-Caveat Lector-

Sharpening Up Surveillance
by Heidi Kriz

11:55 a.m.  27.Jan.99.PST
New federally funded software promises to double the quality of fuzzy video
surveillance camera footage, gratifying crime fighters but raising concerns
among privacy watchdogs.
Developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, the Video Imaging
Tool for Aiding Law Enforcement, or VITALE, samples multiple frames of
surveillance footage, compiles information on the subject from different
views, and then fuses the data together to sharpen the image.

"A lot of law enforcement agencies come to us for technology they don't have,"
said Oak Ridge National Laboratory spokesman Ron Walli. "We believe this new
technology will make a significant difference in solving crimes that would
perhaps otherwise remain unsolved."

Researcher Ken Tobin and his team developed algorithms to cut back on the
visual "noise" of video, clearing up the fuzzy, snowy stick-up footage
familiar to consumers of "reality" police television programming.

The technology has already helped put one killer behind bars. In July 1995,
police in Chattanooga, Tennessee, were stymied by grainy footage that showed
the killing of a convenience-store clerk during a robbery. The police sent the
tape to Oak Ridge where, using a prototype version of VITALE, researchers
clarified the image. A suspect was subsequently arrested and convicted.

The Oak Ridge software package is not in commercial release yet, but law
enforcement officials hope to be using a beta version by the end of the
summer. Beyond law enforcement, the technology has medical-imaging and
satellite-technology applications as well, Farrell said.

But Barry Steinhardt, associate director of the ACLU, suggested that the
technology is not likely to stop there.

"What happens if other government agencies get hold of these videotapes, and
use the images and information recorded not of criminals, but innocent private
citizens?" Steinhardt asked.

"It's part of a rush of technology that is making surveillance more and more
commonplace and affordable," Steinhardt said. "We are going to have to resign
ourselves to either all be living in glass houses, or we need to introduce
some regulatory legislation."

The ACLU has definite ideas about such legislation, according to Norman
Siegal, executive director of the New York Civil Liberties Union. The group
wants laws to limit the amount of tape recorded, distributed, and stored, and
also wants individuals notified when they are being taped.

To demonstrate the near-ubiquity of public surveillance cameras, the NYCLU
mapped the locations of 2,397 surveillance cameras visible on the streets of
Manhattan.

"We need to take an active, not passive, role in deciding how surveillance
technology can be used in public," Siegal said.

"Technology is driving us. We need to get hold of technology."

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