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--- Begin Message --- -Caveat Lector- from:
http://boodleboys.blogspot.com/2006/02/inside-covert-operations-of-cia.html
University of Wisconsin professor Alfred McCoy says that during the more than ten years of CIA covert support for the mujahideen resistance, the Bush-Reagan Administration and the mainstream media said almost nothing about the involvement of leading Afghan guerrillas and Pakistan military in the heroin traffic.
McCoy tracks the relationship between the CIA and the narcotics trade in Afghanistan and Pakistan to a May 1979 meeting at Peshawar in Pakistan's Northwest Frontier province between a CIA envoy and Afghan resistance leaders chosen by Pakistan's ISI (Inter Service Intelligence). The ISI was said to offer an alliance with its own Afghan client, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, leader of the small Hezbii Islamic group, rather than a broad spectrum of resistance leaders (The Progressive, July 1991).
It's never been fully explained why, but when Reagan and Bush took office Pakistan-U.S. relations soared. More than $3 billion in U.S. aid, including F-I 6 fighter jets, flowed to General Zia's army. In return, Zia allowed the CIA to open an electronic intelligence station in northern Pakistan aimed at the Soviet Union. This enabled U.S. spy flights over the Indian Ocean from Pakistani air bases near the Persian Gulf.
With CIA and Pakistani support, Hekmatyar became Afghanistan's leading drug trafficker. In May 1990, the Washington Post published a series of articles explaining how the United States had ignored Afghan complaints of heroin trafficking by Hekmatyar. The newspaper reported that Hekmatyar commanders close to the ISI ran laboratories in southwest Pakistan and that ISI cooperated in its heroin operations.
McCoy says that during the time the mujahideen were being supported by the CIA, their opium harvest doubled to 575 tons. Once these mujahideen elements brought the opium across the border, they sold it to Pakistani heroin refineries operating under the Pakistani government's protection (The Progressive, July 1991).
In September 1985 the Pakistani newspaper The Herald reported: "The drug is carried in National Logistics Cell [part of the Pakistani Army] trucks, which come sealed from the Northwest Frontier and are never checked by the police."
Drug Enforcement Agency officials admitted that the shipment of CIA weapons into Pakistan played a key role in allowing the trade in heroin to flourish. No heroin was refined in Pakistan before 1979 but now Pakistan produces and exports "more heroin than the rest of the world combined," one agent told the Philadelphia Inquirer (February 28th, 1988).
The free flow of heroin had a devastating effect on the Pakistani people. Addiction rose to 5000 in. 1980, to 70,000 in 1983, and to more than 1.3 million by 1985. At more than $10 million in sales made each year from the sale of heroin, it was larger than Pakistan's governmental budget and equal to more than one quarter of the gross national product.
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