-Caveat Lector- <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/"> </A> -Cui Bono?- In them olden days, those days following WW2 (late '40s, early '50s), the Philippines had their Marxists, the Huks. Now the Sydney Morning Herald is running an article discussing the 'resurgence' of Marxists in the Philippines. The Huks were not among the favourites of the American government following the 2nd WW, and, as I recall my parents' reports, were kin of anti-American. *Why* this is interesting (at least to me) is because of the information about POWs in NVN yielding information to their captors, usually under duress. *What* is interesting is the Philippines was the home of Subic Bay and Clark AB during the Viet Nam era, a launching pad for the American Far East efforts. What better source of information than a bunch of drinking or drunken or doting GIs (thereto assigned or on R&R) blowing of steam to the delight of those who would rather the Americans weren't there? This is one example, Saigon may be another with a very similar atmosphere. Volcanoes might be our friends. A<>E<>R From http://www.balen.net/war/japanese.htm {{Begin>}} From: Guerrilla Warriors Filipinos At War, Carlos Quirino, Vera-Reyes Inc., 1981 Filipino Guerrillas The largest and best organized resistance group in Luzon were the Hukbalahaps, short for Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon or "the People's Army to Fight the Japanese." The proletarian movement started by the timawas of Pangasinan and Ilocos two centuries ago and by Andres Bonifacio in 1896, found an echo in central Luzon, specifically in the provinces of Pampanga, southern Tarlac and Nueva Ecija, where the kasamas or tenants tilled the rice lands for absentee landlords. As far back as 1929, the Socialist party began gaining adherents among the peasants. The party was led by Pedro Abad Santos, elder brother of Jose Abad Santos who was to be killed by the Japanese in Cotabato, a wealthy and cultured landlord of Pampanga. The Socialists merged with the Communist party in 1938, and anticipating the war with Japan began forming military cadres under political commissars following the system established by the Soviets in Russia. While party leaders were still mulling on the best way to fight the Japanese, after the debacle of Clark Field in Pampanga, a certain woman named Felipa Culala, known by the nom de guerre of Dayang-Dayang (the Muslim title for Princess), assaulted and captured the municipal building in Candaba -- the swampy land east of Pampanga -- to liberate eight of her followers who had been imprisoned there for gathering palay rice without a permit from the overseer (Agoncillo, op.cit., II, 668). She was a big husky woman with a flair for leadership. Japanese patrols and local policemen set out immediately to capture her, but instead fell into a trap that she had set, and in the skirmish that ensued between 30 to 40 Japanese soldiers and more than 60 policemen were killed. her two feats electrified the rebels into organizing their army. By the end of March 1942, a meeting was held by Dayang-Dayang, Bernardo Poblete (better known as Banal and commander of the best Huk regiment), Lope de la Rosa, Eusebio Aquino (known as Bio who had chosen the alias of Panday Pira, the foundryman at the time of Rajah Sulayman), Mariano Franco, Casto Alejandrino, Luis Taruc and many others -- such as Jose "Dimasalang" de Leon, Silvestre "Linda Bie" Liwanag -- who were to gain notoriety a decade later as commander of Huk squadrons. Dayang-Dayang's love for lucre proved to be her undoing. She was reported to have said, "those who don't get rich in this war have liquid brains." She was accused by her own men of stealing food, carabaos, fishing nets, money and jewelry from the barrio folks. A Huk military court found her and a brother guilty of the charges, and they were executed by a firing squad. She could have easily been another Gabriela Silang, or a Henerala Agueda Kahabagan, or a Teresa Magbanua; instead, she destroyed her own prestige by deviating from the ideal of fighting for the freedom of her country. During the "dark years" of the enemy occupation, in 1942 and 1943, the Huks were active in attacking railroad shipments, garrisons and convoys. While other guerrilla units remained inactive in 1943, following orders from general headquarters of SWPA to "lie low," the Huks fought the invaders, and went after Filipino collaborators, terming puppet officials, rich landowners an pro- Americans as "tools of capitalistic imperialism." As a result they clashed with other guerrilla units in the region. The last encounter was with Anderson's Guerrillas in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, in March 1945, and ended only with the arrival of the American forces. After the liberation of Luzon, the Huks submitted their roster for backpay claim. The Americans, however, would not recognize them because the Huks refused to turn in their arms or disband their organization. Only the Banal regiment accepted the American terms. Two of the insurgent leaders, Luis Taruc and Casto Alejandrino, were arrested by the Counter Intelligence Corps, but on release resumed leadership of their troops, and continued with their campaign against the Philippine Government. {{<End>}} From http://www.smh.com.au/news/0002/15/world/world5.html {{<Begin>}} Marxists revive war of random terror raids By KONRAD MULLER in Manila Rebels in the Marxist New People's Army have been ordered to escalate a campaign of violence in the Philippines, where the Government admits the serious threat from a resurgence of the revolutionaries. Sources close to the NPA say the movement's central committee recently ordered an increase in "special tactical offensives" targeting "notorious traitors, violators of human rights and plunderers" in reaction to "escalating military and police campaigns of suppression". President Joseph Estrada unveiled an anti- insurgency plan last month, identifying 13 hotbeds to be cleared of the Maoist menace this year. But on Sunday last week, Mr Oscar Aldaba, a former military intelligence officer and Mayor of San Teodoro, on central Mindoro island, was leaving mass at the Immaculate Conception Parish in the town when he was approached by an NPA hit squad. "Don't meddle," they told his wife, then shot him dead before fleeing. Two days before, on the southern island of Mindanao, 40 peasant rebels trashed and burned a mobile-phone relay station after the owners reportedly refused to pay "revolutionary taxes". They were among a spate of attacks, including ambushes of the military, that inspired the armed forces chief, Lieutenant-General Angelo Reyes, to warn this week of a rise in violence linked to Asia's last communist insurgency. A recent pamphlet from the NPA declared: "We greet the 21st century and the new millennium with the resolve to intensify the revolution." >From a peak of 25,000 guerillas in 1988, the NPA was then racked by internal splits and punished by the military. By the mid-1990s, the government declared it to be, in essence, a ragtag irrelevance headed for history's dustbin. But last year, the Government conceded it was staging something of a comeback. According to the Defence Secretary, Mr Orlando Mercado - who likens the NPA to a skin disease (persistent, nagging, difficult to treat) - rebel forces are back to about 8,000. "Guerilla fronts occur in the poorest of poor barangays [districts]," he said. "The rise in NPA numbers can be tied directly to economic indicators." At least a third of Filipinos live in poverty. Many rural areas have long suffered government neglect, a burden exacerbated in 1997-98 by the El Nino drought and the Asian financial crisis. In the early '90s, the NPA altered strategy, eschewing large military operations to rebuild mass support among the peasantry. Murder charges were filed last week against Jose Maria Sison, the leader of the NPA, now based in The Netherlands. This follows the exhumation of a mass grave in Mindanao, in which 50 corpses were found, said to be victims of the NPA campaign to liquidate military infiltrators in 1985 and 1986. Satur Ocampo, who led peace talks for the NPA with the government and has since left the underground, confirmed that about 900 were killed in the Mindanao purges, for reasons "largely groundless". He denied that Sison, jailed at the time, was responsible. [go to top] Headlines Team standing by to explore rights abuses Last best hope is calling the tune Classic play brings the general to heel 'E Timor worse than Bosnia' Marxists revive war of random terror raids Minnows of trade call for a fair deal Moscow, Beijing get closer to thwart US Elderly priest arrested 'in crackdown' Fury grows as lethal cyanide nears Belgrade Missing link: CIA's role in deaths of Allende followers Russians bombard key gorges in drive to finish off rebels Unlikely coalition faces up to clergy Boffin turns table on epic of Arthur Site Guide | Archive | Feedback | Privacy Policy Copyright � 2000. 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