-Caveat Lector-
The History of The Jewish Khazars:
"...Our first question here is, When did the Khazars and the Khazar name
appear? There has been considerable discussion as to the relation of the Khazars to
the Huns on the one hand and to the West Turks on the other. The prevalent opinion has
for some time been that the Khazars emerged from the West Turkish empire.
"Early references to the Khazars appear about the time when the West Turks
cease to be mentioned. Thus they are reported to have joined forces with the Greek
Emperor Heraclius against the Persians in A.D. 627 and to have materially assisted him
in the siege of Tiflis. it is a question whether the Khazars were at this time under
West Turk supremacy. The chronicler Theophanes {died circa A.D. 818} who tells the
story introduces them as ‘the Turks from the east whom they call Khazars.'...
"A similar discussion on the merits of the different races is reported from
the days before Muhammad, in which the speakers are the Arab Nu'man ibn-al-Mudhir of
al-Hirah and Khusraw Anushirwan. The Persian gives his opinion that the Greeks,
Indians, and Chinese are superior to the Arabs and so also, in spite of their low
material standards of life, the Turks and the Khazars, who at least possess an
organization under their kings.
"Here again the Khazars are juxtaposed with the great nations of the east. It
is consonant with this that tales were told of how ambassadors from the Chinese, the
Turks, and the Khazars were constantly at Khusraw's gate, (Tabari, i, 899. According
to ibn-Khurdadhbih, persons wishing access to the Persian court from the country of
the Khazars and the Alans were detained at Bab al-Abwab (B.G.A. vi, 135)) and even
that he kept three thrones of gold in his palace, which were never removed and on
which none sat, reserved for the kings of Byzantium, China and the Khazars.
"In general, the material in the Arabic and Persian writers with regard to the
Khazars in early times falls roughly into three groups, centering respectively round
the names of (a) one or other of the Hebrew patriarchs, (b) Alexander the Great, and
(c) certain of the Sassanid kings, especially, Anushirwan and his immediate successors.
"A typical story of the first group is given by Ya'qubi in his History. After
the confusion of tongues at Babel (Genesis 10:18; 11:19); the descendants of Noah came
to Peleg (Genesis 10:25; 11:16-19; 1 Chronicles 1:19; 1:25), son of Eber (Genesis
10:21; 10:24-25; 11:14-17; Numbers 24:24; 1 Chronicles 1:18-19; 1:25; 8:12; Nehemiah
12:20), and asked him to divide (Genesis 10:5; 10:25; 10:32; Exodus 14:21; Deuteronomy
4:19; 32:8; 1 Chronicles 1:19) the earth among them. He apportioned to the descendants
of Japheth (Genesis 5:32; 6:10; 7:13; 9:18; 9:23; 9:27; 10:1-2; 10:21; 1 Chronicles
1:4-5) - China, Hind, Sind, the country of the Turks and that of the Khazars, as well
as Tibet, the country of the (Volga) Bulgars, Daylam, and the country neighboring on
Khurasan. In another passage Ya'qubi gives a kind of sequel to this. Peleg having
divided the earth in this fashion (Genesis 10:25; 11:16-19; 1 Chronicles 1:19; 1:25),
the descendants of ‘Amur ibn-Tubal (Genesis 10:2; 1 Chronicles 1:5; Isaiah 66:19;
Ezekiel 27:13; 32:26; 38:2-3; 39:1), a son of Japheth, went out to the northeast. One
group, the descendants of Togarmah (Genesis 10:3; 1 Chronicles 1:6; Ezekiel 27:14;
38:6), proceeding farther north, were scattered in different countries and became a
number of kingdoms, among them the Burjan (Bulgars), Alans, Khazars (Ashkenaz Genesis
10:3), and Armenians. Similarly, according to Tabari, there were born to Japheth Jim-r
the Biblical Gomer (Genesis 10:2-3; 1 Chronicles 1:5-6; Ezekiel 38:6; Hosea 1:3),
Maw'-‘ (read Mawgh-gh), Magog (Genesis 10:2; 1 Chronicles 1:5; Ezekiel 38:2; 39:6;
Revelation 20:8), Mawday Madai (Genesis 10:2; 1 Chronicles 1:5), Yawan (Javan)
(Genesis 10:2; 10:4; 1 Chronicles 1:5; 1:7; Isaiah 66:19; Ezekiel 27:13; 27:19),
Thubal (Tubal), Mash-j (read Mash-kh), Meshech (Genesis 10:2; 1 Chronicles 1:15; 1:17;
Ezekiel 27:13; 32:26; 38:2-3; 39:1) and Tir-sh (Tiras). (Genesis 10:2; 1 Chronicles
1:5) Of the descendants of the last were the Turks and the Khazars (Ashkenaz). There
is possibly an association he
defeated by the Arabs in 119/737, (H.A.R. Gibb, Arab Conquests in Central Asia,
London 1923, 83ff. Cf. Chapter IV, n. 96) and disappeared as a ruling group in the
same century.
"Tabari says curiously that of the descendants of Mawgh-gh (Magog) were Yajuj
and Majuj, adding that these are to the east of the Turks and Khazars. This
information would invalidate Zeki Validi's attempt to identify Gog and Magog in the
Arabic writers with the Norwegians.
"The name Mash-kh (Meshech) is regarded by him as probably a singular to the
classical Massagetai (Massag-et). A Bashmakov emphasizes the connection of ‘Meshech'
with the Khazars, to establish his theory of the Khazars, not as Turks from inner
Asia, but what he calls a Japhetic or Alarodian group from south of the Caucasus.
"Evidently there is no stereotyped form of this legendary relationship of the
Khazars to Japheth. The Taj-al-Artis says that according to some they are the
descendants of Kash-h (? Mash-h or Mash-kh, for Meshech), son of Japheth, and
according to others both the Khazars and the Saqalibah are sprung from Thubal (Tubal).
Further, we read of Balanjar ibn-Japheth in ibn-al-Faqih and Abu-al-Fida' as
the founder of the town of Balanjar. Usage leads one to suppose that this is
equivalent to giving Balanjar a separate racial identity. In historical times Balanjar
was a well-known Khazar center, which is even mentioned by Masudi as their capital.
"It is hardly necessary to cite more of these Japheth stories. Their JEWISH
ORIGIN IS priori OBVIOUS, and Poliak has drawn attention to one version of the
division of the earth, where the Hebrew words for ‘north' and ‘south' actually appear
in the Arabic text. The Iranian cycle of legend had a similar tradition, according to
which the hero Afridun divided the earth among his sons, Tuj (sometimes Tur, the
eponym of Turan), Salm, and Iraj.
"Some people, once they adopt an idea, bury it in the ground
and go on the rest of their lives defending it, without ever
re-examining it to see whether time and the elements have
caused it to decay into a worthless handful of dust. In that
way you can be always consisten; and often wrong." (Raymond
Clapper)
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