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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/01/26/BUG3M4GVDS1.DTL
Google targeted by pranksters
Web site operators, bloggers skew results

Verne Kopytoff, Chronicle Staff Writer
  Monday, January 26, 2004

Who among the many candidates running for president is unelectable? George
W. Bush -- if the search results on Google can be believed.

His biography is the first result to appear on Google for the Web query
"unelectable." It's just one in a long list of similarly bizarre results on
the search engine over the years that arethe result of manipulation, not
their relevance.

Called Google bombs, these are pranks engineered by Web site operators and
creators of Web logs. They take advantage of the way Google ranks search
results to get certain Web sites listed higher for specific queries than
they otherwise would be.

That's why President Bush's biography also appears as the top result for the
search query "miserable failure."

In another example, entering the phrase "French military victories" and
hitting the "I'm Feeling Lucky" key returns a satirical Web site that looks
like a Google page and asks, "Did you mean French military defeats?"

Google's response to the bombs -- which have increased in frequency during
the presidential campaign -- is generally laissez-faire, according to Peter
Norvig, the company's director of search quality. Though aware of many of
the manipulations, he doesn't consider them to be a major problem.

"It's not a big issue," Norvig said. "We could spend our time taking care of
these one at a time, but we don't think it's worth our while."

Google, the search leader based in Mountain View, determines the order of
search results using an algorithm that weighs many factors. One is examining
the number of links pointed to a particular Web site under the theory that
the more links, the more important that site probably is.

Words are another important consideration. The algorithm scans text that
appears on the Web site in question and on those that link to it.

With modest computer skills, Google bombers can manipulate those
calculations. They usually follow the pattern set by George Johnson, a
computer programmer in Bellevue, Wash., who was behind the "miserable
failure" strike against President Bush.

In October, Johnson, a Democrat, added the phrase "miserable failure" to his
Web site, Old Fashioned Patriot. He then linked the site to the online White
House biography of President Bush and asked others to follow his lead.

Beginning last fall, anyone who typed "miserable failure" into Google got
Bush's White House biography as the top result. The anomaly made the
headlines around the globe.

"I didn't think it was going to go anywhere," Johnson said. "I was surprised
and glad. It was fun to see it take off."

Conservatives wanted revenge. They fought back by launching their own bombs
against several leading liberals.

A query of "miserable failure" now finds them listed just under President
Bush. They are former President Jimmy Carter, author and filmmaker Michael
Moore and Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y.

The history of Google bombing goes back to at least 1999, when Microsoft
became a target because of its dominance of the software industry. Anyone
who entered the query "More evil than Satan" got Microsoft's Web site as the
top result.

A few other bombs have come and gone since then. Most have had a limited
shelf life.

The fickleness is partly due to the nature of Web logs, or blogs, an
important force behind Google bombing. They are frequently updated with new
material, causing the bomb terms entered on their pages to scroll off into
oblivion.

Google isn't the only Internet bombing range. Other search engines routinely
fall victim, though some appear to be less vulnerable.

For example, the top result for "unelectable" on Lycos, the Web portal, is
Howard Dean's presidential campaign Web site. But AskJeeves, based in
Emeryville, offers what appears to be a top result untainted by bombing -- a
newspaper article about the mayor of Philadelphia that actually contains the
word "unelectable."

Norvig said Google's only concern about bombs is that people think it is
biased. A small number of users have complained about the anomalies.

"It is a problem, to the extent that people think that it is a political
stand that Google is endorsing," Norvig said.

Some of the grumbling was over the bomb "weapons of mass destruction," which
exploded on Google last summer. The top link for that phrase looks like an
error message and is titled "These weapons of mass destruction cannot be
displayed," obviously, a criticism of the war in Iraq.

Google bombs seldom work for popular search terms. There's too much
competition for items like "United Airlines," "Lord of the Rings" and "DVD
players."

Danny Sullivan, founder of SearchEngineWatch.com, a Web site that tracks the
search engine industry, said he believes that Google users are seldom
inconvenienced by bombing, but that the practice might damage Google, the
company.

"The kind of bombing that gets attention, by and large, doesn't have an
impact on a lot of users," Sullivan said. "But it does on Google's
reputation."

Sullivan is more worried about commercial bombing -- sometimes called "money
bombing" -- on Google. Small-time retailers often use bomb-like techniques
to skew search results and get listed ahead of their competition.

"It's a kind of Google bombing that people don't know is happening,"
Sullivan said. "But it has more impact than the more notorious Google bomb
examples and is creating link pollution."

In a notorious case, Google penalized the rankings of an array of commercial
Web sites that had linked together under the guidance of Search King, an
Internet advertising firm in Oklahoma City. Search King unsuccessfully sued
Google in federal court in 2002, alleging financial harm and demanding that
the original Web site rankings be restored.

Norvig said his firm frequently adjusts its algorithm to engineer more
reliable results. But Sullivan believes that Google may ultimately be forced
to de-emphasize the importance of links in its calculations to avoid
manipulation.

"Google is trying to do something about bombing, but I honestly don't think
they'll ever be able to do enough," Sullivan said.

----------------------

Google bombing
Web site operators and bloggers have engineered a series of pranks over the
years that manipulate Google's search results. Here are a few examples of
results users got at one point last week when performing searches on these
keywords:

"Unelectable" -- Biography of President Bush

"Miserable failure" -- Biography of President Bush (followed by biographies
of former President Jimmy Carter, author and filmmaker Michael Moore and
Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton)

"Weapons of mass destruction" -- Page mimicking an error message that said,
"These weapons of mass destruction cannot be displayed" and that advised
visitors to "check your weapons inspector settings," among other things.

"French military victories" -- Page mimicking Google that returned not one
hit and asked, "Did you mean: French military defeats?"

Source: Chronicle research

E-mail Verne Kopytoff at
[EMAIL PROTECTED]






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www.ctrl.org
DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER
==========
CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic
screeds are unwelcomed. Substanceâ??not soap-boxingâ??please!   These are
sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'â??with its many half-truths, mis-
directions and outright fraudsâ??is used politically by different groups with
major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought.
That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and
always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no
credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply.

Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector.
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