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commit 6becb8596df32058f69473c39f4a9028f149954e
Author: Kyle Yin Xu <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Sat Jun 13 11:00:43 2026 -0700

    test(workflow-operator): add ImageUtilitySpec for encodeImageToHTML (#5679)
    
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    ### What changes were proposed in this PR?
    
    Pin the Python snippet emitted by ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML() — the
    helper that visualization operators splice into generated UDF code to
    base64-encode binary image data into an <img> tag. Any drift in the
    f-string template or the error fallback would silently break
    image-rendering operators (e.g. Word Cloud). No production-code changes.
    Negative cases are covered implicitly: removing any pinned substring
    fails the corresponding assertion.
    
    | Spec | Source Class | Tests |
    | --- | --- | --- |
    | ImageUtilitySpec | ImageUtility | 8 |
    
    Spec file name follows the `<srcClassName>Spec.scala` one-to-one
    convention.
    
    **Behavior pinned**
    
    | Surface | Contract |
    | :--- | :--- |
    | `encodeImageToHTML` | returns a non-empty `String` |
    | Snippet imports base64 | substring `import base64` appears |
    | Snippet calls `base64.b64encode(binary_image_data)` | substring
    appears verbatim |
    | Snippet decodes to UTF-8 | substring `.decode("utf-8")` appears |
    | Snippet emits an `<img>` tag with `data:image;base64,...` | substring
    `data:image;base64,{encoded_image_str}` appears (verifies the f-string
    template) |
    | Snippet handles binary-decode failure via try/except | substrings
    `except Exception` and `Binary input is not valid` both appear |
    | Snippet contains a top-level `html =` assignment | substring `html =
    f` appears so downstream code can reference `html` |
    | Determinism | two calls return the exact same string |
    
    The harness pins via `contains` on canonical substrings — resilient to
    incidental whitespace changes from `stripMargin` while still catching
    real template drift.
    ### Any related issues, documentation, discussions?
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    Closes #5665
    
    ### How was this PR tested?
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    Unit tests were added here, tested through local verification:
    
    - ```sbt "WorkflowOperator/testOnly
    org.apache.texera.amber.operator.visualization.ImageUtilitySpec"``` -
    All 8 tests passed
    - ```sbt scalafmtCheckAll``` -- clean
    - ```sbt scalafixAll --check``` No lint errors
    
    ### Was this PR authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
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    Generated-by: Composer 2.5 Fast
---
 .../operator/visualization/ImageUtilitySpec.scala  | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 65 insertions(+)

diff --git 
a/common/workflow-operator/src/test/scala/org/apache/texera/amber/operator/visualization/ImageUtilitySpec.scala
 
b/common/workflow-operator/src/test/scala/org/apache/texera/amber/operator/visualization/ImageUtilitySpec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65874b72f8
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/common/workflow-operator/src/test/scala/org/apache/texera/amber/operator/visualization/ImageUtilitySpec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.texera.amber.operator.visualization
+
+import org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec
+
+class ImageUtilitySpec extends AnyFlatSpec {
+
+  "ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML" should "return a non-empty Python snippet" 
in {
+    assert(ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML().nonEmpty)
+  }
+
+  it should "import base64 for encoding" in {
+    assert(ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML().contains("import base64"))
+  }
+
+  it should "base64-encode binary_image_data" in {
+    assert(
+      
ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML().contains("base64.b64encode(binary_image_data)")
+    )
+  }
+
+  it should "decode encoded bytes as UTF-8" in {
+    assert(ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML().contains(""".decode("utf-8")"""))
+  }
+
+  it should "emit a data-URI img tag via an f-string template" in {
+    assert(
+      
ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML().contains("data:image;base64,{encoded_image_str}")
+    )
+  }
+
+  it should "handle binary decode failure with try/except and a render_error 
fallback" in {
+    val snippet = ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML()
+    assert(snippet.contains("except Exception"))
+    assert(snippet.contains("Binary input is not valid"))
+  }
+
+  it should "assign the img tag to html for downstream yield sites" in {
+    assert(ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML().contains("html = f"))
+  }
+
+  it should "be deterministic across repeated calls" in {
+    val first = ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML()
+    val second = ImageUtility.encodeImageToHTML()
+    assert(first == second)
+  }
+}

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