From Circle of Fear by Hussein
Sumaida, 1991, Brasseys
"Saddam still intended to be
the God of the Dead. There were other nuclear projects at Hammam Ali and
Irbil, which were to the west, nearer Mosul. Just to be sure, Saddam was
still manufacturing other forms of death: nerve gas, mustard gas,
typhoid. And the most deadly germ of them all, anthrax. There were
chemical facilities around Baghdad, at Madain, Samarra and Al
Qaaim.
"Just about everyone in Baghdad
knew about a mysterious Canadian scientist who was one of the key men on the
chemical-weapons program. They would point out his expensive house, which
was near the home of the old Mukhabarat chief Barazan in the Al Jadriya
district, on the peninsula that jutted out into the river. He lived there
with his family, constantly guarded by security men supplied by the
government. The scientist was a friend of that other Canadian who had been
so vital to Saddam's war schemes, Gerald Bull.
"Bull was still working on the
Supergun. But the modified Howitzers were being adapted to carry what we
called Binaries. Special chemical warheads, they carried two different
chemicals that, when exploded together, reacted with each other to create
lethal gases. They were being developed by Bull's Canadian friend.
At least that was the commonly held belief inside the
Mukhabarat.
"The ultimate target was, as
usual, Israel.
"The chemical projects were
field-tested on whole villages of Kurdish men, women and children. The
first tests were primitive, but effective. They simply flew over in Soviet
Ilyushin transport planes and rolled barrels of the stuff out the side. On
impact, chemicals in separate compartments combined to form lethal gases.
"By March 16, 1988, the Iraqis
had refined the process and tried out chemical bombs on the Kurds. The
entire village of Halabja was wiped out in seconds. Other villages nearby
were treated to a similar fate from the long-range Howitzers. This mass
killing did not come to the world's attention until after the ceasefire between
Iran and Iraq in July 1988.
"The Kurds were Saddam's
whipping boys. He had his military officers use them as practice targets
for cluster bombs imported from Chile, then for modified cluster bombs called
Siggils, fired by multimissle launchers. The Ababil missle was tried out
to see what radius of killing field it would produce. It was a roaring
success.
"In a more traditional
exercise, Saddam had his gunships wipe out thirty-six villages in the Imadya
sectior in the north, leaving not one survivor. And then special units
were sent in to demolish what little was left of the frail litttle village
houses. Eventually they annihilated every village within thirty kilometers
of the Iranian and Turkish borders. The war was the excuse for this
slaughter. The Kurds were to be wiped out in order to create a
no-mans-land along the border. Then, to prevent resettlement, the whole
area was mined.
"Saddam couldn't get to the
Jews. So he contented himself in the meantime with the genocide of the
Kurds. The world said virtually nothing. In the summer of
1988, the Kurds were again the guinea pigs for biological weapons. The
military scientists tried out their typhoid virus, but for reasons that remain
obscure, it was not a success.
"Biological warfare plants were
build in Al Kut and Suwera, both to the southwest of Baghdad along the
Tigris. I was never sure what they were busy cooking up in Al Kut,
but at Suwera, I knew, they nurtured typhoid. A friend of mine who worked
neraby at the technical college came to visit one day and recounted with glee
the latest accident at the Suwera typhoid plant." pages
238-9
"Saddam deported, tortured and
killed opposition among the Shi'a. The gassing of the Kurds, another group
who might have arisen against him, is also well-known. The actions of the
Mukhabarat against the Kurds is less well known. The Mukhabarat used
to send a female agent to sell a popular homemade yogurt to the Kurds. The
yogurt, contaminated with cyanide or rat poison, would kill everyone who ate
it. This was also done in Europe, to kill those judged to be a threat to
Saddam. It was an alternative to the infamous "diplomatic
box."
"Members of the Da'wah, Kurds,
rebellious party members and military officers who offered competition to
Saddam, all had been eliminated. They were delivered in boxes to their
front doors after being gassed, shot, bombed or beheaded by a helicopter
blade." page 209.
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