In the various renditions of non-stop computing, a common theme is to do the same calculation more than once and compare the results, X'ing out the disagreements but keeping moving forward.
This is a technique that goes back at least 200 years in the construction of mathematical tables; see, for example, Tables du Cadastre. Two teams using different computational algorithms for the same value (e.g. sine, log, etc.) compute the table and results are compared. Integrated circuit cards also use this procedure to guard against induced error attacks.
Cheers, Scott
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