INFOTERRA: Re: gulf-chat Does US Unleash Biological Weapons C. W. Gilbert ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) Tue, 19 May 1998 11:38:53 +0300 DOES U.S. UNLEASH BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS ON "ENEMIES" In January Blazing Tattles, I innocently speculated "One can wonder, if one is a conspiracy theorist, whether this (screwworm epidemic in cattle [and humans]) is not some kind of biological warfare against U.S. `enemies.'" I didn't have the guts to say I thought it was so, because I had no outside confirmation. Then the following was received on 2/12 of this year, from George Pumphrey of Bonn, Germany (whose permission was granted to quote everything): Dear Claire, I would like, on the one hand, to receive a copy of your Jan. '98 issue of Blazing Tattles. On the other hand, having read your questioning of the appearance of the Screwworm in Iraq, as you put it, you find it particularly interesting that the countries targeted by the U.S. -- Iraq, Iran, and Libya -- all have, or have had, this screwworm fly problem, whereas the "friendly" Arab nations have not. I would like to give you information that I was able to run down about the screwworm. The German S¸deutsche Zeitung (SZ 1/16/98) describes the extent of the catastrophe as follows: "In the 8th year of the international economic embargo against Iraq, a new calamity has befallen the suffering popu- lation of Saddam's state. In this Arab nation a swarm of dangerous screwworm flies have descended upon the livestock of the country. In the month of December alone, 50,000 new infections were recorded, affecting sheep and beef, warned the FAO (United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization) in Rome. "This literally constitutes an explosion", said the agronomist, Henning Steinfeld. By comparison: during the preceding 15 months only 30,000 cases were counted. "The extremely rapid spread of the epidemic -- which has in the meantime reached 12 of the 18 Iraqi provinces -- is an indirect consequence of the international sanctions leveled against Iraq following Iraq's intervention in Kuwait. On the one hand, the country, as a result of the economic embargo, is lacking insecticides to ward off this parasite. Aside from this, the collapse of the infrastructures has also all but brought the veterinary service completely to a halt, reported Steinfeld. "( . . . ) The plague hits, of all things, the traditional cattle economy, which -- even though damaged -- had survived the embargo. By comparison, the modern animal production has been totally destroyed. Due to lack of feed, the commercial poultry production has dropped to 5%, the dairy production to 1/3 of its pre-war level. Result: the FAO estimates the availability of animal protein per-capita to be only 2,5 (sic.) Grams/day in Iraq (Germany: 60 Grams). "The infestation of the livestock herds threatens to render even more acute the already extremely precarious nutritional situation of 16 million Iraqis. The FAO has sent out an urgent appeal for immediate measures to combat the epidemic with insecticides. In Libya, where there was an outbreak of a screwworm plague occurred in 1989, it was exemplarily combatted. The prompt commitment by international organizations to its eradication is also due to the fact that Europe felt threatened by the plague. The conditions of the embargo stand in the way of Iraq's receiving rapid international assistance. An accord which took effect in December, 1996, allows Baghdad, under stringent UN-control, to sell a limited amount of oil in order to be able to buy food and medicine abroad with part of the returns. But a complicated screening process considerably retards delivery. The apprehension of the UN-agricultural experts in Rome is now that by the time the insecticides finally get to Iraq, it could be too late. "We are racing against the clock," said the agronomist, Steinfeld."1 Of course one could begin to wonder if one is developing a "conspiracy theorist complex" if one would suspect the U.S. of being behind the unexplained appearance of such a devastating parasite simply on the basis of American hostility toward the Iraqi people and their government. But there are a number of facts that cannot be disregarded, a number of questions whose answers lay the blame at the door of the U.S. government and/or its allies. If one would scan the lists of biological warfare agents used by the CIA or DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency), one would certainly not find the screwworm, simply because it is not being bred in Fort Detrick or Aberdeen or Dugway. It is not even being bred within the bounds of the United States. It is bred by the Dept of Agriculture, thousands of miles away in the Southern Mexican state of Chiapas, which has only relatively recently made the conditions of its existence known to the world's public. This species is the "new world screwworm". It is this species that did so much damage in Libya in the early 90s and in Nicaragua and El Salvador. Another species of the screwworm, the "old world screwworm," is being raised by the Australian government in Malaysia. Another breeding factory has been set up by the Australians (but remains unused) in Papua New Guinea, again in a developing nation far from the shores of the developed nation running the show (ecological racism). It is this old world screwworm species that is today attacking Iraq. WHAT IS THE SCREWWORM FLY? The webpage of the U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica gives a clear description in its information about the U.S. government's new world screwworm eradication program: "A screwworm infestation is caused by larvae of the fly Cochliomyia hominivorax. The screwworm fly is about twice the size of a regular house fly and can be distinguished by its greenish-- blue color and its large reddish-orange eyes. "Infestations can occur in any open wound, including cuts, castration wounds, navels of newborn animals, and tick bites. The wounds often contain a dark, foul-smelling discharge. Screwworm larvae distinguish themselves from other species by feeding only on the living flesh, never dead tissue. These larvae can infest wounds of any warm-blooded animal, including human beings. Once a wound is infested, the screwworm can eventually kill the animal or human, literally eating it alive. "The female fly lays an average of 4 batches of 400 eggs on the edge of a wound. After approx. 12 hours, the larvae hatch from the eggs and enter the wound for feeding. After 5 days, the larvae drop to the ground and develop into pupae for a period of 8 days. Two days after emerging the fly is sexually mature." "( . . . ) In Nicaragua, for example, Program personnel reported 138 cases of screwworm infestations in humans, 70 of which were children. Three of the affected persons died and two other lost body parts. In El Salvador there were 530 cases in humans between 1990 and 1992.2 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA Ministry of Agricul- ture) gives added details: "The pest is native to the tropical and sub-tropical areas of North, South, and Central America. ( . . . ) The screwworm fly can travel up to 180 miles in several days and under warm, favorable conditions can complete a life cycle in as few as 3 weeks. Left untreated, screwworm-infested wounds lead to death. Multiple infestations can kill a grown steer in 5-7 days."3 The USDA furnishes also details about the Sterilized Insect Technique or SIT method, used by the U.S. government to rid the U.S. and other regions of the American continent of this pest: "A plan for eradicating the pest began in the early 1950's, when USDA's Agricultural Research Service developed a new control method. Under this method, laboratory-raised flies sterilized by gamma rays are spread by aircraft over infested areas. As millions of sterile flies flood an area, the sterile males mate with fertile female flies. The resulting eggs do not hatch. Self-sustaining screwworm populations were eliminated from the United States by 1966. A barrier zone of sterile flies was set up along the 2,000-mile-long U.S.-Mexican border to prevent reinfestation from Mexico. However, constant reinfestation from migrating flies or larvae carried by animals, which are then transported by people, remained a problem. "The United States-Mexico Joint Commission was formed in 1972 between Mexico and the United States with the goal of eliminating the pest from Mexico and pushing the barrier to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, just north of Guatemala. A new sterile screwworm plant at Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico, was dedicated in 1976. With a production capacity of more than 500 million sterile flies per week, it replaced the former production plant in Mission, Texas, which was closed in January 1981."4 In the case of Costa Rica, an average of 60 million sterile flies are dispersed weekly over every area of the country. The sterile flies are dispersed at an altitude of 6000 feet at a rate of approximately 3000 per square nautical mile.5 The USDA facilities used for production and sterilization of screwworms can just as well be given a dual-use function: the pro- duction of the screwworm as a biological weapon? Several facts in the information furnished by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture lead to disturbing conclusions: TO BE NOTED: œ THE U.S. GOVERNMENT HAS A constant production of hundreds of millions of screwworms in a "fast-breeder" factory (capable of up to 500 million flies/week). For every sterilized male fly, there had to have been unsterilized parent flies, which are also raised in this facility. (To cover a 2,000-mile-long by how wide? buffer zone between Mexico and the United States, how many unsterilized parent flies does one need to produce the necessary amount of sterilized male flies?) These unsterilized parent flies could be "taken to the field" at any time as biological warfare agents, or simply be sent out to create "new clients" for this mass production facility; œ A GOOD CAMOUFLAGE ("plausible deniability") of its use as a biological warfare agent is the presence of these pests in nature. One cannot be sure if the unannounced appearance of these pests "coming for dinner" is due to natural causes or is deliberate. The first becomes less likely when they turn up in an isolated region where there is no history of infestation and the neighboring countries are not infested (Iraq and Iran) and their arrival through infected live importation of animals can be excluded. œ ANOTHER GOOD camouflage is that the pests in nature, and the unsterilized flies are indistinguishable from their remedy -- the sterilized male flies. Only the person packing the boxes at the factory (thinks that he/she) knows the sterilized pupae from the fertile ones. Only when the eggs begin to hatch can one know if the female's eggs had been fertilized or not, meaning that the plague could be artificially prolonged without readily being recognized as such (which is also a way of milking the profit even with "friendly" nations). œ THE UNSTERILIZED FLIES CAN be just as easily dropped from a plane -- in a much smaller quantity -- to create a calamity, as the more numerous sterilized ones to stop one. (Remember each female lays up to 400 eggs at time and probably half of them become UNSTERILIZED males.) œ COUNTRIES LIKE IRAQ AND Iran that have not had to confront this sort of pest in the past -- Iraq was completely free from the screwworm -- are ill equipped even under normal conditions to handle the situation and dependent upon the disposition of those who have the resources to combat this plague. For the production of the "new world screwworm fly," the U.S. government has the absolute monopoly of, access to, and control over, both an enormous number of these pests as well as the remedy; For the "old world screwworm fly" it is Australia. Given the role played by Butler, and the inhabitual enthusiasm of the Australian government to go to war against Iraq (sic.). BUT WHAT DOES THIS SPECULATION HAVE TO DO WITH THE CURRENT CASE OF SCREWWORM INFESTATION IN IRAQ? THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION: œ THE PARASITE WAS FIRST recorded in Iraq in 1995, just south of Baghdad, mainly in the more fertile zone along the Tigrus and Euphrates Rivers. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) senior officer for vector-borne diseases, Brian Hursey, admits that it is not known how the Screwworm got into Iraq. He speculates that it could have come in from Iran, which had been infested "a little bit before" and could have simply crossed the border. Iran was the only one of Iraq's neighbors that had marked the presence of the screwworm fly. The region hit in Iran was/is the western area bordering on Iraq. (Iran reported about 400 cases last year.) Whereas the infested area in Iraq covers a 300,000 sq. km region encircling Baghdad, the Iranian infested area remains very small and limited to the Iraqi border region.6 Given the fact of the Iranian limitation, it would seem that Iran could as well have been infested from Iraq. In any case, during the first 15 months of this Iraqi/Iranian infestation, none of the other neighboring countries, neither Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, nor Turkey, were infested with the screwworm fly, and Kuwait was only infested during the December explosive rise in intensity of the Iraqi epidemic. œ IT WAS ALSO IN 1995 THAT, entrenched in their Kurdish stronghold in northern Iraq, that the CIA agent Warren Marik "says he did everything it could think of -- and was permitted to do. He helped organize flights of unmanned aircraft over Baghdad to drop leaflets ridiculing the Iraqi dictator on his birthday."7 Those flights were certainly among the less serious activities that the CIA undertook to overthrow the Iraqi president. But they prove to what extent the U.S. has air superiority. Dropping the flies over rural areas unnoticed is much less risky and much more "profitable" than leaflets over population centers like Baghdad. Two CIA sources told the Washington Post, "that pressure within the Clinton administration to get on with overthrowing Saddam accelerated when John M. Deutch moved from the Defense Dept. to become the director of the CIA in May 1995, and intensified more as the 1996 presidential election campaign moved nearer."8 Already President George Bush had signed, what the CIA personnel call a "lethal finding," under which the agency can -- with 2 exceptions -- undertake whatever action is needed, even if that action would lead to fatalities in order the change the regime in Iraq. In other words a no-holds-barred with the 2 exceptions that they are not to carry out assassinations and are not to promise U.S. intervention on the side of the insurgents in the event of an uprising. The CIA then began "drawing up a classic covert operation similar to those that had worked with varying degrees of success over the past half-century in Iran, Guatemala, Afghanistan, Nicaragua and elsewhere in the Third world."9 As far as the examples of the countries, where the covert actions were used throughout the past century are concerned, it is a relatively well known fact that one of the methods in their repertoire for sabotaging, and weakening governments and movements in the targeted countries was the discrete introduction of chemical and/or biological weapons. Note that the U.S. Embassy in Costa Rica in its precisions (sic.) about the effects of the screwworm, mentions the human victims in Nicaragua and El Salvador. (Examples of other countries will be given later.) œ BUT THE SCREWWORM infestation would probably never have become known to the outside world were it not for the "explosion" in the rate of infestations that occurred in December 1997. The epidemic rose from what had been an incidence level of approx. 66/day (during the 15 months preceding December) to reach a level of approx. 69/hour (or more than 1/minute, alone in December '97). Extending from a surface area of 30,000 sq. km to 300,000 sq. km in December. And this without the neighboring countries having being drawn into the radius. Could the U.S. be setting up a "buffer zone" of sterilized flies along the borders of its allies? (It was during this sudden epidemic that Kuwait recorded its first case of screwworm. Maybe one slipped through.) Dr. Hursey explains this as an evolutionary rise in the birth rate coupled with the favorable environment created through the lack of means to combat the parasite due to the sanctions, having a multiple effect.10 But does this explain the timing? There has been no apparent reason for this explosion to wait to take place right when war preparations were underway. It was late-November -- during the crisis sharpened between the U.S./Anglo-dominated UN commission and the Iraqi government that became the reason given for preparations for a U.S. military attack -- that this infestation suddenly rose to reach epidemic proportions in December. A military attack against Iraq was only averted through Russian diplomacy. One of the Russian proposals to deflate the tensions was that Russian surveillance aircraft take over the surveillance flights over Iraqi territory. This proposal was rejected out of hand. The United States covets its monopoly over what it knows and what it chooses to inform about. At the same time, under the watchful eye of U.S. surveillance, a lot of flies and other parasites can be invited to dinner at the costs of the Iraqi population. Given the already extremely low per-capita animal protein in- take rate in Iraq, one could speculate that such a decimating plague attacking what is left of Iraq's meat industry could be calculated to be a good means to achieve the demoralization of Iraqi troops. Having to confront an overpowering enemy, on an empty stomach, could help force an earlier victory. œ THE FAO REPRESENTATIVE, Dr. Hursey, insists upon the fact that the species of screwworm attacking Iraq is different from the one that the U.S. is raising and that attacked Libya. (This does not inhibit both the USDA and the FAO from using the same picture in their websites).11 This would simply go to show that the U.S. facilities in Mexico are not directly involved. That the CIA had not introduced the parasite from the Australian (old world species) facilities in Malaysia is not to be excluded. After all, Richard Butler's Australia is a member of the "alliance against Saddam." That is not only evident through its diplomat's behavior as leader of the UNSCOM "investigations" but also through its enthusiasm to "bomb with the biggies" when the fireworks finally starts. œ EVEN THOUGH MANY countries have learned to live with the screwworm, controlling it through insecticides and simply other means of hygiene, epidemics of screwworm infestation are a rarity, and seem to follow the guidelines of U.S. foreign policy. This is not the first time that the screwworm paid unexpected and unexplained visits to new frontiers. It was in late 1988 that the new world screwworm flies appeared in Libya. In 1989 approx. 2,000 animals were killed. The following year, the epidemic covered an area of 35,000 sq. sq. km and killed more than 12,000 heads of stock.12 It was through the deployment of small, low-flying airplanes dropping 1400 cartons/minute which statistically amounts to 800 imported flies/sq. km. Between 45 and 100 million flies/week were distributed during the summer months of 1991.13 Over 1.3 billion (thousand million) sterile male flies were released over Libya in the course of 10 months.14 One element appears suspicious throughout the Libyan operation: The larvae were flown from Mexico to Frankfurt where the cargo was then transferred to the German Lufthansa subsidiary, German Cargo Services for the last leg to Tripoli. A rather complicated route. But then the U.S. was still in its embargo with Libya because of both the Lockerbie and the LaBelle affairs (both of which doubt about Libyan implication is steadily growing). Was it that the U.S. government wanted to hide its hand in helping with the eradication of the parasite? Or even in the provocation of the calamity? Also curious is that in his statement addressing the First Arab Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, the Director General of IAEA, Hans Blix, the role played by the American facilities in Tuxtla is excluded from the list of those who aided in the eradication of the screwworm from Libya. He states: "This is an excellent example of a collaborative effort, in which Libya, the FAO, the IAEA, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the UN Development Programme (UNDP) combined their efforts. Support also came from the Swedish International Development Authority and the Austrian Government, in addition to a number of other donors. Later on you will hear more about nuclear applications in agriculture from Dr. Sigurbjoernsson, Director of our Joint Division with FAO and on the screwworm pro- gramme from Dr. Lindquist, Director of the screwworm field programme here in Libya who, in fact, is on loan from the IAEA to the eradication campaign."15 One could ask: Did the Libyan government know of U.S. involvement in the eradication of the screwworm from its territory; did U.S. allies -- north of the Mediterranean -- force the U.S. to break its embargo practice against Libya, to aid in ridding their southern Mediterranean neighbor of this pest before it crossed into Europe; or could knowledge of U.S. involvement in the eradication provoke the question of its involvement in the creation of the calamity in the first place, which caused damage in the millions? THE U.S. AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE The U.S. government has cast itself in the role of being the protector of humanity from the danger of the use of biological weapons that have fallen in the hands of "irresponsible" leaders or terrorists. One needs only to consider the U.S. track-record on the use of biological weapons against civilian populations -- because the first victims are always civilians -- to see that the real reason for the current build-up cannot be the elimination of biological weapons -- whose existence yet is still to be proven. The U.S. government has most often been proven to have deployed biological agents -- both in the form of pests, such as the screwworm fly, and in the form of bacteriological/viral agents -- against other states and populations, including testing these viral and bacteriological agents on its own population. When in 1982 Pakistan expelled Dr. David R. Nalin, the American director of what was known as the world's largest "malaria research center" eyebrows were raised. In fact he had been expelled because the true purpose of his "research center" reached public attention: "In Moscow, the Feb. 3rd issue of the Literaturnaia Gazetta weekly accused the CIA of financing in Lahore a center of medical research for biological weapons. According to the Soviet journal, the goal of the CIA was to provoke epidemics in Afghanistan, "by using seasonal migrations of shepherds from Pakistan into Afghanistan in order to cause epidemics of encephalitis". According to the weekly, the Lahore center worked on mosquitos, carriers of infectious diseases. Several officers of the CIA and Pakistani military experts participated in the work. This secret research, the journal added, was discovered after mosquitoes used for the experiments escaped from the laboratories contaminating a number of inhabitants of Lahore with yellow fever, hepatitis, and serious mental disorders, with some lapsing into coma."16 The CIA was accused of using techniques of radiation for producing "super mosquitos" which are to be used against communist regimes in Afghanistan and Cuba.17 The mosquito in question is the Aedes aegypti originally of Latin America, historically the principle carrier of yellow fever, but under U.S. "guidance" it has also learned to be very useful in the dissemination of dengue hemorrhagic and encephalitis.18 Cuba has been a primary testing ground for U.S. biological agents. In May 1981 an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever (type 2 or dengue-2) hit Cuba. From May to October 1981 there were well over 300,000 reported cases with 158 fatalities, 101 involving children under 15.19 In 1985 the trial of Eduardo Arocena, a leading member of the Cuban exile terrorist organization Omega 7, unexpectedly shed some light on the origins of the outbreak of dengue in Cuba in 1981. "Arocena revealed that in 1980 he "supervised" an action inside Cuba to "carry some germs to introduce them in Cuba to be used against the Soviets and against the Cuban economy." Arocena testified that this operation "produced results that were not what we had expected, because we thought that it was going to be used against the Soviet forces, and it was used against our own people, and with that we did not agree."20 It was shortly after Arocena's action that the dengue fever epidemic broke out. Just a partial list of the various biological warfare attacks that the U.S. government has used against Cuba, its population and its economy: 1971 brown rot 1970 African swine fever 1978-79 cane rust and cane soot 1979 blue mold 1979 African swine fever 1981 dengue hemorrhagic fever 1982 Newcastle sickness 1983 coffee rust But biological warfare has not only been reserved for the U.S. government's designated enemies: Its own population has also been a target. Beginning in the late '70s details began to be known of the "open air" tests that the U.S. government had been carrying out inside the United States, endangering -- even killing -- American citizens. Dec. 1976 - U.S. Army admits that between 1950 and 1966 it conducted 8 biological war tests on U.S. citizens. An Army spokesman said that the tests were carried out with "non-disease-causing biological substances" and that there is nothing we have that shows any linkage between these tests and any outbreaks of infection or any deaths."21 The Army never did a follow up investigation to see if there were any infection or deaths. Newspapers reported that in the areas of the tests, an unusually high number of cases of pneumonia occurred also resulting in deaths.22 Sept. 1979 - The U.S. Navy admitted to having blanketed San Francisco and surrounding communities with a bacteria-laden smog for 6 days in 1950. This also resulted in at least 1 death.23 Dec. 1979 - CIA performed open-air tests in the mid 50s with whooping cough bacteria over Florida resulting in a 300% rise in this children's disease and 12 fatalities.24 Apr. 1980 - in 1966 U.S. Army agents dispersed a bacillus in the subway system in New York city. According to the Army's report the tests were made not only to measure the vulnerability of subway systems to covert biological attack, but also to determine "methods of delivery that could be used offensively."25 May 1980 - It was exposed that the U.S. Army sprayed Minneapolis 61 times in 1953 with an aerosol pumper with powdered zinc cadmium sulfide to trace the air currents.26 Dec. 1984 - It was exposed that from 1943-71 U.S. Army agents contaminated passengers in Washington's "National Airport".27 As with the other experiments, government germ-war agencies did not investigate if illness resulted nor take measures to heal those who fell victim to the experiments. So just from this small sample -- certainly only the tip of the iceberg -- one realizes that it well advised to be critical about the true intentions behind the piously altruistic claims of the nuclear power, the U.S.A, with larger stockpiles of biological and chemical weapons than all of its designated "rogue states" taken together. Here is an example of the re-colonization of the world, under the guise of "globalization" and under the threat of physical annihilation through nuclear weapons for any and all who refuse to relinquish their sovereignty to the whims and wishes of the U.S. government and its allies. I wish you success in your work to organize and inform. Yours for Peace and Justice, George Pumphrey ---- 1. Sauer, Ulrike, "Die Schraubenwurmfliege bedroht die irakische Wirtschaft", S¸deutsche Zeitung, 16.1.98) 2. U.S. Embassy Costa Rica; "The Screwworm Eradication Program"; (http://usembassy.or.cr/screwwrm.html) 3. U.S.DA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS); "Eradicating Screwworms from North America"; (http:- //www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/screwworm.html) 4. Ibid. 5. Op.cit. U.S. Embassy Costa Rica 6. A map showing the infested areas can be found at: "Screwworm epidemic threatens livestock in Iraq and neighboring countries"; News Highlights Food and Agriculture Organization; Jan. 15, 1998; http://www.fao.org/news/1998/980102-e.htm 7. Hoagland, Jim, "How CIA's Secret War on Saddam Collapsed: A Retired Intelligence Operative surfaces with Details and Critique of U.S. Campaign"; Washington Post, 26.6.97 8. Ibid. 9 Ibid. 10. From notes taken during a telephone interview with Dr. Hursey Jan. 27, 1998 11. Ibid. Compare the photos of the fly in the files: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/screwworm.html page 1 and http://www.- fao.org/news/1998/980102-e.htm page 1. They are identical, even though one is supposed to show the new world and the other the old world fly. 12 Sabine R”nsch, DPA-Correspondent "Sch”dlinge sollen sich selbst ausrotten: Jede Woche Mexiko-Libyen"; Deutsche Presseagentur, 5/3/91, 10:44 13. Funk, Bruno; Aufwendiger Kampf gegen die Killerfliege; Die Welt, Apr. 10, 1991 14. Blix, Hans; Manuscript of the Statement by IAE Director General Hans Blix at the First Arab Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy; Tripoli Libya, 2 Feb. 1992 (http://www.iaea.or.at/worlda- tom/inforesource/dgspeeches/dgsp1992n17.html) 15. Ibid. 16. AFP; Un Americain accusÈ par les SoviÈtiques de procÈder ý des ExpÈriences d'´Armes Biologiquesª a du quitter le Pays; Le Monde, 2/16/82 17. ´Super-moustiquesª de la CIA contre rÈgime Communiste; Quotidien de Paris, 2/5/82 18. NB. Like the factory in Chiapas, this "malaria" research center is far away from U.S. borders, an easy way to protect the home population from laboratory leaks and lends itself also to "plausible deniability" -- lying at the highest levels -- when called upon to plausibly deny having anything to do with this institution or the consequences of its "research". 19. Schaap, Bill; The 1981 Cuba Dengue Epidemic; Covert Action Information Bulletin, Nƒ17 (Summer 1982) 20. Ege, Konrad; Poisons, Pathogens and the Pentagon; AfricAsia, June 1985. 21. AP; Eight Germ-War Tests in U.S. are acknowledged by Army; International Herald Tribune; 23 Dec. 1976 22. Ibid. 23. Richards, Bill; U.S. Details Germ-Spraying of San Francisco in 1950; International Herald Tribune; 9/18/79. 24. Richards, Bill; CIA may have tested Bacteria outside; International Herald Tribune; 12/18/79 and UPI; CIA warfare tests linked with whooping cough rise; Daily World; 20 Dec. 1979 25. Lardner, George Jr.; U.S. Army tested Bacteria in New York; International Herald Tribune; 23 Apr. 1980 26. AP; Army reportedly sprayed Aerosol on Minneapolis; International Herald Tribune; 3 May 1980 27. Ringle, Ken; U.S. Army Performed Germ Test on Air Travelers; International Herald Tribune; 7 Dec. 84 ___________ * No part may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>. For sample issue, send SASE to Blazing Tattles, P.O. Box 1073, Half Moon Bay, CA 94019 within 4 weeks of posting date. * Next message: Robert Bisset: "INFOTERRA: A New UNEP for a New Millennium" * Previous message: Ferdinand Engelbeen: "Re: INFOTERRA: halogen usage"
