-Caveat Lector-


Begin forwarded message:

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: June 14, 2007 11:40:02 AM PDT
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Western Research into "Targeted" Bioweapons Scares Russia

Russians Fear Targeted Bioweapons,

Ban Human Tissue Export




http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=1066
The Russian Federal Customs Service (FSB) has banned the export from the country of all human medical biological materials, from hair to blood samples, as of May 28th.

According to the Russian newspaper Kommersant, the ban was prompted by a report submitted to Vladimir Putin that alleges "genetically engineered biological weapons" are under development in the West. The report was prepared by the FSB after investigation of the medical facilities in Russia that participate in research trials in association with Western pharmaceutical companies and universities.


According to the source, the report thus characterizes the situation in the market for clinical trials: several large Western medical centers that receive shipments of biological materials from Russia are said to be involved in the development of "genetically engineered biological weapons" for use against the Russian population. The list of organizations purportedly working on the project includes the Harvard School of Public Health, the American International Health Alliance, the Environment and Natural Resources Division of the US Department of Justice, the Swedish Karolinska Institute and Agency for International Development, and the Indian Genome Institute. Kommersant's source reported that the report contains a wealth of fantastical details about the development of "ethnically oriented" biological weapons capable of rendering Russia's population sterile and even killing it off. Many of the institutions named in the report already deny any participation in weapons research. The ban is also being protested by the many Russian institutions that participate in medical testing and research. At present, about 28,000 Russians take part, mostly by agreeing to be test subjects for pharmaceutical companies. The clinical trial market in Russia is worth as much as $150 million annually.

The idea that it might be possible to create bioweapons that are specifically targeted to particular populations has been explored by science fiction writers. Frank Herbert, in his 1982 novel The White Plague, writes about a molecular biologist who loses his wife and family to an IRA bomb, and engineers a plague virus that targets and kills only women.

More recently, sf writer Greg Bear wrote about the same concerns in his newly released book Quantico. In the novel, investigators become concerned that terrorist organizations are developing bioweapons that target only specific populations. His fictional investigators make use of a hand-held biohazard analyzer called a "WAGD" to detect traces:


She had yet to bring out her WAGD - pronounced Wag-Dee, for Wright Assay Germ Detector - a biohazard analyzer the size and shape of a large magic marker. ...She reached into her coat pocket and pulled out a WAGD, hiding most of it in her palm and up her sleeve, then swiftly uncapped it ... and ran the moist gel tip along the inside... She capped and pocketed the device...
(Read more about the WAGD biohazard analyzer.)

This fictional device now has a real-life counterpart - NASA's LOCAD-PTS Handheld Microorganism Detector.

Read more about the ban at Kommersant--

http://www.kommersant.com/p769777/r_527/ Human_medical_biological_materials_export/

A Rospotrebnadzor representative suggested that the decision by the FTS may be motivated by the Customs Service's intention to clamp down on the market for clinical trials in Russia.

Russia is fairly extensively involved in that market: around 28,000 Russians are currently participating in such trials. Generally, these patients have agreed to be guinea pigs in studies of the clinical effects of new drugs that are being developed by pharmaceutical companies, most of which are Western. Experts in the pharmaceutical industry estimate that the clinical trial market is worth $100-150 million annually.

Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK) spokesman Alexei Brevnov told Kommersant yesterday that "this decree will be a serious blow to our nation's health – it will set it back years. It makes conducting clinical trials in Russia much more difficult." According to Mr. Brevnov, GSK recently had an similar run-in with the Russian authorities over a pediatric vaccine trial in a private clinic in Volgograd: the local prosecutor's office sued the company, alleging that the study was illegal, and pressed criminal charges against three doctors. In Russia, clinical trials are an obligatory step in the approval of any new drug for introduction into the Russian market.

Yesterday no one from either the FTS or the Russian Ministry of Health was able to explain the precise reasons behind the ban on the export of biological materials, a move that will have grave consequences for research and clinical analyses for patients in Russian hospitals. Kommersant has learned, however, that over the last several months large medical facilities in Russia that participate in clinical research for pharmaceutical companies have been receiving visits from FSB officials interested in the names of the drugs and of the partners in the research, the length of the trials, and the sources of financing for the studies. Moreover, a Kommersant source in one of the medical centers reported that FSB officials seized numerous documents, particularly copies of financial documents and informed consent forms signed by patients participating in the trials.

FSB officials explained that the raid was part of the agency's struggle against "bioterrorism," a struggle that President Vladimir Putin approved in 2004 against what has so far been a phantom enemy. A source in medical circles who is acquainted with the situation told Kommersant that the ban follows the presentation of a report by FSB head Nikolai Patrushev to President Putin in early May of this year. According to the source, the report thus characterizes the situation in the market for clinical trials: several large Western medical centers that receive shipments of biological materials from Russia are said to be involved in the development of "genetically engineered biological weapons" for use against the Russian population. The list of organizations purportedly working on the project includes the Harvard School of Public Health, the American International Health Alliance, the Environment and Natural Resources Division of the US Department of Justice, the Swedish Karolinska Institute and Agency for International Development, and the Indian Genome Institute. Kommersant's source reported that the report contains a wealth of fantastical details about the development of "ethnically oriented" biological weapons capable of rendering Russia's population sterile and even killing it off.

Sources indicate that the ban on the export of biological materials was a direct result of a government memo signed by First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov that was circulated on May 22, 2007 to Health Minister Mikhail Zurabov, FSB chief Nikolai Patrushev, Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov, and Justice Minister Vladimir Ustinov. However, it has so far been impossible to determine whether that memo was linked to Mr. Patrushev's report about bioterrorism.

Russian Academy of Medical Sciences President Mikhail Davydov told Kommersant yesterday that "the practice of joint research using biological materials has existed for a long time. We're talking about research in all spheres of medicine – hematology, oncology, morphology, molecular biology. Joint research is essential in many fields – we are lagging seriously behind our Western partners. For example, the most promising [option] in genetic engineering is to participate in joint projects with US institutions. Financing in our [two] countries simply cannot be compared: for example, the budget of the American Institute for Cancer Research is $17 billion. And the exchange of biological materials goes both ways: our Western colleagues send us their samples, and we send them Russian samples." He considers the FTS ban to be a threat to the development of such research.

Rospotrebnadzor head Gennady Onishchenko, on the other hand, sees nothing objectionable about the initiative. "In any civilized country, the export and import of biological materials is appropriately regulated in the interest of biological security. In 2004, the issue of biological security was brought up by the president of Russia," he said, without bothering to explain





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