-Caveat Lector- UM --- in central asia its more about natural gas than oil, no?
on 12/15/02 2:23 AM, Steve Wingate at [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > -Caveat Lector- > > Are We Going to War for Oil? > > 11-Dec-2002 > > It's now been discovered that what was once thought to be an oil bonanza in > Central Asia—with more oil than exists in the Middle East—is actually a bust. > And despite government support of hydrogen fuel cells, research indicates > that these will not be a viable reality in the near future, meaning we'll > continue to depend on Middle Eastern oil. At the same time, there's been a > dramatic shift in U.S. foreign policy toward Iraq and Saudi Arabia—and these > things may be connected. > > Estimates of oil reserves in the Caspian Sea have gone from 200 billion > barrels to around 20 billion barrels. ExxonMobil is closing one of its > Caspian offshore projects due to the poor results of exploratory drilling, > and ChevronTexaco is withdrawing as well. Also, the Tengiz field in Central > Asia is very expensive to pump and deliver to market and the oil has a high > sulfur content (as much as 16 percent). Disposal of this waste sulfur will be > a major problem. > > There has been very little talk lately about the trans- Afghanistan pipeline, > probably due to continuing instability in the country. One planned pipeline > which is also being rethought is the 1,090-mile long Baku-Ceyhan pipeline, > which will cost about $2.9 billion and will link an existing pipeline from > Azerbaijan to the Turkish Mediterranean Port of Ceyhan, crossing high > mountains and territory occupied by the Kurds, who may be aligned with > Islamic terrorists. Critics question whether there are enough oil reserves in > the Caspian Sea to support the pipeline, so U.S. interest in it may really be > an effort to destabilize OPEC. > > The U.S. recently published a document promoting hydrogen fuels, but critics > feel this is mostly a public relations ploy, because there are serious > problems to overcome before we can make the transition to hydrogen fuel > cells. Because hydrogen is the simplest element, it will leak from any > container, no mater how well insulated, so some of the hydrogen will always > evaporate. Hydrogen gas is also very reactive, and when it comes into contact > with metal surfaces it decomposes into hydrogen atoms, which are so small > they can penetrate metal and make it brittle. > > But the biggest problem is the size of the fuel tanks that would be needed. > 62,000 gallons of hydrogen gas is necessary to replace the energy capacity of > 20 gallons of gasoline. So far, hydrogen-powered cars have run on compressed > hydrogen, but a compressed hydrogen fuel tank can develop pressure leaks > through accidents or normal wear, which could cause it to explode. > > > If the hydrogen is liquefied, 4 four times the volume is needed to produce > the energy of a gallon of gasoline, so a 60 gallon tank would be needed to > replace a 15-gallon gas tank. Liquid hydrogen is also hard to store, because > it’s cold enough to freeze air. In test vehicles, accidents have occurred > from pressure build-ups in plugged valves. Beyond this, there’s the high cost > of liquefying the hydrogen and refrigerating it so that it remains in a > liquid state. > > Hydrogen does not freely occur in nature in useful quantities, so it must be > split from molecules of methane from either fossil fuels or water. The water > process creates carbon monoxide as a byproduct, and the steam that’s used is > usually made from fossil fuels, so we can’t escape the production of > greenhouse gases—we simply transfer this pollution to hydrogen production > plants. > > The basic problem with hydrogen fuel cells is the second law of > thermodynamics, meaning we’ll always have to use more energy creating the > hydrogen than we’ll get from using that hydrogen. > > But a belief in hydrogen cell technology will help stock prices overcome the > bad news about Caspian oil reserves. Also, the idea that we are working on a > transition from fossil fuels may destabilize OPEC, making it easier to deal > with Arab oil states. > > The government stresses the danger of Saddam’s nuclear and biological > weapons, but does not acknowledge that part of our reason for invading Iraq > is to protect our oil interests, since we’re still going to need plenty of > cheap fossil fuel in the near future, and the revelations about the Caspian > oil supply mean we’re going to have to continue to depend on Middle Eastern > oil. > > For more information > http://www.unknowncountry.com/news/?id=2205 > > -------------------------------------- > Steve Wingate, Webmaster > ANOMALOUS IMAGES AND UFO FILES > http://www.anomalous-images.com > Latest Update: Cydonia in 3-D > http://www.anomalous-images.com/Odyssey/Cydonia_3-d.html > > <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/";>www.ctrl.org</A> > DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER > ========== > CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. 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Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. ======================================================================== Archives Available at: http://peach.ease.lsoft.com/archives/ctrl.html <A HREF="http://peach.ease.lsoft.com/archives/ctrl.html";>Archives of [EMAIL PROTECTED]</A> http:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/ <A HREF="http:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/";>ctrl</A> ======================================================================== To subscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SUBSCRIBE CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] To UNsubscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SIGNOFF CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Om
