-Caveat Lector-
http://blog.wired.com/defense/2007/08/drugs-r-us.html[1]
They?ve got Skunk[2], they?ve got Special K[3], they?ve got Angel
Dust[4], they?ve got Aceeeeed[5]?.and they?ve also got a whole
pharmacy of extra special stuff that they?re not going to tell anyone
about. They?re heavily armed, and the law can?t touch them. Because
they?re the Pentagon?s own nonlethal chemical weapons developers.
While the CIA and military drug experiments[6] of the 50s and 60s
might be written off as just a phase they were going through, a new
report [7]from the Bradford Nonlethal Weapons Research Project
[8]shows that the interest in psychoactive substances has continued
right up until the present day. It?s called ?Off the Rocker? and ?On
the Floor?: The Continued Development of Biochemical Incapacitating
Weapons. [9]
Author Neil Davison explains the title:
Broadly speaking agents were colloquially divided into ?off the
rocker? agents having psychotropic effects and ?on the floor? agents
causing incapacitation through effects on other physiological
processes. ?Off the rocker? agents prevailed since the safety margins
for other agents, including anaesthetic agents, sedatives, and opiate
analgesics, were not considered sufficiently wide for them to perform
as ?safe? military incapacitating agents. Writing in 1971,
Perry-Robinson noted:
/?The psychomimetics in fact seem to be one of the very few classes
of incapacitating drug which have sufficient selectivity to give a
wide enough margin of safety. Some of them are sufficiently potent for
CW purposes.? /
In fact, it looks like the military are all set to start deploying
a new generation of ? well, as the report points out, they carefully
avoid calling them chemical weapons. The preferred terms are nonlethal
techniques, riot control agents, or, more commonly, /calmatives/.
How?s that? Calmative originally meant something quite specific,
but researchers at the Army?s Edgewood Chemical Biological Center[10]
have started using their own definition:
/A calmative agent can be defined as an antipersonnel chemical that
leaves the victim awake and mobile but without the will or ability to
meet military objectives or carry out criminal activity./
So anything from tear gas to LSD to a dozen tequilas would count as
a calmative. However, although the report describes work looking at a
whole range of substances including THC (the active ingredient in
cannabis), LSD, PCP, Valium and Ketamine - as well as 'selected club
drugs' - the biggest development recently seems to have been in the
area of Fentanyl[11] derivatives.
Fentanyl is an opiate which was used as an intravenous analgesic in
the 1960?s. It?s classified as a narcotic in the US, with effects said
to be similar to heroin. It?s first known use a weapon was in the
Moscow Theater siege[12] , when a Fentanyl derivative called Kolokol-1
(believed to be carfentanil[13]) was pumped into the building. All of
the terrorists were overpowered without firing a shot, but over a
hundred hostages died as a result of respiratory depression.
US work is said to involve a Fentanyl derivative combined with an
antagonist which will counter the respiratory depression. According to
the Bradford report, it may already be in use:
/Since the 2003 National Research Council (NRC) report confirming
renewed US Military research on incapacitating agents there has been
no further openly available information on the programme, due to
likely classification of the ongoing work?.It is unclear whether these
types of chemical weapons can now be accessed for US military
operations. Two unconfirmed reports in 2003 quoted Rear Admiral
Stephen Baker, the Navy's former Chief of Operational Testing and
Evaluation, as saying that US Special Forces had ?knock-out? gases
available for use in Iraq./
By a bizarre coincidence, the report comes outjust as we're getting
stories of campers being rendered unconscious[14] by thieves using
some sort of gas, but that's probably just a silly season story. Any
such gas is probably in (fairly) safe hands. Stay calm....but don't
overdo it.
*
Juxtaposeur
http://eeng.net/CS/blogs/smileycoyote/default.aspx
http://www.myspace.com/decompartmentalized
Links:
------
[1] http://blog.wired.com/defense/2007/08/drugs-r-us.html
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_weed
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketamine
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phencyclidine
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide
[6] http://blog.wired.com/defense/2007/04/the_secrets_of_.html
[7]
http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/nlw/research_reports/docs/BDRC_ST_Report_No_8.pdf
[8] http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/nlw/
[9]
http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/nlw/research_reports/docs/BDRC_ST_Report_No_8.pdf
[10] http://www.ecbc.army.mil/
[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl
[12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolokol-1
[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carfentanil
[14]
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/08/17/ncaravan117.xml
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