ArrayUtil.java:
===============
I'm not very sure how widely this utilities will be used in the future. Looks like only BigIntegerModuloP uses this classes. I may prefer to define private methods for byte array swap in BigIntegerModuloP.


BigIntegerModuloP.java:
=======================
As this is a class for testing or ptototype purpose, it might not be a part of JDK products, like JRE. Would you mind move it to a test package if you want to keep it?


IntegerModuloP, IntegerModuloP_Base and MutableIntegerModuloP
=============================================================
In the security package/context, it may make sense to use "IntegerModulo" for the referring to "integers modulo a prime value". The class name of "IntegerModuloP_Base" is not a general Java coding style. I may prefer a little bit name changes like:
     IntegerModuloP_Base   -> IntegerModulo
     IntegerModuloP        -> ImmutableIntegerModulo
     MutableIntegerModuloP -> MutableIntegerModulo

     IntegerFieldModuloP   -> IntegerModuloField (?)


MutableIntegerModuloP.java
==========================
void conditionalSwapWith(MutableIntegerModuloP b, int swap);
As the 'swap' parameter can only be 0 or 1, could it be a boolean parameter?

Except the conditionalSwapWith() method, I did not get the points why we need a mutable version. Would you please have more description of this requirement?


IntegerModuloP_Base.java
========================
default byte[] addModPowerTwo(IntegerModuloP_Base b, int len)
void addModPowerTwo(IntegerModuloP_Base b, byte[] result);

For the first sign of the method names, I thought it is to calculate as "(this + b) ^ 2 mod m". Besides, what's the benefits of the two methods? Could we just use:
      this.add(b).asByteArray()

I guess, but not very sure, it is for constant time calculation. If the function is required, could it be renamed as:

      // the result is inside of the size range
      IntegerModuloP addModSize(IntegerModuloP_Base b, int size)
Or
      // the result is wrapped if outside of the size range
      IntegerModuloP addOnWrap(IntegerModuloP_Base b, int size)

and the use may look like:
      this.addModSize(b, size).asByteArray()


Will review the rest when I understand more about the interfaces design.

Thanks,
Xuelei

On 1/30/2018 8:52 AM, Adam Petcher wrote:
+core-libs-dev


On 1/26/2018 4:06 PM, Adam Petcher wrote:
JBS: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8181594
Webrev: http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~apetcher/8181594/webrev.00/

This is a code review for the field arithmetic that will be used in implementations of X25519/X448 key agreement, the Poly1305 authenticator, and EdDSA signatures. I believe that the library has all the features necessary for X25519/X448 and Poly1305, and I expect at most a couple of minor enhancements will be required to support EdDSA. There is no public API for this library, so we can change it in the future to suit the needs of new algorithms without breaking compatibility with external code. Still, I made an attempt to clearly structure and document the (internal) API, and I want to make sure it is understandable and easy to use.

This is not a general-purpose modular arithmetic library. It will only work well in circumstances where the sequence of operations is restricted, and where the prime that defines the field has some useful structure. Moreover, each new field will require some field-specific code that takes into account the structure of the prime and the way the field is used in the application. The initial implementation includes a field for Poly1305 and the fields for X25519/X448 which should also work for EdDSA.

The benefits of using this library are that it is much more efficient than using similar operations in BigInteger. Also, many operations are branch-free, making them suitable for use in a side-channel resistant implementation that does not branch on secrets.

To provide some context, I have attached a code snippet describing how this library can be used. The snippet is the constant-time Montgomery ladder from my X25519/X448 implementation, which I expect to be out for review soon. X25519/X448 only uses standard arithmetic operations, and the more unusual features (e.g. add modulo a power of 2) are needed by Poly1305.

The field arithmetic (for all fields) is implemented using a 32-bit representation similar to the one described in the Ed448 paper[1] (in the "Implementation on 32-bit platforms" section). Though my implementation uses signed limbs, and grade-school multiplication instead of Karatsuba. The argument for correctness is essentially the same for all three fields: the magnitude of each 64-bit limb is at most 2^(k-1) after reduction, except for the last limb which may have a magnitude of up to 2^k. The values of k are between 26 to 28 (depending on the field), and we can calculate that the maximum magnitude for any limb during an add-multiply-carry-reduce sequence is always less than 2^63. Therefore, no overflow occurs and all operations are correct.

Process note: this enhancement is part of JEP 324 (Key Agreement with Curve25519 and Curve448). When this code review is complete, nothing will happen until all other work for this JEP is complete, and the JEP is accepted as part of some release. This means that this code will be pushed to the repo along with the X25519/X448 code that uses it.

[1] https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/625.pdf




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