Jackie-Jiang commented on code in PR #18979:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/18979#discussion_r4364676577


##########
pinot-common/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/common/function/scalar/JsonFunctions.java:
##########
@@ -69,6 +76,13 @@ private JsonFunctions() {
           .mappingProvider(new 
JacksonMappingProvider()).options(Option.SUPPRESS_EXCEPTIONS)
           .build());
 
+  // Mirrors JsonExtractScalarTransformFunction's BigDecimal-preserving 
parser: BIG_DECIMAL / STRING / JSON
+  // extraction reads JSON floats as BigDecimal to avoid precision loss.
+  private static final ParseContext PARSE_CONTEXT_WITH_BIG_DECIMAL = 
JsonPath.using(

Review Comment:
   Verified in ae353ebf6b: both parser contexts are shared through 
JsonFunctions, and JsonExtractScalarTransformFunction references the same 
instances. The transform still calls parse/parseUtf8 directly for its known 
input type.



##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/operator/transform/function/JsonExtractScalarTransformFunction.java:
##########
@@ -831,7 +813,9 @@ private <T> IntFunction<T> getResultExtractor(ValueBlock 
valueBlock, ParseContex
       boolean useBigDecimal) {
     if (_jsonFieldTransformFunction.getResultMetadata().getDataType() == 
DataType.BYTES) {
       byte[][] jsonBytes = 
_jsonFieldTransformFunction.transformToBytesValuesSV(valueBlock);
-      IntFunction<T> jaywayExtractor = i -> 
parseContext.parseUtf8(jsonBytes[i]).read(_jsonPath);
+      IntFunction<T> jaywayExtractor =

Review Comment:
   Verified in ae353ebf6b. The transform uses parseUtf8 for BYTES and parse for 
STRING directly, avoiding generic input-type dispatch on the leaf execution 
path.



##########
pinot-common/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/common/function/scalar/JsonFunctions.java:
##########
@@ -611,6 +630,321 @@ public static Object jsonExtractObject(@Nullable Object 
object) {
     return null;
   }
 
+  /// Extract a scalar (or scalar-array) value from a JSON document and coerce 
it to `resultsType`.
+  ///
+  /// Scalar-function counterpart of the `jsonExtractScalar` transform 
(`JsonExtractScalarTransformFunction` in
+  /// pinot-core), so that `json_extract_scalar(...)` resolves in the 
multi-stage engine and in ad-hoc scalar
+  /// contexts. `resultsType` is a Pinot [DataType] name, optionally suffixed 
with `_ARRAY` for a multi-value
+  /// result. Supported types are 
`INT/LONG/FLOAT/DOUBLE/BIG_DECIMAL/BOOLEAN/TIMESTAMP/STRING/JSON/BYTES` and
+  /// the `INT/LONG/FLOAT/DOUBLE/BIG_DECIMAL/STRING` array variants.
+  ///
+  /// The document may be a `String`, a UTF-8 encoded `byte[]` (BYTES columns) 
or an already-parsed container.
+  /// Coercion mirrors the transform exactly: `BOOLEAN` is returned as its 
stored `INT` (0/1), `TIMESTAMP` as
+  /// epoch millis (numeric values as-is, strings via ISO-8601), `BIG_DECIMAL` 
/ `STRING` / `JSON` use a
+  /// BigDecimal-preserving parser. Without a default value an unresolved 
single-value path throws; a
+  /// multi-value path yields an empty array, but a `null` element inside a 
resolved array still throws.
+  /// A malformed JSON document is treated as unresolved.
+  @ScalarFunction
+  public static Object jsonExtractScalar(Object jsonInput, String jsonPath, 
String resultsType) {
+    return jsonExtractScalar(jsonInput, jsonPath, resultsType, null);
+  }
+
+  /// See [#jsonExtractScalar(Object, String, String)]. `defaultValue` is 
returned (coerced to `resultsType`)
+  /// when the path resolves to `null` or the document is malformed.
+  @ScalarFunction(nullableParameters = true)
+  public static Object jsonExtractScalar(@Nullable Object jsonInput, String 
jsonPath, String resultsType,
+      @Nullable Object defaultValue) {
+    String type = resultsType.toUpperCase();
+    boolean isSingleValue = !type.endsWith("_ARRAY");
+    DataType dataType;
+    try {
+      dataType = DataType.valueOf(isSingleValue ? type : type.substring(0, 
type.length() - 6));
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      throw new 
IllegalArgumentException(unsupportedResultsTypeMessage(resultsType));
+    }
+    // BIG_DECIMAL / STRING / JSON must read floats as BigDecimal to preserve 
precision, matching the transform.
+    boolean useBigDecimal =
+        dataType == DataType.BIG_DECIMAL || dataType == DataType.STRING || 
dataType == DataType.JSON;
+    if (isSingleValue) {
+      Object value = readJsonPathValue(jsonInput, jsonPath, useBigDecimal);
+      if (value == null) {
+        if (defaultValue != null) {
+          return coerceScalar(defaultValue, dataType);
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Cannot resolve JSON path on some records. Consider setting a 
default value.");
+      }
+      return coerceScalar(value, dataType);
+    }
+    return coerceScalarArray(readJsonPathArray(jsonInput, jsonPath, 
useBigDecimal), dataType, defaultValue);
+  }
+
+  /// Reads `jsonPath` from a JSON `String`, UTF-8 `byte[]`, or already-parsed 
document.
+  /// Shared with `JsonExtractScalarTransformFunction` so both stay on the 
same input dispatch.
+  /// A missing path returns `null` (`Option.SUPPRESS_EXCEPTIONS`). Malformed 
input throws.
+  @Nullable
+  public static <T> T readJsonPathInternal(Object jsonInput, String jsonPath, 
ParseContext parseContext) {

Review Comment:
   Verified in ae353ebf6b. The public readJsonPathInternal helper is gone; 
document dispatch and path reading are private. Only the parser contexts and 
coercion methods needed by the transform are shared.



##########
pinot-common/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/common/function/scalar/JsonFunctions.java:
##########
@@ -611,6 +630,321 @@ public static Object jsonExtractObject(@Nullable Object 
object) {
     return null;
   }
 
+  /// Extract a scalar (or scalar-array) value from a JSON document and coerce 
it to `resultsType`.
+  ///
+  /// Scalar-function counterpart of the `jsonExtractScalar` transform 
(`JsonExtractScalarTransformFunction` in
+  /// pinot-core), so that `json_extract_scalar(...)` resolves in the 
multi-stage engine and in ad-hoc scalar
+  /// contexts. `resultsType` is a Pinot [DataType] name, optionally suffixed 
with `_ARRAY` for a multi-value
+  /// result. Supported types are 
`INT/LONG/FLOAT/DOUBLE/BIG_DECIMAL/BOOLEAN/TIMESTAMP/STRING/JSON/BYTES` and
+  /// the `INT/LONG/FLOAT/DOUBLE/BIG_DECIMAL/STRING` array variants.
+  ///
+  /// The document may be a `String`, a UTF-8 encoded `byte[]` (BYTES columns) 
or an already-parsed container.
+  /// Coercion mirrors the transform exactly: `BOOLEAN` is returned as its 
stored `INT` (0/1), `TIMESTAMP` as
+  /// epoch millis (numeric values as-is, strings via ISO-8601), `BIG_DECIMAL` 
/ `STRING` / `JSON` use a
+  /// BigDecimal-preserving parser. Without a default value an unresolved 
single-value path throws; a
+  /// multi-value path yields an empty array, but a `null` element inside a 
resolved array still throws.
+  /// A malformed JSON document is treated as unresolved.
+  @ScalarFunction
+  public static Object jsonExtractScalar(Object jsonInput, String jsonPath, 
String resultsType) {
+    return jsonExtractScalar(jsonInput, jsonPath, resultsType, null);
+  }
+
+  /// See [#jsonExtractScalar(Object, String, String)]. `defaultValue` is 
returned (coerced to `resultsType`)
+  /// when the path resolves to `null` or the document is malformed.
+  @ScalarFunction(nullableParameters = true)
+  public static Object jsonExtractScalar(@Nullable Object jsonInput, String 
jsonPath, String resultsType,
+      @Nullable Object defaultValue) {
+    String type = resultsType.toUpperCase();
+    boolean isSingleValue = !type.endsWith("_ARRAY");
+    DataType dataType;
+    try {
+      dataType = DataType.valueOf(isSingleValue ? type : type.substring(0, 
type.length() - 6));
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      throw new 
IllegalArgumentException(unsupportedResultsTypeMessage(resultsType));
+    }
+    // BIG_DECIMAL / STRING / JSON must read floats as BigDecimal to preserve 
precision, matching the transform.
+    boolean useBigDecimal =
+        dataType == DataType.BIG_DECIMAL || dataType == DataType.STRING || 
dataType == DataType.JSON;
+    if (isSingleValue) {
+      Object value = readJsonPathValue(jsonInput, jsonPath, useBigDecimal);
+      if (value == null) {
+        if (defaultValue != null) {
+          return coerceScalar(defaultValue, dataType);
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Cannot resolve JSON path on some records. Consider setting a 
default value.");
+      }
+      return coerceScalar(value, dataType);
+    }
+    return coerceScalarArray(readJsonPathArray(jsonInput, jsonPath, 
useBigDecimal), dataType, defaultValue);
+  }
+
+  /// Reads `jsonPath` from a JSON `String`, UTF-8 `byte[]`, or already-parsed 
document.
+  /// Shared with `JsonExtractScalarTransformFunction` so both stay on the 
same input dispatch.
+  /// A missing path returns `null` (`Option.SUPPRESS_EXCEPTIONS`). Malformed 
input throws.
+  @Nullable
+  public static <T> T readJsonPathInternal(Object jsonInput, String jsonPath, 
ParseContext parseContext) {
+    return parseJsonDocument(jsonInput, parseContext).read(jsonPath, 
NO_PREDICATES);
+  }
+
+  /// Compiled-path counterpart of [#readJsonPathInternal(Object, String, 
ParseContext)].
+  @Nullable
+  public static <T> T readJsonPathInternal(Object jsonInput, JsonPath 
jsonPath, ParseContext parseContext) {
+    return parseJsonDocument(jsonInput, parseContext).read(jsonPath);
+  }
+
+  private static DocumentContext parseJsonDocument(Object jsonInput, 
ParseContext parseContext) {
+    if (jsonInput instanceof String) {
+      return parseContext.parse((String) jsonInput);
+    }
+    if (jsonInput instanceof byte[]) {
+      // BYTES columns carry the raw UTF-8 document; parse(Object) would treat 
the array as already parsed.
+      return parseContext.parseUtf8((byte[]) jsonInput);
+    }
+    return parseContext.parse(jsonInput);
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  private static Object readJsonPathValue(@Nullable Object jsonInput, String 
jsonPath, boolean useBigDecimal) {
+    if (jsonInput == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    try {
+      return readJsonPathInternal(jsonInput, jsonPath,
+          useBigDecimal ? PARSE_CONTEXT_WITH_BIG_DECIMAL : PARSE_CONTEXT);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // Malformed JSON (e.g. a plain-text row) is treated as unresolved, 
mirroring the transform which swallows
+      // per-row extraction errors; the caller then applies the default or 
throws.
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  private static Object[] readJsonPathArray(@Nullable Object jsonInput, String 
jsonPath, boolean useBigDecimal) {
+    if (jsonInput == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    try {
+      return convertObjectToArray(readJsonPathInternal(jsonInput, jsonPath,
+          useBigDecimal ? PARSE_CONTEXT_WITH_BIG_DECIMAL : PARSE_CONTEXT));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Object coerceScalar(Object value, DataType dataType) {
+    switch (dataType) {
+      case INT:
+        return toInt(value, false);
+      case BOOLEAN:
+        return toInt(value, true);
+      case LONG:
+        return toLong(value, false);
+      case TIMESTAMP:
+        return toLong(value, true);
+      case FLOAT:
+        return toFloat(value);
+      case DOUBLE:
+        return toDouble(value);
+      case BIG_DECIMAL:
+        return toBigDecimal(value);
+      case STRING:
+      case JSON:
+        return toStringValue(value);
+      case BYTES:
+        return BytesUtils.toBytes(value.toString());
+      default:
+        throw new 
IllegalArgumentException(unsupportedResultsTypeMessage(dataType.name()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Object coerceScalarArray(@Nullable Object[] array, DataType 
dataType, @Nullable Object defaultValue) {
+    switch (dataType) {

Review Comment:
   Verified in ae353ebf6b. BOOLEAN_ARRAY and TIMESTAMP_ARRAY are supported as 
int[] and long[]. I also completed the BOOLEAN array-literal conversions in 
996a97fb30 so composed consumers such as arraySum work after constant folding; 
the regression passes with both null-handling modes.



##########
pinot-common/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/common/utils/JsonNumberUtils.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.spi.utils;
+
+
+/// Shared JSON-number parser used by `jsonExtractScalar` (scalar and 
transform).
+///
+/// Accepts regular long syntax plus JSON numeric forms: `1E1` → `10`, `1.9` → 
`1` (truncate toward
+/// zero), `1.123E1` → `11`. Throws [NumberFormatException] with `For input 
string: "<value>"` on
+/// overflow (`9223372036854775808`, `2.0E19`), illegal exponent (`2E20`, 
`2E-1`), and other malformed input.
+///
+/// Thread-safe: no mutable state.
+public final class JsonNumberUtils {
+  private static final long[] POWERS_OF_10 = new long[]{
+      1L,
+      10L,
+      100L,
+      1000L,
+      10000L,
+      100000L,
+      1000000L,
+      10000000L,
+      100000000L,
+      1000000000L,
+      10000000000L,
+      100000000000L,
+      1000000000000L,
+      10000000000000L,
+      100000000000000L,
+      1000000000000000L,
+      10000000000000000L,
+      100000000000000000L,
+      1000000000000000000L,
+  };
+
+  private JsonNumberUtils() {
+  }
+
+  /// Parses a JSON numeric string to a long.
+  ///
+  /// @param cs char sequence to parse
+  /// @return parsed long value
+  /// @throws NumberFormatException if `cs` is null, empty, out of long range, 
or not a JSON number
+  public static long parseJsonLong(CharSequence cs) {
+    if (cs == null) {
+      throw new NumberFormatException("Can't parse null string");
+    }
+
+    boolean negative = false;
+    int i = 0;
+    int len = cs.length();
+    long limit = -Long.MAX_VALUE;
+
+    if (len <= 0) {
+      throw formatException(cs);
+    }
+
+    boolean dotFound = false;
+    boolean exponentFound = false;
+
+    char firstChar = cs.charAt(0);
+    if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
+      if (firstChar == '-') {
+        negative = true;
+        limit = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+      } else if (firstChar != '+') {
+        throw formatException(cs);
+      }
+
+      if (len == 1) { // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
+        throw formatException(cs);
+      }
+      i++;
+    }
+    long multmin = limit / 10;
+    long result = 0;
+    while (i < len) {
+      // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
+      char c = cs.charAt(i++);
+      if (c < '0' || c > '9' || result < multmin) {
+        if (c == '.') {
+          // ignore the rest of the integer digits
+          dotFound = true;
+          break;
+        } else if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+          exponentFound = true;
+          break;
+        }
+        throw formatException(cs);
+      }
+
+      int digit = c - '0';
+      result *= 10;
+      if (result < limit + digit) {
+        throw formatException(cs);
+      }
+      result -= digit;
+    }
+
+    if (dotFound) {
+      // scan rest of the string to make sure it's only digits (or an exponent)
+      while (i < len) {
+        char c = cs.charAt(i++);
+        if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
+          if ((c | 32) == 'e') {
+            exponentFound = true;
+            break;
+          } else {
+            throw formatException(cs);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (exponentFound) {
+      if (dotFound) {
+        double parsed;
+        try {
+          parsed = Double.parseDouble(cs.toString());

Review Comment:
   Verified in ae353ebf6b. Decimal-exponent values use exact BigDecimal parsing 
and range checking, and LONG JSON parsing preserves decimal precision. The 
tests cover values above 2^53 and the long boundaries. Materialized 
Double/Float inputs retain their binary value through a guarded cast.



##########
pinot-common/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/common/function/scalar/JsonFunctions.java:
##########
@@ -611,6 +634,396 @@ public static Object jsonExtractObject(@Nullable Object 
object) {
     return null;
   }
 
+  /// Extract a scalar (or scalar-array) value from a JSON document and coerce 
it to `resultsType`.
+  ///
+  /// Scalar-function counterpart of the `jsonExtractScalar` transform 
(`JsonExtractScalarTransformFunction` in
+  /// pinot-core), so that `json_extract_scalar(...)` resolves in the 
multi-stage engine and in ad-hoc scalar
+  /// contexts. `resultsType` is a Pinot [DataType] name, optionally suffixed 
with `_ARRAY` for a multi-value
+  /// result. Supported types are 
`INT/LONG/FLOAT/DOUBLE/BIG_DECIMAL/BOOLEAN/TIMESTAMP/STRING/JSON/BYTES` and
+  /// the `INT/LONG/FLOAT/DOUBLE/BIG_DECIMAL/BOOLEAN/TIMESTAMP/STRING` array 
variants.
+  ///
+  /// The document may be a `String`, a UTF-8 encoded `byte[]` (BYTES columns) 
or an already-parsed container.
+  /// Coercion mirrors the transform exactly: `BOOLEAN` is returned as its 
stored `INT` (0/1), `TIMESTAMP` as
+  /// epoch millis (numeric values as-is, strings via ISO-8601), `BIG_DECIMAL` 
/ `STRING` / `JSON` use a
+  /// BigDecimal-preserving parser. The 3-argument form throws on an 
unresolved single-value path. The
+  /// 4-argument form returns `defaultValue` (including SQL `NULL`). A 
multi-value path yields an empty
+  /// array when unresolved, but a `null` element inside a resolved array 
still throws unless a default is
+  /// supplied. A malformed JSON document is treated as unresolved.
+  @ScalarFunction
+  public static Object jsonExtractScalar(Object jsonInput, String jsonPath, 
String resultsType) {
+    return jsonExtractScalarInternal(jsonInput, jsonPath, resultsType, null, 
false);
+  }
+
+  /// See [#jsonExtractScalar(Object, String, String)]. `defaultValue` is 
returned (coerced to `resultsType`)
+  /// when the path resolves to `null` or the document is malformed. An 
explicit SQL `NULL` default returns
+  /// Java `null` rather than throwing.
+  @ScalarFunction(nullableParameters = true)
+  public static Object jsonExtractScalar(@Nullable Object jsonInput, String 
jsonPath, String resultsType,
+      @Nullable Object defaultValue) {
+    return jsonExtractScalarInternal(jsonInput, jsonPath, resultsType, 
defaultValue, true);
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  private static Object jsonExtractScalarInternal(@Nullable Object jsonInput, 
String jsonPath, String resultsType,
+      @Nullable Object defaultValue, boolean hasDefault) {
+    String type = resultsType.toUpperCase();
+    boolean isSingleValue = !type.endsWith("_ARRAY");
+    DataType dataType;
+    try {
+      dataType = DataType.valueOf(isSingleValue ? type : type.substring(0, 
type.length() - 6));
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      throw new 
IllegalArgumentException(unsupportedResultsTypeMessage(resultsType));
+    }
+    // BIG_DECIMAL / STRING / JSON must read floats as BigDecimal to preserve 
precision, matching the transform.
+    boolean useBigDecimal =
+        dataType == DataType.BIG_DECIMAL || dataType == DataType.STRING || 
dataType == DataType.JSON;
+    if (isSingleValue) {
+      Object value = readJsonPathValue(jsonInput, jsonPath, useBigDecimal);
+      if (value == null) {
+        if (!hasDefault) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+              "Cannot resolve JSON path on some records. Consider setting a 
default value.");
+        }
+        if (defaultValue == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return coerceScalar(defaultValue, dataType, true);
+      }
+      return coerceScalar(value, dataType, false);
+    }
+    return coerceScalarArray(readJsonPathArray(jsonInput, jsonPath, 
useBigDecimal), dataType, defaultValue, hasDefault);
+  }
+
+  /// Reads `jsonPath` from a JSON `String`, UTF-8 `byte[]`, or already-parsed 
document.
+  /// A missing path returns `null` (`Option.SUPPRESS_EXCEPTIONS`). Malformed 
input throws.
+  /// Callers that already know the input type (the transform hot path) should 
call
+  /// `parseUtf8` / `parse` themselves instead of going through this dispatch.
+  @Nullable
+  private static <T> T readJsonPathInternal(Object jsonInput, String jsonPath, 
ParseContext parseContext) {
+    return parseJsonDocument(jsonInput, parseContext).read(jsonPath, 
NO_PREDICATES);
+  }
+
+  private static DocumentContext parseJsonDocument(Object jsonInput, 
ParseContext parseContext) {
+    if (jsonInput instanceof String) {
+      return parseContext.parse((String) jsonInput);
+    }
+    if (jsonInput instanceof byte[]) {
+      // BYTES columns carry the raw UTF-8 document; parse(Object) would treat 
the array as already parsed.
+      return parseContext.parseUtf8((byte[]) jsonInput);
+    }
+    return parseContext.parse(jsonInput);
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  private static Object readJsonPathValue(@Nullable Object jsonInput, String 
jsonPath, boolean useBigDecimal) {
+    if (jsonInput == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    try {
+      return readJsonPathInternal(jsonInput, jsonPath,
+          useBigDecimal ? PARSE_CONTEXT_WITH_BIG_DECIMAL : PARSE_CONTEXT);
+    } catch (Exception e) {

Review Comment:
   Verified in ae353ebf6b. Invalid JSONPath syntax is compiled outside the 
fallback catch and still throws. I also fixed valid-path evaluation failures in 
ae353ebf6b: for example, avg() on an empty array now uses the configured 
default, matching the leaf transform. Parsing/evaluation failures are handled 
together; result coercion remains outside the catch. Regression coverage 
includes folded, leaf, and post-join execution.



##########
pinot-common/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/common/function/scalar/JsonFunctions.java:
##########
@@ -611,6 +634,396 @@ public static Object jsonExtractObject(@Nullable Object 
object) {
     return null;
   }
 
+  /// Extract a scalar (or scalar-array) value from a JSON document and coerce 
it to `resultsType`.
+  ///
+  /// Scalar-function counterpart of the `jsonExtractScalar` transform 
(`JsonExtractScalarTransformFunction` in
+  /// pinot-core), so that `json_extract_scalar(...)` resolves in the 
multi-stage engine and in ad-hoc scalar
+  /// contexts. `resultsType` is a Pinot [DataType] name, optionally suffixed 
with `_ARRAY` for a multi-value
+  /// result. Supported types are 
`INT/LONG/FLOAT/DOUBLE/BIG_DECIMAL/BOOLEAN/TIMESTAMP/STRING/JSON/BYTES` and
+  /// the `INT/LONG/FLOAT/DOUBLE/BIG_DECIMAL/BOOLEAN/TIMESTAMP/STRING` array 
variants.
+  ///
+  /// The document may be a `String`, a UTF-8 encoded `byte[]` (BYTES columns) 
or an already-parsed container.
+  /// Coercion mirrors the transform exactly: `BOOLEAN` is returned as its 
stored `INT` (0/1), `TIMESTAMP` as
+  /// epoch millis (numeric values as-is, strings via ISO-8601), `BIG_DECIMAL` 
/ `STRING` / `JSON` use a
+  /// BigDecimal-preserving parser. The 3-argument form throws on an 
unresolved single-value path. The
+  /// 4-argument form returns `defaultValue` (including SQL `NULL`). A 
multi-value path yields an empty
+  /// array when unresolved, but a `null` element inside a resolved array 
still throws unless a default is
+  /// supplied. A malformed JSON document is treated as unresolved.
+  @ScalarFunction
+  public static Object jsonExtractScalar(Object jsonInput, String jsonPath, 
String resultsType) {
+    return jsonExtractScalarInternal(jsonInput, jsonPath, resultsType, null, 
false);
+  }
+
+  /// See [#jsonExtractScalar(Object, String, String)]. `defaultValue` is 
returned (coerced to `resultsType`)
+  /// when the path resolves to `null` or the document is malformed. An 
explicit SQL `NULL` default returns
+  /// Java `null` rather than throwing.
+  @ScalarFunction(nullableParameters = true)

Review Comment:
   Verified in ae353ebf6b. The four-argument overload is annotated @Nullable, 
distinguishes an explicit NULL default from an omitted default, and has scalar 
and runtime coverage for both null-handling modes.



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