-Caveat Lector- .............................................................. Forwarded from the New Paradigms Project [Not Necessarily Endorsed]: From: Remy C. <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: endsecrecy list <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Subject: [endsecrecy] Classification and Control Date: Tuesday, December 21, 1999 11:15 AM From: "Dunn, Steven J." <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: 'CE List' <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, ' UFO Updates' <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, 'Skywatch' <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Subject: [SO] Classification and Control Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 09:39:11 -0800 There are two types of security markings on classified documents: classification markings and control markings. There are currently only three classifications: Confidential, Secret, and Top Secret. Control markings are used to further limit access to a classified document. In this sense, there have *always* been classifications "above top secret." To use a prosaic example, suppose you were a French Air Force officer acting as liaison to General Horner's HQ during the Gulf War. Although you personally may have had a top secret clearance, under no circumstances should you have been permitted to see a document marked "NOFORN," even though its classification was only confidential. The establishing directive for classification markings is, presently, Executive Order 12958. Each organization that created classified documents issues its own directive implementing the EO, for example, DoD Directive 5200.1 for the military and DCID 1/7 for the CIA. (BTW, all these documents are unclassified, and EO 12958 and DCID 1/7 are available online, so there are no "leaks" here. [Dammit Liddy - put down that pipe wrench!] This is just a junior-high-level treatise on security markings for those who wonder what all the fuss on TOP SECRET RESTRICTED is about.) Although we've been using the same classifications for over 50 years (minus "restricted," which was a classification until rescinded by EO 10501 in 1953), control markings do become superceded, and others take their place. I was surprised to learn from DCID 1/7 that NOFORN and WNINTEL (Warning Notice - Intelligence Sources or Methods Involved) are no longer valid. Hell, they've been around for so long, it's almost like losing a couple of old friends. _Requiescat in pace_ NOFORN and WNINTEL. Now, human nature being what it is, superceded markings can continue to be used after they are no longer valid, just as I am certain that some old fart like me is still using NOFORN because he hasn't yet got the word. That being said, my comment in a earlier posting still holds true - even if the originator/marker of a memo had forgotten that "restricted" was no longer any good, since it was a *classification,* and not a *control marking,* labeling a document TOP SECRET RESTRICTED is like calling it TOP SECRET CONFIDENTIAL - redundant, repetitive, and obviously wrong to whoever reviewed it before it went out. This endth the lesson. 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