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websites/production/openjpa/content/builds/2.4.2/apache-openjpa/docs/jpa_overview_persistence.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+<html><head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+ <title>Chapter 6. Persistence</title><base href="display"><link
rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/docbook.css"><meta name="generator"
content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><link rel="home" href="manual.html"
title="Apache OpenJPA 2.4 User's Guide"><link rel="up" href="jpa_overview.html"
title="Part 2. Java Persistence API"><link rel="prev"
href="jpa_overview_meta_complete.html" title="4. Conclusion"><link
rel="next" href="jpa_overview_persistence_use.html" title="2. Non-EE
Use"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation
header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 6.
+ Persistence
+ </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p"
href="jpa_overview_meta_complete.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%"
align="center">Part 2. Java Persistence API</th><td width="20%"
align="right"> <a accesskey="n"
href="jpa_overview_persistence_use.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div
class="chapter" id="jpa_overview_persistence"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 6.
+ Persistence
+ </h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl
class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a
href="jpa_overview_persistence.html#jpa_overview_persistence_xml">1.
+ persistence.xml
+ </a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="jpa_overview_persistence_use.html">2.
+ Non-EE Use
+ </a></span></dt></dl></div>
+
+ <a class="indexterm" name="d5e1988"></a>
+ <a class="indexterm" name="d5e1990"></a>
+ <a class="indexterm" name="d5e1993"></a>
+ <a class="indexterm" name="d5e1996"></a>
+ <div class="mediaobject"><table border="0" summary="manufactured viewport
for HTML img" style="cellpadding: 0; cellspacing: 0;" width="285"><tr><td><img
src="img/persistence.png"></td></tr></table></div>
+ <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3
class="title">Note</h3>
+ <p>
+OpenJPA also includes the
+<a class="ulink"
href="../javadoc/org/apache/openjpa/persistence/OpenJPAPersistence.html"
target="_top">
+<code class="classname">OpenJPAPersistence</code></a> helper class to provide
+additional utility methods.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+Within a container, you will typically use <span
class="emphasis"><em>injection</em></span> to
+access an <code class="classname">EntityManagerFactory</code>. Applications
operating
+outside of a container, however, can use the
+<a class="ulink"
href="http://download.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/persistence/Persistence.html";
target="_top">
+<code class="classname">Persistence</code></a> class to obtain <code
class="classname">
+EntityManagerFactory</code> objects in a vendor-neutral fashion.
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+public static EntityManagerFactory createEntityManagerFactory(String name);
+public static EntityManagerFactory createEntityManagerFactory(String name, Map
props);
+public static PersistenceUtil getPersistenceUtil();
+</pre>
+ <p>
+Each <code class="methodname">createEntityManagerFactory</code> method
searches the
+system for an <code class="classname">EntityManagerFactory</code> definition
with the
+given name. Use <code class="literal">null</code> for an unnamed factory. The
optional map
+contains vendor-specific property settings used to further configure the
+factory.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+<code class="filename">persistence.xml</code> files define <code
class="classname">
+EntityManagerFactories</code>. The <code
class="methodname">createEntityManagerFactory
+</code> methods search for <code class="filename">persistence.xml</code> files
+within the <code class="filename">META-INF</code> directory of any <code
class="literal">CLASSPATH
+</code> element. For example, if your <code class="literal">CLASSPATH</code>
contains
+the <code class="filename">conf</code> directory, you could place an <code
class="classname">
+EntityManagerFactory</code> definition in <code class="filename">
+conf/META-INF/persistence.xml</code>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+The <code class="methodname">getPersistenceUtil</code> method returns a
PersistenceUtil
+interface that can be used to determine whether an entity or attribute of an
+entity is loaded.
+</p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+PersistenceUtil pUtil = Persistence.getPersistenceUtil();
+
+if (!pUtil.isLoaded(myEntity)) {
+ loadEntity(myEntity);
+}
+</pre>
+ <div class="section" id="jpa_overview_persistence_xml"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">1.
+ persistence.xml
+ </h2></div></div></div>
+
+ <p>
+With the introduction of JPA 2.0, there are two versions of the
+<code class="filename">persistence.xml</code>. The most current revision of
the
+2.0 persistence schema is presented below. Version 1.0 of the persistence
+schema can be found at
+<a class="ulink"
href="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd";
target="_top">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd</a>.
+ </p>
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+ <!-- persistence.xml schema -->
+<xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence";
+ xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema";
+ xmlns:persistence="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence";
+ elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified"
+ version="2.0">
+
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ @(#)persistence_2_0.xsd 1.0 October 1 2009
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+
+ DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
+
+ Copyright 2005-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
+
+ The contents of this file are subject to the terms of either the
+ GNU General Public License Version 2 only ("GPL") or the Common
+ Development and Distribution License("CDDL") (collectively, the
+ "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with
+ the License. You can obtain a copy of the License at
+ https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/CDDL+GPL.html or
+ glassfish/bootstrap/legal/LICENSE.txt. See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations under the
+ License.
+
+ When distributing the software, include this License Header
+ Notice in each file and include the License file at
+ glassfish/bootstrap/legal/LICENSE.txt. Sun designates this
+ particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as
+ provided by Sun in the GPL Version 2 section of the License file
+ that accompanied this code. If applicable, add the following
+ below the License Header, with the fields enclosed by brackets []
+ replaced by your own identifying information:
+ "Portions Copyrighted [year] [name of copyright owner]"
+
+ Contributor(s):
+
+ If you wish your version of this file to be governed by only the
+ CDDL or only the GPL Version 2, indicate your decision by adding
+ "[Contributor] elects to include this software in this
+ distribution under the [CDDL or GPL Version 2] license." If you
+ don't indicate a single choice of license, a recipient has the
+ option to distribute your version of this file under either the
+ CDDL, the GPL Version 2 or to extend the choice of license to its
+ licensees as provided above. However, if you add GPL Version 2
+ code and therefore, elected the GPL Version 2 license, then the
+ option applies only if the new code is made subject to such
+ option by the copyright holder.
+
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ <![CDATA[
+ This is the XML Schema for the persistence configuration file.
+ The file must be named "META-INF/persistence.xml" in the
+ persistence archive.
+ Persistence configuration files must indicate
+ the persistence schema by using the persistence namespace:
+ http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
+ and indicate the version of the schema by
+ using the version element as shown below:
+ <persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence";
+ xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance";
+ xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
+ http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd";
+ version="2.0">
+ ...
+ </persistence>
+ ]]>
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+
+ <xsd:simpleType name="versionType">
+ <xsd:restriction base="xsd:token">
+ <xsd:pattern value="[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)*" />
+ </xsd:restriction>
+ </xsd:simpleType>
+ <!-- **************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="persistence">
+ <xsd:complexType>
+ <xsd:sequence>
+ <!-- ****************************************************
-->
+ <xsd:element name="persistence-unit"
+ minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xsd:complexType>
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ Configuration of a persistence unit.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:sequence>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="description"
+ type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ Description of this persistence unit.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="provider"
+ type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ Provider class that supplies
EntityManagers for this
+ persistence unit.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="jta-data-source"
+ type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ The container-specific name of the JTA
datasource to use.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="non-jta-data-source"
+ type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ The container-specific name of a
non-JTA datasource to use.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="mapping-file"
+ type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"
+ maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ File containing mapping information.
Loaded as a resource
+ by the persistence provider.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="jar-file"
+ type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"
+ maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ Jar file that is to be scanned for
managed classes.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="class" type="xsd:string"
+ minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ Managed class to be included in the
persistence unit and
+ to scan for annotations. It should be
annotated
+ with either @Entity, @Embeddable or
@MappedSuperclass.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="exclude-unlisted-classes"
+ type="xsd:boolean" default="true"
+ minOccurs="0">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ When set to true then only listed
classes and jars will
+ be scanned for persistent classes,
otherwise the
+ enclosing jar or directory will also
be scanned.
+ Not applicable to Java SE persistence
units.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="shared-cache-mode"
+
type="persistence:persistence-unit-caching-type"
+ minOccurs="0">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ Defines whether caching is enabled for
the
+ persistence unit if caching is
supported by the
+ persistence provider. When set to ALL,
all entities
+ will be cached. When set to NONE, no
entities will
+ be cached. When set to
ENABLE_SELECTIVE, only entities
+ specified as cacheable will be cached.
When set to
+ DISABLE_SELECTIVE, entities specified
as not cacheable
+ will not be cached. When not specified
or when set to
+ UNSPECIFIED, provider defaults may
apply.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="validation-mode"
+
type="persistence:persistence-unit-validation-mode-type"
+ minOccurs="0">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ The validation mode to be used for the
persistence unit.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:element name="properties"
+ minOccurs="0">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ A list of standard and vendor-specific
properties
+ and hints.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:complexType>
+ <xsd:sequence>
+ <xsd:element name="property"
+ minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ A name-value pair.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:complexType>
+ <xsd:attribute
+ name="name"
type="xsd:string"
+ use="required" />
+ <xsd:attribute
+ name="value"
type="xsd:string"
+ use="required" />
+ </xsd:complexType>
+ </xsd:element>
+ </xsd:sequence>
+ </xsd:complexType>
+ </xsd:element>
+ </xsd:sequence>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string"
+ use="required">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ Name used in code to reference this
persistence unit.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:attribute>
+ <!--
**************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:attribute name="transaction-type"
+
type="persistence:persistence-unit-transaction-type">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ Type of transactions used by
EntityManagers from this
+ persistence unit.
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ </xsd:attribute>
+ </xsd:complexType>
+ </xsd:element>
+ </xsd:sequence>
+ <xsd:attribute name="version" type="persistence:versionType"
+ fixed="2.0" use="required" />
+ </xsd:complexType>
+ </xsd:element>
+ <!-- **************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:simpleType name="persistence-unit-transaction-type">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ public enum PersistenceUnitTransactionType {JTA,
RESOURCE_LOCAL};
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:restriction base="xsd:token">
+ <xsd:enumeration value="JTA" />
+ <xsd:enumeration value="RESOURCE_LOCAL" />
+ </xsd:restriction>
+ </xsd:simpleType>
+ <!-- **************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:simpleType name="persistence-unit-caching-type">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ public enum SharedCacheMode { ALL, NONE, ENABLE_SELECTIVE,
+ DISABLE_SELECTIVE, UNSPECIFIED};
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:restriction base="xsd:token">
+ <xsd:enumeration value="ALL" />
+ <xsd:enumeration value="NONE" />
+ <xsd:enumeration value="ENABLE_SELECTIVE" />
+ <xsd:enumeration value="DISABLE_SELECTIVE" />
+ <xsd:enumeration value="UNSPECIFIED" />
+ </xsd:restriction>
+ </xsd:simpleType>
+ <!-- **************************************************** -->
+ <xsd:simpleType name="persistence-unit-validation-mode-type">
+ <xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:documentation>
+ public enum ValidationMode { AUTO, CALLBACK, NONE};
+ </xsd:documentation>
+ </xsd:annotation>
+ <xsd:restriction base="xsd:token">
+ <xsd:enumeration value="AUTO" />
+ <xsd:enumeration value="CALLBACK" />
+ <xsd:enumeration value="NONE" />
+ </xsd:restriction>
+ </xsd:simpleType>
+</xsd:schema>
+</pre>
+ <p>
+The root element of a <code class="filename">persistence.xml</code> file is
<code class="literal">
+persistence</code>, which then contains one or more <code class="literal">
+persistence-unit</code> definitions. The root element should include the
+version attribute with the appropriate version, <code
class="literal">1.0</code> for a
+version 1.0 file and <code class="literal">2.0</code> for a version 2.0 file.
Each
+persistence unit describes the configuration for the entity managers created by
+the persistence unit's entity manager factory. The persistence unit can
specify
+these elements and attributes.
+ </p>
+ <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"
style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+ <p>
+<code class="literal">name</code>: This is the name you pass to the <code
class="methodname">
+Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory</code> methods described above. The
+name attribute is required.
+ </p>
+ </li><li class="listitem">
+ <p>
+<code class="literal">transaction-type</code>: Whether to use managed
+(<code class="literal">JTA</code>) or local (<code
class="literal">RESOURCE_LOCAL</code>)
+transaction management.
+ </p>
+ </li><li class="listitem">
+ <p>
+<code class="literal">provider</code>: If you are using a third-party JPA
vendor, this
+element names its implementation of the
+<a class="ulink"
href="http://download.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/persistence/spi/PersistenceProvider.html";
target="_top">
+<code class="classname">PersistenceProvider</code></a> bootstrapping interface.
+ </p>
+ <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right:
0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3>
+ <p>
+Set the <code class="literal">provider</code> to <code class="classname">
+org.apache.openjpa.persistence.PersistenceProviderImpl</code> to use
+OpenJPA.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </li><li class="listitem">
+ <p>
+<code class="literal">jta-data-source</code>: The JNDI name of a JDBC <code
class="classname">
+DataSource</code> that is automatically enlisted in JTA transactions. This
+may be an XA <code class="classname">DataSource</code>.
+ </p>
+ </li><li class="listitem">
+ <p>
+<code class="literal">non-jta-data-source</code>: The JNDI name of a JDBC
<code class="classname">
+DataSource</code> that is not enlisted in JTA transactions.
+ </p>
+ </li><li class="listitem">
+ <p>
+<code class="literal">mapping-file</code>*: The resource names of XML mapping
files for
+entities and embeddable classes. You can also specify mapping information in an
+<code class="filename">orm.xml</code> file in your <code
class="filename">META-INF</code>
+directory. If present, the <code class="filename">orm.xml</code> mapping file
will be
+read automatically.
+ </p>
+ </li><li class="listitem">
+ <p>
+<code class="literal">jar-file</code>*: The names of jar files containing
entities and
+embeddable classes. The implementation will scan the jar for annotated classes.
+ </p>
+ </li><li class="listitem">
+ <p>
+<code class="literal">class</code>*: The class names of entities and
embeddable classes.
+ </p>
+ </li><li class="listitem">
+ <p>
+<code class="literal">properties</code>: This element contains nested <code
class="literal">property
+</code> elements used to specify vendor-specific settings. Each <code
class="literal">
+property</code> has a name attribute and a value attribute.
+ </p>
+ <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right:
0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3>
+ <p>
+The Reference Guide's <a class="xref" href="ref_guide_conf.html"
title="Chapter 2. Configuration">Chapter 2, <i>
+ Configuration
+ </i></a> describes OpenJPA's
+configuration properties.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </li></ul></div>
+ <p>
+Here is a typical <code class="filename">persistence.xml</code> file for a
non-EE
+environment:
+ </p>
+ <div class="example" id="jpa_overview_persistence_xmlex"><p
class="title"><b>Example 6.1.
+ persistence.xml
+ </b></p><div class="example-contents">
+
+<pre class="programlisting">
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<persistence version="1.0">
+ <persistence-unit name="openjpa">
+
<provider>org.apache.openjpa.persistence.PersistenceProviderImpl</provider>
+ <class>tutorial.Animal</class>
+ <class>tutorial.Dog</class>
+ <class>tutorial.Rabbit</class>
+ <class>tutorial.Snake</class>
+ <properties>
+ <property name="openjpa.ConnectionURL"
value="jdbc:hsqldb:tutorial_database"/>
+ <property name="openjpa.ConnectionDriverName"
value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
+ <property name="openjpa.ConnectionUserName" value="sa"/>
+ <property name="openjpa.ConnectionPassword" value=""/>
+ <property name="openjpa.Log" value="DefaultLevel=WARN, Tool=INFO"/>
+ </properties>
+ </persistence-unit>
+</persistence>
+</pre>
+ </div></div><br class="example-break">
+ </div>
+
+</div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation
footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p"
href="jpa_overview_meta_complete.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%"
align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="jpa_overview.html">Up</a></td><td
width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n"
href="jpa_overview_persistence_use.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%"
align="left" valign="top">4.
+ Conclusion
+ </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h"
href="manual.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"
valign="top"> 2.
+ Non-EE Use
+ </td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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(added)
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Fri Jan 6 19:19:20 2017
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<html><head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
+ <title>2. Non-EE Use</title><base href="display"><link
rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/docbook.css"><meta name="generator"
content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"><link rel="home" href="manual.html"
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vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%"
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+ Non-EE Use
+ </th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p"
href="jpa_overview_persistence.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%"
align="center">Chapter 6.
+ Persistence
+ </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n"
href="jpa_overview_emfactory.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div
class="section" id="jpa_overview_persistence_use"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">2.
+ Non-EE Use
+ </h2></div></div></div>
+
+ <p>
+The example below demonstrates the <code class="classname">Persistence</code>
class in
+action. You will typically execute code like this on application startup, then
+cache the resulting factory for future use. This bootstrapping code is only
+necessary in non-EE environments; in an EE environment <code class="classname">
+EntityManagerFactories</code> are typically injected.
+ </p>
+ <div class="example" id="jpa_overview_persistence_getemfactory"><p
class="title"><b>Example 6.2.
+ Obtaining an EntityManagerFactory
+ </b></p><div class="example-contents">
+
+<pre class="programlisting">
+// if your persistence.xml file does not contain all settings already, you
+// can add vendor settings to a map
+Properties props = new Properties();
+...
+
+// create the factory defined by the "openjpa" entity-manager entry
+EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("openjpa",
props);
+</pre>
+ </div></div><br class="example-break">
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