-Caveat Lector-
>From Kanwa
CAN THE NATO BREAK THROUGH THE AIR-DEFENSE FIRE NETS OF CHINA AND RUSSIA?
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<<photos>>
S300PMU2 by Andrei Pinkov
Tor-M1 by Andrei Pinkov
<<end photos>>
<Kanwa news April 6, 1999> The NATO entered the territorial sky of both Iraq
and Yugoslavia without any difficulty. As far as the pure military
significance is concerned, can the air force of this strongest military
group break through the air-defense systems of both Russia and China as it
did during the current air strike on Yugoslavia?
After the beginning the 1990s, a large number of Russian air-defense systems
that Iraq and Yugoslavia had never used made their appearances in Russia,
including the most advanced S300PMU1, S300PMU2, S300V, S400, BUK-M1, BUK-M2,
Tor-M1, Tunguska, and SHILKA systems. Among them, the S300PMU1, S300PMU,
TorM-1, and BUK-M1 (the naval version) have already equipped or will soon
equip the Chinese army. China has also been trying to enhance the building
of its air-defense force since the Gulf War. To this end, China has
developed the FM80, FM90, FD2000, FT2000, LY60, KS1, and QW2 air-defense
missile systems. All the above-mentioned systems are a generation more
advanced in their performances than the air-defense weapons Iraq and
Yugoslavia use. Especially, the Russian systems have formed a new fire net
that covers the ultra-high altitude, high altitude, middle altitude, low
altitude, and minimum low altitude. Thus, the area of air-defense under the
coverage of the fire net has increased. For example, the range of the S400
has been extended to 400 kilometers. In the meantime, the detective methods
have also been found to be diversified with the new systems. For instance,
the Chinese FM90 and the Russian BUK-M1, BUK-M2, and Tor-M1 are all equipped
with the TV tracking system and carry the variable-frequency radar that has
a strong anti-interference capability. The phased array radar has been used
in the S300, S400, FD2000, and TorM1 and it enables the systems to track and
attack several targets at the same time. In addition, the Tor-M1 also
possesses the capability of launching a head-on attack on the cruise
missiles that travel at a low altitude.
While proposing the air-defense theory of taking the control of the
territorial sky with the ground-to-air missiles as the major weapon (Yi Di
Zhi Kong), the Chinese military theorists emphasized strengthening their air
force. Now the Chinese air force has been equipped with the different kinds
of detective systems, including the IRST system that is installed on the
Su27. On the other hand, the stealth fighter planes and bombers may have
found it easy to escape unnoticed soon after they fulfilled their bombing
missions in such small and narrow countries as Iraq and Serbia. However, in
such large countries as China and Russia, each of which has a vast expanse
of territory, things will be different. In the time of war, they will put
more planes on patrol, use the AWACS, and resort to various detective
methods. Major General F. Ilyushin, the first chief test pilot of the Su27
and a two-time winner of the "Soviet Hero", indicated to the KWIC reporter,
"Once caught by my students with their Su27s, the US stealth attack planes
can be easily destroyed only by the guns on the Su27s". Andrei Pinkov Kanwa
news)
>From Korean Central News Agency
U.S.-led NATO aggression on Yugoslavia assailed
Pyongyang, April 12 (KCNA) -- The United States insists that the NATO
force's military operations against Yugoslavia are a military measure for
"peace" but this is nothing but a sophism to conceal their aggressive and
criminal nature, says Rodong Sinmun today in a signed commentary.
It continues: The Kosovo issue is an internal affair of Yugoslavia and
a matter to be settled by Yugoslavia in a responsible manner. Nobody has a
right to interfere in the issue by force of arms. Therefore, the large-scale
military operations undertaken by the U.S. with the mobilization of the NATO
forces are a brigandish armed invasion of a sovereign state in contravention
of the UN Charter and international laws, which should never be tolerated.
The NATO's acts of aggression against Yugoslavia are an indication that the
arbitrary, high-handed and aggressive nature of the United States has
reached its height.
The United States launched an aggression on Yugoslavia this time, but
nobody knows which country will be the next target of its armed assault.
Drawing attention to the vicious maneuvering of the U.S. war hawks to
provoke a new war of aggression on the Korean peninsula, the daily warns:
If the United States dare unleash a reckless war against the DPRK,
underrating its strength as other's, it will only taste a bitter cup of
defeat.
>From Sydney (Australia) Morning Herald
Tuesday, April 13, 1999
BALKANS: SERBIA DEFIANT
Belgrade plotters risking civil war in south
By MICHAEL SMITH in Podgorica
Montenegro's President Milo Djukanovic has warned Serbia that any attempt to
overthrow his pro-Western Government would plunge the southern Yugoslav
republic into civil war.
On Sunday he accused the Serbian President, Mr Slobodan Milosevic, of trying
to "manipulate" the Yugoslav Army into staging a coup in Montenegro.
He denounced Mr Milosevic as "yesterday's man" and said it would be naive of
Mr Milosevic and the army to believe there could be a bloodless military
takeover in Montenegro.
Mr Djukanovic's Government can call on 10,000 policemen to defend it against
the 24,000 available to General Milorad Obradovic, the hardline army
commander who has been told to subjugate Montenegro.
But Mr Djukanovic said: "This would be a much more tragic and much more
profound conflict in Montenegro than simply one between the army and the
police. This would be a confrontation between the citizens, one against the
other, with all the passions and emotions of which people in this area are
capable." Montenegro is divided between those, mainly in the north, who feel
close affiliations to Serbia, and the staunchly pro-independence
southerners.
A product of the old communist political structures, Mr Djukanovic was a
Milosevic 'proteg�, first coming to prominence in 1991 during an earlier
attempt by Belgrade to snuff out Montenegro's urge for independence. He was
appointed the republic's prime minister - at 29 Europe's youngest - while Mr
Momir Bulatovic, his close friend, became its president.
But during 1996-97, when pro-democracy protests rocked Belgrade, Mr
Djukanovic turned reformer, breaking with Mr Milosevic and defeating Mr
Bulatovic in the subsequent presidential elections.
Since then, he has gradually turned his country towards the West and, during
the present crisis, has steered a careful course between Belgrade and NATO.
But his refusal to declare a state of war and his calls for young
Montenegrins to ignore call-up papers have infuriated Mr Milosevic and the
army. Mr Djukanovic said Mr Milosevic and Mr Bulatovic, now the Yugoslav
Prime Minister, were obsessed with toppling him by force. "I believe they
now intend to use the war situation to manipulate and use the army which,
under the pretext of a state of war, will engage in confrontation with the
civilian authorities and impose martial law. This would create the
conditions which, after the war, would allow Milosevic finally to achieve
his goal of reinstating the obedient Bulatovic to power in Montenegro."
Asked if 10,000 police could stand up to the army, Mr Djukanovic said: "I
don't think that such a potential situation should be reduced to a
confrontation between the army and police. The statehood, dignity and
freedom of Montenegro are not achievements to be defended by professional
policemen. These have always been causes that throughout Montenegro's
history have been defended by its citizens."
Although Mr Djukanovic has often been linked to calls for Montenegro to
become an independent state, he said he believed its future lay in a
Yugoslav federation founded on democratic values. - The Telegraph, London
>From SMH
Tuesday, April 13, 1999
BALKANS: THE SCENE
Still living free of the swastikas
Correspondent CHRIS BIRD decided to chance the bombs in his Belgrade home
After a bit of debate with friends and the sound of two cruise missiles
whizzing over our hotel woke us one night, we decided a stray bomb would be
as likely to fall on the soulless hotel building as our house, so we decided
to take our suitcases home.
True, people say there is a barracks nearby and one of the neighbouring
houses belongs to Mr Milosevic himself. The normal police guard has been
replaced by a tougher but no less polite crew, now in grey combat uniforms,
their radios crackling all night as NATO warplanes cruise invisibly but
audibly overhead. The chocolate box soldiers who guard the president's main
residence the next street up have swapped their royal blue tunics and shiny
leather boots for full combat gear, but they still march a measured step
with bayonets fixed to their rifles.
Coming home, I had a tiny fear a swastika might be daubed on the gatepost.
The NATO country embassies strung out along Kneza Mihaila street have had
Nazi symbols painted on the front of the buildings, and cultural centres
such as the British Council in the centre of the city have been vandalised.
"I have been trying to tell people that buildings are not to blame for
this," Mr Vojislav Mihailovic, Belgrade's mayor, told me apologetically last
week.
The house, like the Western diplomatic residences nearby, was untouched. The
ragged lawn was a riot of dandelions and daisies; the fruit trees were a
cloud of white blossom.
S, our household helper, turned up to work on the day I returned. "You have
to work and I have to work, war or no," she said, "although I can't promise
to come if they blow the bridges." S is special. Unlike most of her Orthodox
brethren, who celebrated Easter on Sunday in dark, candle-haunted churches
filled with plain chant, she is a Seventh Day Adventist. "This was written,
there will be troubles," she said, "and I have prayed for you." Her kidney
stones were still giving her pain but she said she would not take a hospital
bed from the wounded while the war was on.
Later in the morning D, an old friend called. I apologised for not having
telephoned and explained that I was not sure about calling because I didn't
want to get people into trouble.
"Don't be crazy," she said. "I was wondering how you were." Her beloved only
son has been called up by an army air defence unit. She had worried about it
for months ever since the October air strike threat but now she seemed
resigned to the fact.
We keep a low profile. Rather than try to get by in stilted Serbian, we
speak Russian to each other on the streets, where a delegation of Cossacks
in picturesque moustaches and Tsarist uniforms has been noisily swearing
brotherhood and Slav unity.
A colleague also resident here is braver than I am at confronting Belgraders
with the West's reasons for the bombings. Few people knew or wanted to know
what went on in Kosovo before the air strikes started, and it is hard to
square the kindness of friends and the genuine anger at the bombings with
the hundreds of thousands of ethnic Albanians expelled by Serbian forces in
the last two weeks.
Mr Milosevic told the population at the weekend they will have to work
harder to defeat the NATO bombing campaign.
A translator I have worked with has decided he cannot work now with a
British journalist. I know him well enough to know it is nothing personal
and think I know him well enough to know that he is deeply confused, like
many Belgraders, over what the bombing means for his country. - The Guardian
~~~~~~~~~~~~
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