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Volcanologists have been tracking the movement of magma under [Yellowstone] Park and have calculated that the ground in places has risen over 70 centimetres, almost two and a half feet, indicating a massive swelling underneath.
"The impact of a Yellowstone [supervolcano] eruption would be terrifying beyond belief," says Professor McGuire. "The explosion would be the loudest noise ever heard by man. Magma would be flung 50 kilometres into the atmosphere. Within a thousand kilometres, virtually all life would be killed by falling ash, lava flows, and the sheer explosive force of the eruption.
"One thousand cubic kilometres of lava would pour out of the volcano -- enough to cover the whole of North America with a layer five inches thick."
The long-term effects would be even more devastating.
The thousands of cubic kilometres of ash that would shoot into the atmosphere would block out light from the sun, making global temperatures collapse. A large percentage of the world's plant life would be killed by the ash and the drop in temperature. The resulting change in the world's climate would devastate the planet.
Michael Rampino, a geologist at New York University, explained in a BBC Horizon documentary on Supervolcanoes: "It's difficult to imagine an eruption this big. It's really not a question of IF it'll go off, it's a question of WHEN, because sooner or later one of these large super eruptions WILL happen."
Professor McGuire says "There's nowhere to hide from a supervolcano. One day -- perhaps tomorrow, perhaps in 50 years, perhaps in 10,000 -- it will erupt, wreaking devastation across the North American continent and bringing the bitter cold of Volcanic Winter to Planet Earth. Mankind may become extinct."
So, the rumblings currently going on underneath Yellowstone should be a warning not just to those who plan to visit the National Park, but to the whole world. If the increased thermal activity is the precursor to the eruption of a supervolcano, we may well be on the brink of the biggest catastrophe the modern world has ever witnessed.
Published in the Daily Express.
10 September 2003. www.ctrl.org DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply.Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. ======================================================================== Archives Available at:
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--- Begin Message ----Caveat Lector- Subj: Why the U.N. Rejected Bush's Request for Help in Iraq (on U.S. Terms) Date: 03-09-15 17:45:29 EDThttp://www.alternet.org/story.html%3FStoryID%3D16771 Betrayal of Trust By George Lakoff, AlterNet September 15, 2003 The question of the L-word keeps coming up. Did the president and his chief advisors lie? I think this is the wrong question to be asking. The real issue is betrayal of trust. The president has been criticized for using the following as justifications for the Iraq war. We went to war in Iraq because Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction that threatened us. He was reconstituting his nuclear weapons programs (the aluminum tubes, the uranium from Africa). He had huge stocks of chemical and biological weapons that could be launched quickly in aerial vehicles that threatened the U.S. Saddam was working with Al Qaeda. Iraqis had "trained Al Qaeda members in bomb-making and poisons and deadly gases." It appears these were all falsehoods. The tubes couldn't be used for enriching uranium, there was no uranium anyway, and no reconstituted nuclear weapons programs. The vast stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons have not been found, and would be well past their use-date anyway. The aerial delivery vehicles could not go more that a few hundred miles and could not threaten the U.S. There is no evidence that Saddam had anything to do with the Al Qaeda attack on the U.S., or that there was any cooperation between Saddam and Al Qaeda, although 70 percent of Americans believe it, according to a recent Washington Post poll, and perhaps a higher percentage of men and women in the military. President Bush's speech on September 7 used language that had the same implications. [We] "acted first in Afghanistan, by destroying training camps of terror, and removing the regime that harbored Al Qaeda. ... And we acted in Iraq, where the former regime sponsored terror, possessed and used weapons of mass destruction ... Two years ago, I told the Congress and the country that the war on terror would be a lengthy war, a different kind of war, fought on many fronts in many places. Iraq is now the central front." Here is the impression that a great many Americans have been left with, especially our men and women in the military and their families: We went to war in Iraq, first, to defend our country against terrorists, second, to liberate that country -- selflessly, at great sacrifice, not out of self-interest. These are false impressions, and the president continues to create and reinforce them. Are they lies -- or are they merely exaggerations, misleading statements, mistakes, rhetorical excesses, and so on. Linguists study such matters. The most startling finding is that, in considering whether a statement is a lie, the least important consideration for most people is whether it is true! The more important considerations are: Did he believe it? Did he intend to deceive? Was he trying to gain some advantage or to harm someone else? Is it a serious matter, or a trivial one? Is it "just" a matter of political rhetoric? Most people will grant that, even if the statement happened to be false, if he believed it, wasn't trying to deceive, and was not trying to gain advantage or harm any one, then there was no lie. If it was a lie in the service of a good cause, then it was a white lie. If it was based on faulty information, then it was an honest mistake. If it was just there for emphasis, then it was an exaggeration. These have been among the administration's defenses. The good cause: liberating Iraq. The faulty information: from the CIA. The emphasis: enthusiasm for a great cause. Even though there is evidence that the President and his advisers knew the information was false, they can deflect the use of the L-word. The falsehoods have been revealed and they, in themselves, do not matter much to most people. But lying, in itself, is not and should not be the issue. The real issue is a betrayal of trust. Our democratic institutions require trust. When the president asks Congress to consent to war -- the most difficult moral judgment it can make -- Congress must be able to trust the information provided by the administration. When the President asks our fighting men and women to put their lives on the line for a reason, they must be able to trust that the reason he has given is true. It is a betrayal of trust for the president to ask our soldiers to risk their lives under false pretenses. And when the president asks the American people to spend money that could be used for schools, for health care, for helping desperate people, for rebuilding decaying infrastructure, and for economic stimulation in hard times, it is a betrayal of trust for the president to give false impressions. It is telling what was not in the President's September 7 speech. He sought help from other nations, but he refused to relinquish control over the shaping of Iraq's military, political, and economic future. It was to a large extent the issue of such control that lay behind the U.N. Security Council's refusal to participate in the American attack and occupation. The reason for the resentment against the U.S., both in Europe and elsewhere, stemmed from a widespread perception that American interests really lay behind the invasion of Iraq. Those interests are: control over the Iraqi economy by American corporations, the political shaping of Iraq to suit U.S. economic and strategic interests, military bases to enhance U.S. power in the Middle East, reconstruction profits to U.S. corporations, control over the future of the second largest oil supply in the world, and refining and marketing profits for U.S. and British oil companies. The 'Iraqi people' would get profits only from the sale of crude, and those profits would go substantially to pay American companies like Halliburton for reconstruction. In other words, it looks like the war was a war for the long-term U.S. control of the Middle East and for the self-interest of American corporations, and not a selfless war of liberation. We see this in the administration arguments that, since the U.S. has shed the blood of its soldiers and spent billions, it is entitled to such spoils of war. The argument is an investment argument: The war was an expensive investment and the U.S. deserves the return on the investment of lives and money. Such arguments make the war look like much more than mere self-defense and a selfless war of liberation. If the real rationale for the Iraq War has been self-interested control over oil resources, the regional economy, political influence, and military bases -- if it was not self-defense and not selfless liberation, then President Bush betrayed the trust of our soldiers, the Congress, and the American people. Mere lying is a minor matter when BETRAYAL is the issue. www.ctrl.org DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. ======================================================================== Archives Available at: http://www.mail-archive.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/ <A HREF="http://www.mail-archive.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/">ctrl</A> ======================================================================== To subscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SUBSCRIBE CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] To UNsubscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SIGNOFF CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Om-Caveat Lector- 1¾ « È! E J J J J J K http://www.onlinejournal.com/Special_Reports/091103Gurney/091103gurney.html A Monster Awakens? By Ian Gurney © Copyright: Ian Gurney. June 2003. 9-10-3 "In the heart of America lies a monster that could destroy life on earth." Part of America's Yellowstone National Park was closed to visitors on July 23rd this year and remains closed today due to high ground temperatures and increased thermal activity in the park. National Park Superintendent Suzanne Lewis said that, "A portion of the Norris Geyser Basin on the west side of the park has been closed." On August 7th, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) reported that scientists were planning to set up a temporary network of seismographs, Global Positioning System receivers and thermometers to monitor increasing hydrothermal activity in the Norris Geyser Basin and gauge the risk of a hydrothermal explosion. On August 10th, the Denver Post reported that Liz Morgan, a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist had discovered a huge bulge underneath Yellowstone Lake that had risen 100 feet from the lake floor. The bulge is two thousand feet long and has the potential to explode at any time. Morgan was quoted as saying that, "The inflated plain is a potential and serious hazard and possible precursor to a large hydrothermal explosion event." Then, on August 24th, the University of Utah Seismograph Station reported that a magnitude 4.4 earthquake occurred just 9 miles southeast of the southern entrance to Yellowstone National Park. USGS scientists agreed that the earthquake was "uncommon" in that it was a very shallow earthquake, occuring just 0.3 miles below the surface. Jacob Lowenstern, a researcher for the U.S. Geological Survey and scientist-in-charge of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory said: "Our goal is to understand what's driving this volcanic system, and are there indications it could be moving into a period of unrest?" This worrying situation was confirmed on September 8th, by Dr. Bruce Cornet, a geologist and paleobotanist with the USGS, who explained: "Steam pressure is apparently building again in Yellowstone, and hydrothermal fluids and steam are working their way up through fractures and vents. If more steam vents appear, that means a continuous pathway for pressure release has been established to the magma chamber. If that happens, the pressure in the magma chamber will continue to drop until it reaches a critical stage when the superheated water within the magma explodes. Unfortunately, as the steam venting subsides, there will be a false sense of security. People will think it was just another cyclical event, and the danger is over. But that will be the farthest from the truth. It will be the quiet before the storm." Initially this should be of little or no consequence to anyone apart from those planning to visit Yellowstone -- except for one thing. Lurking beneath Yellowstone National Park is one of the most destructive natural phenomena in the world -- a massive super-volcano. Only a handful exist in the world but when one erupts the explosion will be heard around the globe. The sky will darken, black acid rain will fall, and the Earth will be plunged into the equivalent of a nuclear winter. It could push humanity to the brink of extinction. Volcanoes have always been a threat to humanity. The Tambora eruption in Indonesia in 1815 killed more than 90,000 people, while the Krakatau eruption in 1883, also in Indonesia, killed 36,000. The last super-volcano to erupt was Toba in Sumatra 74,000 years ago. It created a global catastrophe that dramatically affected life on Earth. Toba blasted so much ash and sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere that it blocked out the sun, causing the Earth's temperature to plummet, and possibly reducing the population on Earth to just a few thousand people. For a long time, scientists have known that volcanic ash can affect the global climate. The fine ash and sulphur dioxide blasted into the stratosphere reflects solar radiation back into space and stops sunlight reaching the planet. Temperatures drop dramatically and nothing grows, causing mass starvation. Bill McGuire, professor of geohazards at the Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre at University College London, says that America's Yellowstone Park is one of the largest and most dangerous supervolcanoes in the world. "The Yellowstone volcano can be likened to a sleeping dragon," says Professor McGuire, "whose slow breathing brings repeated swelling and sinking of the Earth's crust in northern Wyoming and southern Montana." Professor McGuire went on to explain that: "Many supervolcanoes are not typical hill-shaped structures but huge, collapsed craters called "calderas" that are filled with hot magma and are harder to detect. The Yellowstone supervolcano was detected in the 60s, when infra-red satellite photographs revealed a magma-filled caldera 85km long and 45km wide. It has been on a regular eruption cycle of 600,000 years. The last eruption was 640,000 years ago, so the next is long overdue." Volcanologists have been tracking the movement of magma under the park and have calculated that in parts of Yellowstone the ground has risen over seventy centimetres, almost two and a half feet, since 1923, indicating a massive swelling underneath the park. "The impact of a Yellowstone eruption is terrifying to comprehend." says Professor McGuire. "Magma would be flung 50 kilometres into the atmosphere. Within a thousand kilometres, virtually all life would be killed by falling ash, lava flows, and the sheer explosive force of the eruption. One thousand cubic kilometres of lava would pour out of the volcano, enough to coat the whole of the USA with a layer five-inches-thick. The explosion would be the loudest noise heard by man for 75,000 years." The long-term effects would be even more devastating. The thousands of cubic kilometres of ash that would shoot into the atmosphere would block out light from the sun, making global temperatures collapse. This is called a nuclear winter. A large percentage of the world's plant life would be killed by the ash and the drop in temperature. The resulting change in the world's climate would devastate the planet, and scientists know that another eruption is due -- they just don't know when. Michael Rampino, a geologist at New York University, quoted in a BBC Horizon documentary on Supervolcanoes three years ago explained: "It's difficult to conceive of an eruption this big. It's really not a question of if it'll go off, it's a question of when, because sooner or later one of these large super eruptions will happen." Professor McGuire says "There's nowhere to hide from the effects of a supervolcano. One day -- perhaps tomorrow, perhaps in 50 years, perhaps in 10,000 -- it will erupt; once again wreaking devastation across the North American continent and bringing the bitter cold of Volcanic Winter to Planet Earth. Mankind may become extinct." So, the rumblings currently going on underneath Yellowstone should be a warning not just to those who plan to visit the National Park, but to the whole world. If the increased thermal activity is the precursor to an eruption event, we may well be on the brink of the biggest catastrophe the modern world has ever witnessed. Published in the Daily Express. 10 September 2003. Research Links: http://www.nps.gov/yell/press/0362.htm http://www.nps.gov/yell/press/0373.htm ** http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/new.html#bulge http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,1413,36%257E53%257E1561852,00.html http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/monitoring.html http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20030904/ap_on_sc/geyser_guessing http://www.earthchangestv.com/breaking/2003/september_2003/08yellowstone.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/1999/supervolcanoes_script.shtml Map of Past Eruptions: http://www.news.wisc.edu/newsphotos/images/volano_lg.jpg More information on Yellowstone Volcano: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/new.html Maps and Photos: http://www.nps.gov/yell/tours/norris/index.htm [Ian Gurney is a journalist, broadcaster, and author of the bestseller "The Cassandra Prophecy" (www.caspro.com) published by International Global Press. ISBN 0953581314. He can be contacted at: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "An open mind is like an open window. It lets the fresh air in."-- Mike Hernacki canoes are not typical hill-shaped structures but huge, € È! w È! , € Î ÿÿâ ÿÿñ ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿ! ÿÿ ÿÿº ÿÿ ÿÿù ÿÿ ÿÿ! ÿÿ´ ÿÿ" ÿÿ ÿÿ# ÿÿ ÿÿ# ÿÿ" ÿÿ# ÿÿ # % ÿÿS ÿÿ ÿÿb ÿÿ ÿÿu ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿÝ ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿŽ ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿw ÿÿ ÿÿ| ÿÿ ÿÿ# ÿÿ # u ÿÿ% ÿÿ' ÿÿf ÿÿ) ÿÿ¶ ÿÿ* ÿÿ ÿÿ* ÿÿ* ÿÿN ÿÿP ÿÿr ÿÿ‰ ÿÿ‹ ÿÿž ÿÿÈ ÿÿó ÿÿ& ÿÿ7 ÿÿ 7 q ÿÿ¢ ÿÿú ÿÿ; ÿÿJ ÿÿ” ÿÿ– ÿÿ¯ ÿÿì ÿÿ ÿÿB ÿÿU ÿÿ‡ ÿÿ‰ ÿÿ ! ÿÿN! ÿÿb! ÿÿd! ÿÿu! ÿÿÈ! ÿÿ È! Ê! ÿÿ¢ ÿÿú ÿÿ; ÿÿJ ÿÿ” ÿÿ– ÿÿ¯ ÿÿì ÿÿ ÿÿB ÿÿU ÿÿ‡ ÿÿ‰ ÿÿ ! ÿÿN! ÿÿb! ÿÿd! ÿÿu! ÿÿÈ! ÿÿ Arial ere. Within a thousand kilometres, virtually all life would be killed by fallin www.ctrl.org DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. ======================================================================== Archives Available at: http://www.mail-archive.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/ <A HREF="http://www.mail-archive.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/">ctrl</A> ======================================================================== To subscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SUBSCRIBE CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] To UNsubscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SIGNOFF CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Om g ash, lava flows, and the sheer ex
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