xiangfu0 commented on code in PR #19595:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/19595#discussion_r4052549677


##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/startree/v2/builder/BaseSingleTreeBuilder.java:
##########
@@ -148,7 +148,16 @@ static class Record {
       // Ignore the column for COUNT aggregation function
       if (_valueAggregators[index].getAggregationType() != 
AggregationFunctionType.COUNT) {
         String column = functionColumnPair.getColumn();
-        _metricReaders[index] = new PinotSegmentColumnReader(segment, column);
+        PinotSegmentColumnReader metricReader = new 
PinotSegmentColumnReader(segment, column);
+        // The distinct arrayAgg star-tree aggregator only supports 
single-value, dictionary-encoded source columns.
+        // See ArrayAggDistinctValueAggregator.
+        if (_valueAggregators[index].getAggregationType() == 
AggregationFunctionType.ARRAYAGG) {
+          Preconditions.checkState(metricReader.isSingleValue(),
+              "Star-tree arrayAgg does not support multi-value column: %s", 
column);
+          Preconditions.checkState(metricReader.hasDictionary(),

Review Comment:
   Done in 30c716f — dictionary requirement removed, single-value restriction 
retained. The LONG metric in `ArrayAggStarTreeQueriesTest` is now raw-encoded 
(`noDictionaryColumns`), so the LONG group-by/non-group-by parity tests and the 
star-tree-usage assertion double as raw-metric build/query coverage.



##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/query/aggregation/function/AggregationFunctionUtils.java:
##########
@@ -176,11 +177,15 @@ public static Map<ExpressionContext, BlockValSet> 
getBlockValSetMap(AggregationF
   ///
   /// NOTE: We construct the map with original column name as the key but 
fetch BlockValSet with the aggregation
   ///          function pair so that the aggregation result column name is 
consistent with or without star-tree.
+  ///
+  /// The BlockValSet is wrapped in [StarTreePreAggregatedBlockValSet] so 
aggregation functions can recognize a
+  /// pre-aggregated column by provenance rather than by sniffing the block's 
value type, which is ambiguous when the
+  /// raw input type is also BYTES (e.g. distinct arrayAgg over a BYTES 
column).
   public static Map<ExpressionContext, BlockValSet> getBlockValSetMap(
       AggregationFunctionColumnPair aggregationFunctionColumnPair, ValueBlock 
valueBlock) {
     ExpressionContext expression = 
ExpressionContext.forIdentifier(aggregationFunctionColumnPair.getColumn());
     BlockValSet blockValSet = 
valueBlock.getBlockValueSet(aggregationFunctionColumnPair.toColumnName());
-    return Map.of(expression, blockValSet);
+    return Map.of(expression, new 
StarTreePreAggregatedBlockValSet(blockValSet));

Review Comment:
   Done in 30c716f — the wrapper is now applied only when the function type is 
ARRAYAGG; other aggregations receive the unwrapped BlockValSet.



##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/query/aggregation/function/array/BaseArrayAggFunction.java:
##########
@@ -26,24 +28,56 @@
 import 
org.apache.pinot.core.query.aggregation.function.BaseSingleInputAggregationFunction;
 import org.apache.pinot.core.query.aggregation.groupby.GroupByResultHolder;
 import 
org.apache.pinot.core.query.aggregation.groupby.ObjectGroupByResultHolder;
+import 
org.apache.pinot.segment.local.aggregator.ArrayAggDistinctValueAggregator.ElementType;
 import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.AggregationFunctionType;
 import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.FieldSpec.DataType;
 
 
 public abstract class BaseArrayAggFunction<I, F extends Comparable> extends 
BaseSingleInputAggregationFunction<I, F> {
 
   private final DataSchema.ColumnDataType _resultColumnType;
+  private final DataType _elementDataType;

Review Comment:
   Done in 30c716f — `_elementDataType` and the getter are removed; the 
selection guard derives the element stored type via 
`getFinalResultColumnType().toDataType().getStoredType()` (verified the 
array→element mapping round-trips BOOLEAN/TIMESTAMP/UUID stored types 
equivalently).



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/aggregator/ArrayAggDistinctValueAggregator.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.aggregator;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectOpenHashSet;
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.objects.ObjectSet;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.AggregationFunctionType;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.FieldSpec.DataType;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.utils.BigDecimalUtils;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.utils.ByteArray;
+
+
+/// Value aggregator for distinct `ARRAYAGG` (i.e. `arrayAgg(column, 'type', 
true)`) used by the star-tree index.
+///
+/// The aggregated value is the set of distinct (non-null) raw values seen 
under a star-tree node. Distinct semantics
+/// make the aggregation associative and idempotent (merge = set-union), which 
is what the star-tree requires; the
+/// non-distinct variant would need an unbounded per-node multiset and is 
intentionally not supported here.
+///
+/// The set is stored as a variable-length `BYTES` cell in the star-tree 
forward index. The serialized layout is
+/// intentionally byte-for-byte identical to `ObjectSerDeUtils.*_SET_SER_DE` 
(in pinot-core) so the query-time
+/// `arrayAgg` function can deserialize the stored cell directly. The wire 
layout cannot be shared as code because
+/// pinot-segment-local must not depend on pinot-core; any change here must be 
mirrored there.
+///
+/// NOTE: Only single-value source columns are supported (enforced at 
star-tree build config validation time), so the
+/// raw value handed in by the builder is always a single boxed scalar, never 
an array.
+public class ArrayAggDistinctValueAggregator implements 
ValueAggregator<Object, ObjectSet<Object>> {
+  public static final DataType AGGREGATED_VALUE_TYPE = DataType.BYTES;
+
+  // Runtime element kind, inferred lazily from the first raw value (mirrors 
DistinctCountThetaSketchValueAggregator's
+  // runtime dispatch). All values in a given aggregator instance come from 
the same column, so the kind is stable.
+  // Each value carries an explicit stable on-disk `tag` that is persisted as 
a leading byte in the serialized cell,
+  // making deserialization self-describing (independent of aggregator 
instance state, needed for build re-ingestion).
+  // The query-time arrayAgg function reads and validates the same tag before 
decoding the payload.
+  //
+  // IMPORTANT: tags are an on-disk format. Never change or reuse an existing 
value's tag; only append new values with
+  // new tags. Reordering the enum is safe because the tag, not the ordinal, 
is persisted.
+  public enum ElementType {
+    INT(0), LONG(1), FLOAT(2), DOUBLE(3), BIG_DECIMAL(4), STRING(5), BYTES(6);
+
+    private final byte _tag;
+
+    ElementType(int tag) {
+      _tag = (byte) tag;
+    }
+
+    public byte getTag() {
+      return _tag;
+    }
+
+    private static final ElementType[] BY_TAG;
+
+    static {
+      ElementType[] values = values();
+      int maxTag = 0;
+      for (ElementType value : values) {
+        maxTag = Math.max(maxTag, value._tag);
+      }
+      BY_TAG = new ElementType[maxTag + 1];
+      for (ElementType value : values) {
+        BY_TAG[value._tag] = value;
+      }
+    }
+
+    public static ElementType fromTag(byte tag) {
+      if (tag < 0 || tag >= BY_TAG.length || BY_TAG[tag] == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid arrayAgg element type tag: " 
+ tag);
+      }
+      return BY_TAG[tag];
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Distinct value set carrying a running total of its variable-width 
serialized payload bytes, so cell-size
+  /// tracking is O(1) per insertion instead of re-serializing the growing 
set. Instances are only created by this
+  /// aggregator; callers see a plain ObjectSet with content-based equality, 
so the extra state is invisible to them.
+  private static class TrackedSet extends ObjectOpenHashSet<Object> {
+    // Sum over elements of (4-byte length prefix + encoded length); only 
maintained for variable-width element types.
+    private long _variableWidthPayloadBytes;
+
+    TrackedSet() {
+    }
+
+    TrackedSet(int expectedSize) {
+      super(expectedSize);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  private ElementType _elementType;
+  private int _maxByteSize;
+
+  @Override
+  public AggregationFunctionType getAggregationType() {
+    return AggregationFunctionType.ARRAYAGG;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public DataType getAggregatedValueType() {
+    return AGGREGATED_VALUE_TYPE;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ObjectSet<Object> getInitialAggregatedValue(@Nullable Object 
rawValue) {
+    TrackedSet set = new TrackedSet();
+    if (rawValue != null) {
+      addRawValue(set, rawValue);
+    }
+    updateMaxByteSize(set);
+    return set;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ObjectSet<Object> applyRawValue(ObjectSet<Object> value, Object 
rawValue) {
+    TrackedSet set = asTrackedSet(value);
+    if (rawValue != null) {
+      addRawValue(set, rawValue);
+      updateMaxByteSize(set);
+    }
+    return set;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ObjectSet<Object> applyAggregatedValue(ObjectSet<Object> value, 
ObjectSet<Object> aggregatedValue) {
+    TrackedSet set = asTrackedSet(value);
+    for (Object element : aggregatedValue) {
+      addElement(set, element);
+    }
+    updateMaxByteSize(set);
+    return set;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ObjectSet<Object> cloneAggregatedValue(ObjectSet<Object> value) {
+    TrackedSet clone = new TrackedSet(value.size());
+    for (Object element : value) {
+      addElement(clone, element);
+    }
+    return clone;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isAggregatedValueFixedSize() {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getMaxAggregatedValueByteSize() {
+    return _maxByteSize;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public byte[] serializeAggregatedValue(ObjectSet<Object> value) {
+    // Layout: [1-byte element type tag][int size][payload]. The tag makes the 
cell self-describing so it can be
+    // deserialized (during build re-ingestion) without aggregator instance 
state. An all-empty aggregator that never
+    // saw a value defaults to LONG; the payload is empty either way so the 
tag choice is immaterial for empty cells.
+    ElementType elementType = _elementType != null ? _elementType : 
ElementType.LONG;
+    switch (elementType) {
+      case INT:
+      case LONG:
+      case FLOAT:
+      case DOUBLE:
+        return serializeFixedWidth(value, elementType);
+      case BIG_DECIMAL:
+      case STRING:
+      case BYTES:
+        return serializeVariableWidth(value, elementType);
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported element type: " + 
elementType);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ObjectSet<Object> deserializeAggregatedValue(byte[] bytes) {
+    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
+    ElementType elementType = ElementType.fromTag(byteBuffer.get());
+    if (_elementType == null) {
+      // A merge-only flow (e.g. re-merging stored cells) may deserialize 
before any raw value has been seen; the tag
+      // pins the element type so subsequent size tracking and serialization 
interpret elements correctly.
+      _elementType = elementType;
+    }
+    int size = byteBuffer.getInt();
+    TrackedSet set = new TrackedSet(size);
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      switch (elementType) {
+        case INT:
+          addElement(set, byteBuffer.getInt());
+          break;
+        case LONG:
+          addElement(set, byteBuffer.getLong());
+          break;
+        case FLOAT:
+          addElement(set, byteBuffer.getFloat());
+          break;
+        case DOUBLE:
+          addElement(set, byteBuffer.getDouble());
+          break;
+        case BIG_DECIMAL: {
+          byte[] valueBytes = readLengthPrefixed(byteBuffer);
+          addElement(set, BigDecimalUtils.deserialize(valueBytes));
+          break;
+        }
+        case STRING: {
+          byte[] valueBytes = readLengthPrefixed(byteBuffer);
+          addElement(set, new String(valueBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+          break;
+        }
+        case BYTES: {
+          byte[] valueBytes = readLengthPrefixed(byteBuffer);
+          addElement(set, new ByteArray(valueBytes));
+          break;
+        }
+        default:
+          throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported element type: " + 
elementType);
+      }
+    }
+    return set;
+  }
+
+  private void addRawValue(TrackedSet set, Object rawValue) {
+    // Normalize BYTES to ByteArray so hashCode/equals work as a set key; 
other types are already value types.
+    addElement(set, rawValue instanceof byte[] ? new ByteArray((byte[]) 
rawValue) : rawValue);
+  }
+
+  /// Adds an element to the set, maintaining the running variable-width 
payload total when the element is new.
+  private void addElement(TrackedSet set, Object element) {
+    if (_elementType == null) {
+      _elementType = inferElementType(element);
+    }
+    if (set.add(element) && fixedElementBytes(_elementType) == 0) {
+      set._variableWidthPayloadBytes += Integer.BYTES + 
variableWidthEncodedLength(element);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Returns a [TrackedSet] view of the aggregated value. Values produced by 
this aggregator already are one; the
+  /// fallback rebuild keeps the method total for defensively handling a 
foreign set.
+  private TrackedSet asTrackedSet(ObjectSet<Object> value) {

Review Comment:
   Done in 30c716f — the fallback is removed; 
`applyRawValue`/`applyAggregatedValue` cast directly to `TrackedSet`, relying 
on the invariant that aggregated values are always produced by this aggregator 
(initialization, cloning or deserialization). Incremental size tracking is 
unchanged.



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