", Scheme::D1)
+            })?
+        };
+
+        let table = self.table.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| "kv".to_string());
+
+        let key_field = self.key_field.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| 
"key".to_string());
+
+        let value_field = self
+            .value_field
+            .clone()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "value".to_string());
+
+        let root = normalize_root(
+            self.root
+                .clone()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| "/".to_string())
+                .as_str(),
+        );
+        Ok(D1Backend::new(Adapter {
+            authorization,
+            account_identifier,
+            database_identifier,
+            endpoint,
+            client,
+            table,
+            key_field,
+            value_field,
+        })
+        .with_root(&root))
+    }
+}
+
+pub type D1Backend = kv::Backend<Adapter>;
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Adapter {
+    authorization: Option<String>,
+    account_identifier: String,
+    database_identifier: String,
+
+    endpoint: String,
+    client: HttpClient,
+
+    table: String,
+    key_field: String,
+    value_field: String,
+}
+
+impl Debug for Adapter {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let mut ds = f.debug_struct("D1Adapter");
+        ds.field("endpoint", &self.endpoint);
+        ds.field("table", &self.table);
+        ds.field("key_field", &self.key_field);
+        ds.field("value_field", &self.value_field);
+        ds.finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Adapter {
+    fn create_d1_query_request(&self, sql: &str, params: Vec<Value>) -> 
Result<Request<AsyncBody>> {
+        let p = format!(
+            "/accounts/{}/d1/database/{}/query",
+            self.account_identifier, self.database_identifier
+        );
+        let url: String = format!("{}{}", self.endpoint, 
percent_encode_path(&p));
+
+        let mut req = Request::post(&url);
+        if let Some(auth) = &self.authorization {
+            req = req.header(header::AUTHORIZATION, auth);
+        }
+        req = req.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json");
+
+        let json = serde_json::json!({
+            "sql": sql,
+            "params": params,
+        });
+
+        let body_string = 
serde_json::to_string(&json).map_err(new_json_serialize_error)?;
+        let body_bytes = body_string.as_bytes().to_owned();
+        req.body(AsyncBody::Bytes(body_bytes.into()))
+            .map_err(new_request_build_error)
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl kv::Adapter for Adapter {
+    fn metadata(&self) -> kv::Metadata {
+        kv::Metadata::new(
+            Scheme::D1,
+            &self.table,
+            Capability {
+                read: true,
+                write: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        )
+    }
+
+    async fn get(&self, path: &str) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        let query = format!(
+            "SELECT {} FROM {} WHERE {} = ? LIMIT 1",
+            self.value_field, self.table, self.key_field
+        );
+        let req = self.create_d1_query_request(&query, vec![path.into()])?;
+
+        let resp = self.client.send(req).await?;
+        let status = resp.status();
+        match status {
+            StatusCode::OK | StatusCode::PARTIAL_CONTENT => {
+                let body = resp.into_body().bytes().await?;

Review Comment:
   > Implement a `D1QueryResponse` and dervice `Deserialize` for with instead 
of playing with `serde_json::Map` and `serde_json::Value`.
   I'll mark this as resolved, can you help review the latest code?
   



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