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Eleanor Gibson, 92, a Pioneer in Perception Studies, Is Dead

January 4, 2003
By CARLA BARANAUCKAS






Dr. Eleanor J. Gibson, a psychology professor at Cornell
who made advances in the study of perception and learning
processes in children, died on Dec. 30 in Columbia, S.C.
She was 92.

Photographs of the "visual cliff," a device she developed
to study depth perception in infants and toddlers, are
still included in some psychology textbooks.

Dr. Gibson, then working as a research associate at
Cornell, and Dr. Richard Walk used the simulated cliff in
tests to show that babies could visually distinguish depth.


The cliff was "a wooden table from the edge of which strong
plate glass extended," Life magazine reported in 1959.

"Children were put on the table top and coaxed to crawl out
over the glass," the magazine said. "But when they got to
the edge of the cliff and looked down almost all of them
quickly withdrew. Even their mothers' most persuasive
urgings could not get them out."

Similar studies were done with animals, including rats and
kittens.

The findings indicated that perception is an essentially
adaptive process, or as Dr. Gibson put it, "We perceive to
learn, as well as learn to perceive."

Dr. Gibson also did pioneering work in the relationship of
perception and reading.

Eleanor Jack was born in Peoria, Ill. She received her
bachelor's degree from Smith in 1931 and her master's
degree in 1933. She earned her doctorate in psychology at
Yale in 1938.

Her marriage in 1932 to Dr. James J. Gibson, a psychology
professor who also conducted research on perception, was
both a help and a hindrance to her career.

They collaborated occasionally, but when he joined the
faculty of Cornell in 1949, she was unable to secure a
teaching post there because of anti-nepotism rules, which
were common in universities. So she worked as a research
associate at Cornell.

In 1965, after the rules changed, she was appointed to an
endowed chair as a professor of psychology, and the Gibsons
became one of the first married couples in a single
department at the university.

She also held academic appointments at the Center for
Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in Palo Alto,
Calif.; the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; the
Universities of Minnesota, South Carolina, Pennsylvania and
Connecticut; Emory and the Salk Institute.

In 1982, she was invited to Beijing to teach Chinese
psychologists about recent theories and techniques of
research.

Dr. Gibson was the author of five books, including the
memoir "Perceiving the Affordances: A Portrait of Two
Psychologists," published in 2001.

Recently, Dr. Gibson lived in Columbia.

Her husband died
in 1979. She is survived by a son, James J., also of
Columbia; a daughter, Jean Rosenberg of Middlebury, Vt.; a
sister, Emily Jack of Washington; and three grandchildren.

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/04/obituaries/04GIBS.html?ex=1042680628&ei=1&en=252e1623b011f4ca



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