while Colossus is often said (mostly by the British (-: ) to be the world's first digital computer, (an argument i try to stay away from) it certainly wasn't a general purpose machine. it did run a program of sorts, but not a 'stored program' that was readily changed. there is no indication that it was ever used for anything other than the attack on the Lorenz codes. changing the program would have been a non-trivial task and it's unlikely that Tommy Flowers would not have been involved in or at least aware of such a change, and he has specifically said that to the best of his knowledge, Colossus was used for only the one purpose for which it was designed. cheers, -paul -- "There is magic in the web" - Shakespeare (Othello, Act 3, Scene 4)