> background: transparent url(filename).

This is a shorthand method for writing CSS rules.  This rule has
multiple values, that are space-separated.  The first value sets the
background color to transparent; the second value is the server path or
URL where the browser can find the image.

The same rule can also be expressed like this:

.class-name {
        background-color: transparent;
        background-image: url(/path/to/images/filename.png);
}

Again, specifying these background attributes in one rule is just a
shortcut.

Another example:

/* shorthand */
.class-name {
        background: url(/path/to/images/filename.png) repeat-x top;
}

/* longhand */
.class-name {
        background-image: url(/path/to/images/filename.png);
        background-repeat: repeat-x;
        background-position: top;
}

Hope that makes sense.  More info is in the CSS [2.1] spec:
http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/colors.html#background-properties
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