Dark Side of Rev. Moon: Buying the Right
By Robert Parry
On Jan. 28, 1995, a beaming Rev. Jerry Falwell told his Good Time Gospel Hour
congregation news that seemed heaven sent. The televangelist hailed two
Virginia businessmen as financial saviors of debt-ridden Liberty University,
the fundamentalist Christian school that Falwell had made the crown jewel of
his Religious Right empire.
"They had to borrow money, hock their houses, hock everything," enthused
Falwell. "Thank God for friends like Dan Reber and Jimmy Thomas." Falwell's
congregation rose as one to applaud. The star of the moment was Daniel Reber,
who was standing behind Falwell. Thomas was not present.
Reber and Thomas earned Falwell's public gratitude by excusing the Lynchburg,
Va., school of about one-half of its $73 million debt. In the late 1980s,
that flood of red ink had forced Falwell to abandon his Moral Majority
political organization and nearly drowned Liberty University in bankruptcy.
Reber and Thomas came to Falwell's rescue in the nick of time. Their
non-profit Christian Heritage Foundation of Forest, Va., snapped up a big
chunk of Liberty's debt for $2.5 million, a fraction of its face value.
Thousands of small religious investors who had bought church construction
bonds through a Texas company were the big losers. But Falwell shed no tears.
He told local reporters that the moment was "the greatest single day of
financial advantage" in the school's history.
Left unmentioned in the happy sermon was the identity of the bigger guardian
angel who had been protecting Falwell's financial interests -- from a
distance and without publicity. That secret benefactor was the Rev. Sun Myung
Moon, the self-proclaimed South Korean messiah who is controversial with many
fundamentalist Christians because of his bizarre Biblical interpretations and
his brainwashing tactics that have torn thousands of young people from their
families. Moon also has grown harshly anti-American in recent years.
Covertly, Moon helped bail out Liberty University through one of his front
groups which funnelled $3.5 million to the Reber-Thomas Christian Heritage
Foundation, the non-profit that had purchased the school's debt.
I discovered this Moon-Falwell connection while looking for something else:
how much Moon's Women's Federation for World Peace had paid former President
George Bush for a series of speeches in Asia in 1995. I obtained the
federation's Internal Revenue Service records but discovered that Bush's
undisclosed speaking fee was buried in a line item of $13.6 million for
conference expenses.
There was, however, a listing for a $3.5 million "educational" grant to the
Christian Heritage Foundation. A call to the Virginia corporate records
office confirmed that the foundation was the one run by Reber and Thomas.
In a subsequent interview, the Women Federation's vice president Susan
Fefferman confirmed that the $3.5 million grant had gone to "Mr. Falwell's
people" for the benefit of Liberty University. "It was Dan Reber," she said.
But she could not recall much else about the grant, even though it was by far
the largest single grant awarded by the federation that year.
For details on the grant, Fefferman referred me to Keith Cooperrider, the
federation's treasurer. Cooperrider is also the chief financial officer of
Moon's Washington Times and a longtime Unification Church functionary.
Cooperrider did not return several phone calls seeking his comment. Falwell
and Reber also failed to respond to my calls.
Secret Meetings
The full public record strongly suggests that Falwell solicited Moon's help
in bailing out Liberty University. In a lawsuit on file in the Circuit Court
of Bedford County -- a community in southwestern Virginia -- two of Reber's
former business associates alleged that Reber and Falwell flew to South Korea
on Jan. 9, 1994, on a seven-day "secret trip" to meet "with representatives
of the Unification Church."
The court document states that Reber and Falwell were accompanied to South
Korea by Ronald S. Godwin, who had been executive director of Falwell's Moral
Majority before signing on as vice president of Moon's Washington Times.
According to Bedford County court records, Reber, Falwell and Godwin also had
discussions at Liberty University in 1993 with Dong Moon Joo, one of Moon's
right-hand men and president of The Washington Times. Though Reber was
queried about the purposes of the Moon-connected meetings in the court
papers, he settled the business dispute before responding to interrogatories
or submitting to a deposition. He did deny any legal wrongdoing.
But Moon's secret financial ties to Falwell raise some sensitive political
questions, particularly amid congressional hearings on foreign money
influencing U.S. politics: For instance, did the $3.5 million from Moon's
front group give Falwell the means to become a national pitchman for "The
Clinton Chronicles" and other conspiracy-mongering videos which fingered
President and Mrs. Clinton in a wide range of serious crimes, including
murder? During the period of the Liberty bail-out, Falwell was using his
expensive TV time to hawk the videos.
When The Roanoke Times & World News interviewed Falwell about the bail-out,
the televangelist sat at his desk in front of two life-size, full-color
cutouts of Bill and Hillary Clinton, whom he jokingly called his "advisers."
The cut-outs were gifts from Liberty staffers in recognition of Falwell's
success in distributing the Clinton-hating videos. [RT&WN, Feb. 6, 1995]
Many of those lurid right-wing conspiracy theories have since been
discredited, including allegations connecting the Clintons to the death of
deputy White House counsel Vincent Foster. But the Falwell-promoted videos
did feed a Clinton scandal fever that helped the Republicans seize control of
Congress in 1994.
Moon's largesse is additionally suspect because Moon has never publicly
accounted for his mysterious source of wealth. Much of the money apparently
comes from shadowy Asian industrialists, some with links to organized crime
and fascist political circles. But Moon has refused to open his books, even
in the late 1970s when a congressional investigation identified his church as
a front for the South Korean CIA, which was then engaged in a secret
political influence-buying scheme known as "Korea-gate."
Better than Jesus?
Falwell also might have been shy about disclosing his alliance with Moon
because the Korean's theology upsets many Christians. Moon asserts that Satan
corrupted mankind by sexually seducing Eve in the Garden of Eden and that
only through sexual purification can mankind be saved. In line with that
doctrine, Moon says Jesus failed in his mission to save mankind because he
did not procreate.
Moon sees himself as a second messiah who will not make the same mistake. He
has engaged in sex with a variety of women over the decades. The total number
of his offspring is a point of debate inside the Unification Church.
Moon's rhetoric has turned stridently anti-American, another problem for the
Religious Right and its strongly patriotic positions. On May 1, 1997, Moon
told a group of followers that "the country that represents Satan's harvest
is America." [ Unification News, June 1997] In other sermons, he has vowed
that his victorious movement will "digest" any American who tries to maintain
his or her individuality. He especially has criticized American women who
must "negate yourself 100 percent" to be a receptacle for the male seed. [For
details of Moon's speeches, see The Consortium, July 28, 1997]
Still, despite his controversial remarks, Moon continues to buy friends on
the American right -- as well as among African-American religious figures --
by spreading around vast sums of money. The totals are estimated in the
billions of dollars, with much of it targeted on political infrastructure:
direct-mail operations, video services for campaign ads, professional
operatives and right-wing media outlets.
Through The Washington Times and its affiliated publications -- Insight
magazine and The World & I -- Moon has not only showcased conservative
opinions, but he has created seemingly legitimate conduits to funnel money to
individuals and companies he seeks to influence. In the early 1980s, for
instance, The Washington Times hired the New Right's direct-mail whiz Richard
Viguerie to conduct a pricy direct-mail subscription drive. The business
boosted Viguerie's profit margin.
Another element of Moon's strategy is to approach a conservative leader when
he's financially down. Moon quietly infuses money and gains the leader's
gratitude. Again, Viguerie is an example of that tactic. When he fell on hard
times in the late 1980s, Moon directed more business his way and had a
corporation run by Moon's lieutenant, Bo Hi Pak, buy one of Viguerie's
properties for $10 million. [ Orange County Register, Dec. 21, 1987 /
Washington Post, Oct. 15, 1989]
With Moon's timely intervention, Viguerie survived financially and remains an
important fixture in conservative political campaigns to this day. When
Iran-contra figure Oliver North ran for the U.S. Senate in Virginia in 1994,
his principal direct-mail contractor was Viguerie's company, according to
Federal Election Commission records.
For some smaller enterprises, Moon-connected business can be a huge
percentage of total income. That was the case with Falwell's benefactors, Dan
Reber and Jimmy Thomas, who ran a small company called Direct Mail
Communications of Forest, Va. According to court records, $5 million -- more
than one-third of its income in one year -- came from a direct-mail
subscription drive for Moon's Insight magazine.
Republican Warnings
At times, Moon's penetration of conservative ranks has raised red flags among
Republicans. In 1983, the GOP's moderate Ripon Society charged that the New
Right had entered "an alliance of expediency" with Moon's church. Ripon's
chairman, Rep. Jim Leach, R-Iowa, released a study which alleged that the
College Republican National Committee "solicited and received" money from
Moon's Unification Church in 1981. The study also accused Reed Irvine's
Accuracy in Media of benefitting from low-cost or volunteer workers supplied
by Moon.
Leach said the Unification Church has "infiltrated the New Right and the
party it [the New Right] wants to control, the Republican Party, and
infiltrated the media as well." Leach's news conference was broken up when
then-college GOP leader Grover Norquist accused Leach of lying. (Norquist is
now head of Americans for Tax Reform and a prominent ally of House Speaker
Newt Gingrich.)
For its part, The Washington Times dismissed Leach's charges as "flummeries"
and mocked the Ripon Society as a "discredited and insignificant left-wing
offshoot of the Republican Party." [WP, Jan. 6, 1983]
Despite periodic fretting over Moon's influence, conservatives continued to
accept his deep-pocket assistance. When President Reagan and Oliver North
were scratching for support for the Nicaraguan contras, The Washington Times
established a contra fund-raising operation. Moon's international group,
CAUSA, also dispatched operatives to Central America to assist the contras.
By the mid-1980s, Moon's Unification Church had carved out a niche as an
acceptable part of the American right. In one speech to his followers, Moon
boasted that "without knowing it, even President Reagan is being guided by
Father [Moon]."
Yet, Moon also made clear that his longer-range goal was the destruction of
the U.S. Constitution and America's democratic form of government. "History
will make the position of Reverend Moon clear, and his enemies, the American
population and government will bow down to him," Moon said, speaking of
himself in the third person. "That is Father's tactic, the natural
subjugation of the American government and population."
As Andrew Ferguson wrote in the right-wing American Spectator, Moon's church
attracted U.S. conservatives by advocating a muscular anti-communism. "There
is little else in Unificationism that American conservatives will find
compelling," Ferguson noted -- except, of course, the money. "They're the
best in town as far as putting their money with their mouth is," one
Washington-based conservative told Ferguson. [AS, Sept. 1987]
Iran-contra Wars
Though Moon's money sources remained shrouded in secrecy, his cash gave the
right an important edge in attacking its enemies and defending its friends.
After the Iran-contra scandal exploded in 1986, The Washington Times and
other Moon operations battled aggressively to protect Reagan's White House
and Oliver North. Godwin, the link between Falwell's Moral Majority and
Moon's Washington Times, raised funds for North through a group called the
Interamerican Partnership, which was a fore-runner to North's own Freedom
Alliance. [ Common Cause Magazine, Fall 1993]
Another Moon-connected group, the American Freedom Coalition, also went to
bat for North. According to Andrew Leigh, who worked for a Moon front called
Global Image Associates, AFC broadcast a pro-North video, "Ollie North: Fight
for Freedom," more than 600 times on more than 100 TV stations. Leigh quoted
one AFC official as saying that AFC received $5 million to $6 million from
business interests associated with Moon. AFC also bragged that it helped put
George Bush into the White House in 1988 by distributing 30 million pieces of
political literature. [WP, Oct. 15, 1989]
Direct Mail Communications, the firm owned by Reber and Thomas, also aided
North in building his famous mailing lists. [The firm has done direct-mail
work as well for Texas Gov. George W. Bush, the Republican National
Committee, and the National Rifle Association, according to The Roanoke Times
& World News in a story dated Nov. 2, 1994.]
Indeed, the story of Direct Mail Communications, a small company based in a
strip-mall shopping center off Route 221 in rural Forest, Va., underscores
how intertwined Moon's operations have grown with American conservatism.
Reber and Thomas founded the company in September 1989, roughly the same time
that Falwell's Liberty University began trying to refinance its worsening
debt. Also, in 1989, Charles P. Keith, Roger M. Ott and Ronald Godwin -- all
Washington Times executives -- created another firm called Mail America.
According to court records, Godwin introduced Keith and Ott to Reber and
Thomas. The get-to-know-you quickly led to a deal. Keith, Ott and Godwin
bought DMC for $2.5 million on Oct. 6, 1989, even though the company had
existed for only one month. Reber and Thomas were retained to run the
business.
Inside the firm, however, tensions grew. In 1991, Godwin split, selling his
share of the business to Keith and Ott. Reber, who was getting a salary of
$1,000 a day or $365,000 a year, spent too much time on discount work for
conservative causes, Keith and Ott later complained. In one court filing,
they alleged that a paid DMC staffer was sent to help a conservative
Republican named Gene Keith run for Congress in Florida.
Falwell's Liberty University, Old Time Gospel Hour and Liberty Alliance also
got discounts on their direct-mail solicitations, the owners charged. "Reber
and Thomas never even collected an amount sufficient to pay all of DMC's
actual postage expenses," Keith and Ott stated.
A Falling Out
By summer 1993, Reber began long absences from DMC while working on the
bail-out of Liberty University, according to the court papers. Keith and Ott
alleged that Falwell, Reber and Godwin met with The Washington Times'
publisher Dong Moon Joo in Lynchburg in 1993 and flew to South Korea in
January 1994 for other meetings with Moon's representatives.
Reber's travels took him to "South America, Montana, Europe, Russia and the
Republic of Korea," Keith and Ott said. Meanwhile, DMC was sliding into
"extreme financial distress."
So, after Reber returned from the South Korean trip, Keith and Ott fired him.
That prompted Reber to file a wrongful termination suit in Bedford Country
Circuit Court on July 20, 1994. Keith and Ott countered by filing a fraud
case against Reber and Thomas in Roanoke federal court in September 1994.
For his part, Falwell, who once boasted that he had spurned a $1 million
speaking fee from Moon in the mid-1980s, now found himself caught in Moon's
orbit. On July 26, 1994, Falwell prominently sat at the head table for Moon's
inauguration of yet another front group, the Youth Federation for World
Peace. Falwell posed for a group photo with Moon and other dignitaries. Next
to Falwell stood Ronald Reagan's daughter, Maureen.
Despite the DMC court battles, North still sent the direct-mail company some
business during his 1994 Senate campaign. According to FEC records, North
paid DMC $138,561 for its direct-mail work. But DMC extended North the most
credit of any vendor. When the $19 million campaign ended with North's narrow
defeat, his largest single debt -- $89,033 -- was to DMC.
At about that same time, in January 1995, Reber and Thomas were completing
their purchase of about one-half of Liberty University's debt, much of it for
a fraction of the face value. The big losers included 2,500 bondholders who
invested in the Texas-based Church & Institutional Facilities Development
Corp., which had owned $12 million of the school's debt. Reber and Thomas
scooped up the bonds at a bankruptcy fire sale for about 20 percent of their
value, or $2.5 million.
Many bondholders were "mom and pops cashing in their IRA money because their
local minister and Falwell's letters said they'd be doing God's work,"
recalled Doug Hudman, a lawyer in the case. "The true victims are the
mom-and-pop believers who think their money was going to a good cause. All it
was doing was going to fund Mr. Falwell's continued indebtedness. It's kind
of sickening."
But Falwell told reporters that it was just a question of luck. "When the
bankruptcy trustee called in all the notes and put them up for sale, anyone
could have bought them," Falwell said. "That was fortunate for us." [RT&WN,
Feb. 6, 1995]
After months of complicated legal maneuvering, Dan Reber also seems to have
been fortunate enough to win out in the DMC power struggle. He now runs the
direct-mail factory in Forest, Va., under the name, "Mail America."
But behind the good fortune that blessed the Rev. Falwell and his friends
appears to have been a timely contribution of $3.5 million from the Rev.
Moon's Women's Federation for World Peace. ~
(c) Copyright 1997
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