Stuart and I refined the text to mention a concurrent modification policy (e.g. fail-fast or weakly consistent) of any overriding class.
Paul. diff -r c7b932897909 src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Iterable.java --- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Iterable.java Wed Nov 23 10:35:44 2016 -0800 +++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/Iterable.java Wed Nov 23 10:40:53 2016 -0800 @@ -53,10 +53,13 @@ /** * Performs the given action for each element of the {@code Iterable} * until all elements have been processed or the action throws an - * exception. Unless otherwise specified by the implementing class, - * actions are performed in the order of iteration (if an iteration order - * is specified). Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the + * exception. Actions are performed in the order of iteration, if that + * order is specified. Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the * caller. + * <p> + * The behavior of this method is unspecified if the action performs + * side-effects that modify the underlying source of elements, unless an + * overriding class has specified a concurrent modification policy. * * @implSpec * <p>The default implementation behaves as if: diff -r c7b932897909 src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Iterator.java --- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Iterator.java Wed Nov 23 10:35:44 2016 -0800 +++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Iterator.java Wed Nov 23 10:40:53 2016 -0800 @@ -76,10 +76,15 @@ /** * Removes from the underlying collection the last element returned * by this iterator (optional operation). This method can be called - * only once per call to {@link #next}. The behavior of an iterator - * is unspecified if the underlying collection is modified while the - * iteration is in progress in any way other than by calling this - * method. + * only once per call to {@link #next}. + * <p> + * The behavior of an iterator is unspecified if the underlying collection + * is modified while the iteration is in progress in any way other than by + * calling this method, unless an overriding class has specified a + * concurrent modification policy. + * <p> + * The behavior of an iterator is unspecified if this method is called + * after a call to the {@link #forEachRemaining forEachRemaining} method. * * @implSpec * The default implementation throws an instance of @@ -102,6 +107,13 @@ * have been processed or the action throws an exception. Actions are * performed in the order of iteration, if that order is specified. * Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller. + * <p> + * The behavior of an iterator is unspecified if the action modifies the + * collection in any way (even by calling the {@link #remove remove} method), + * unless an overriding class has specified a concurrent modification policy. + * <p> + * Subsequent behavior of an iterator is unspecified if the action throws an + * exception. * * @implSpec * <p>The default implementation behaves as if: