Mark Constable writes:

I can't quite work out why this particular example is failing an SPF check.

Jan 27 10:49:46 s1 courieresmtpd: error,
relay=::ffff:104.47.126.51,
from=<recept...@xxxx.com.au>:
517 SPF fail recept...@xxxx.com.au: Address does not pass the Sender Policy Framework

The IP is owned by M$ and it returns an outlook.com PTR...

~ dig +short -x 104.47.126.51
mail-pu1apc01on0051.outbound.protection.outlook.com.

Is it at all possible the google-site-verification TXT RR is confusing the issue?

~ dig +short txt xxxx.com.au
"v=spf1 includes:spf.protection.outlook.com -all"
"google-site-verification=IlCUVOxK5F8zXd5ATS9ffkVvBDS1ZkQJT-XXXXXXX"

Use the full dig command. Is this two separate TXT records, or one single TXT record with two strings.

If google-site-verification is a separate TXT record, it will definitely be ignored.

If it's the same string, the -all should cause SPF to fail in any case, if SPF validation reaches this far. Since there is no inteverning space, the parser will actually see "-allgoogle-site-verification..", which is garbage, and garbage is equivalent to -all anyway.

Is it possible that 104.47.126.51 is not part of includes:spf.protection.outlook.com ?

Or is there something obvious I might be missing?

There are a bunch of nested includes here. Maybe one of them resulted in a stalled DNS lookup, and this is configured to be treated as a hard failure. The IP address looks fine to me.

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