Interesting questions. I have no data, just some ideas.

Will the residents have any space at all to garden around their homes, or
is the community space the only option for gardening?

I wonder if the local master-gardener program might have an idea about the
popularity of gardening, or the level of interest.

If I were setting aside land for a garden, I'd set aside as much as
possible. I'd expect the demand to increase over the years, as residents
see what other people are growing and want to join in. Beginning gardeners
can  handle small plots. As they get more experience, some gardeners want a
lot more space to grow all the seeds they've ordered!

If this is a new development, it might help to get an idea of who might be
buying in. What kinds of jobs? (If all the adults have a long commute and
demanding jobs, then at best they'll be gardening only on weekends,
assuming they're not working on the weekends, too.) Lots of small children?
At one of the community gardens I belong to, every time a family with small
children gets a plot, they're really enthusiastic the first year (or the
first month), and then they never come back -- no time. But once the kids
are big enough to handle tools, committed families do stick around. So if
there are lots of families with small kids, smaller plots might be more
popular. On the other  hand, if you get a few avid gardeners, they'll enjoy
having big plots and will share their bounty. So the best strategy is to
have plots of different sizes, from  4x8 to 20x20 or more.

It's nice to have fruit trees and a few herb beds for everyone to share.
Sometimes the fruit gets picked by one or a few people (or by the roof rats
and squirrels!), though. I even know one garden that has a "food forest" of
perennial edibles.

A picnic table and some chairs will encourage people to stick around,
enhancing the "community" part. Some sort of shade structure (tree,
pergola, etc.) is nice, too.

One hose bib per plot is ideal, but it's possible to have fewer. Communal
hoses tend to get trashed, though -- everyone coils them differently and
they get kinks and then leaks. If you're in a dry-summer climate, it might
be cost-effective in the long run if you offer drip irrigation, or promote
it.
​
​Fences and gates are essential, even if they are ​merely symbolic.
Gardeners don't want dogs and cats wandering through. The fence and gate
mostly mark the boundary. You can post notices to/among gardeners on the
fence or on a kiosk near the gate. A community garden is a great place for
people to walk, and visiting (without picking) should be encouraged. For
dog walkers, a perimeter path is ideal. Having lots of foot traffic cuts
down on any vandalism or stealing, too.

​It's essential to have a place for composting (or bins for the city to
pick up) and a wide service gate there. It's also nice to have a place
where truckloads of compost or mulch can be dumped for gardeners to use,
again with a wide service gate, on a road accessible to trucks. Some
gardeners will want to have their own compost bins, but many will want a
place to put old tomato vines and sunflower stalks at the end of the
season.​
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