-Caveat Lector-

Big Money in Refugee Business

By MELISSA EDDY
.c The Associated Press

SKOPJE, Macedonia (AP) -- As a mechanic with a thriving business, Sasa,
unlike most Macedonians, isn't desperate for money. But when war hit Kosovo,
trapping many ethnic Albanians inside, this young man saw a good chance to
get rich.

``It feels good reuniting families,'' he says, with a gleam in his blue eyes.
``But my main goal is money.''

Since NATO bombs started falling on Kosovo nearly two months ago, about a
dozen Macedonian drivers have been making big bucks bribing Yugoslav
authorities to smuggle ethnic Albanians safely out of neighboring Kosovo.

Sasa, who would not give his last name for fear of reprisals, makes daily
runs across the border. The stakes are high, but so is the payment.

While his story could not be independently confirmed, many refugees have
given similar accounts of smuggling people out of Kosovo.

Most of his customers are ethnic Albanians who live in Germany or Switzerland
and are willing to pay anything to get their family members safely out of
Kosovo, he says.

His mobile phone rings at all hours of the day or night with people crying
``Can you please save my family?''

Sasa refuses to discuss prices, but refugees now living in Macedonian camps
say relatives paid between $1,400 to $3,500 in German marks per car to bring
them here.

``Everything can be done with money,'' says Sasa.

Waiting in the hot sun at Macedonia's Blace border crossing last week for a
smuggler to return with his brother's wife and three children, Avdullah Heta
grimly agreed.

Heta, a factory worker from Germany's Black Forest region, said he heard that
drivers were willing to bring Albanians out of Kosovo for a price, so he took
two weeks' vacation and came to Skopje to find a smuggler. He won't say how
much he paid, just that it was ``a lot.''

Sasa takes half his fee up front before he goes into Kosovo. Nearly 70
percent of that is spent on expenses, he says -- gas, as well as the
cigarettes, coffee and rakija brandy used as bribes along the way. Still more
cash is handed over to officials once inside Serbia. The rest is for himself.

``You have to have two things in you to do this job,'' he says. ``Guts and
craziness.''

Since he began making runs into the war-torn province nearly two months ago,
Sasa has brought 200 people out of Kosovo. On two separate runs he packed a
woman and eight children into his Yugo, but since then has refused to escort
more than the three passengers the compact legally holds.

Only twice has he failed to locate the people he was supposed to bring out.
Last week, the Yugoslav army stopped him, robbed him of his mobile phone and
$500 in German marks and held him for five hours before turning him back.
They hadn't been in on the bribes.

Sasa says he bribes the Yugoslav border police with German marks on his way
into the country. Then he has to go register with the local police in the
border town and inform them of his exact destination, saying he's going there
for ``a celebration.''

Once inside, he bribes his way through police checkpoints along the way. Just
a carton of cigarettes, he says, isn't enough. If policemen don't immediately
spot a few bills tucked inside, he says, they ask ``Why are you offering me
an empty carton?''

When he finds the address of the family he is to fetch, Sasa offers them a
copy of the sponsor's passport or identification card and a handwritten
letter, so they know to believe him.

``I speak a little Albanian, which helps,'' he says. Still, some people are
reluctant to get into the car with him.

``I tell them: There are two kinds of people -- the good and the bad,'' he
says. ``And that's the way they trust me.''

On the way back, the bribing continues. Sasa says police are more likely to
pull him over when they see he has a car full of ethnic Albanians.

He takes them as far as the neutral zone between the two countries and hands
them his mobile to call their family members and let them know they made it
out safely.

Back in Macedonia, Sasa collects the remaining half of his payment and waits
for the next call.

``I'd have a more peaceful life if I didn't do this,'' he admits.

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